3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

3 Inequalities
3 Inequalities
Graphical representation:
Review Exercise 3 (p. 3.5)

8. 2( x  1)  3(1  x)
1. (a)  (b)  (c) 
2 x  2  3  3x
(d)  (e)  (f)  2 x  3x  3  2
 x  1
2. (a) x 1 (b) x  1
x 1
3 1
(c) x (d) x
2 2
3. (a)
2x  6 x  1
9.  1
3 2
2(2 x  6)  3( x  1)  6
(b)
4 x  12  3x  3  6
7 x  21
x3
(c) Graphical representation:
(d)
10.   (4)  4(1)(3)
2
4
0
4. 5 x  4
∴ The graph of y  x 2  4 x  3 has two x-intercepts.
 x  1
x 1 11.   52  4(2)(15)
 95
0
∴ The graph of y  2 x 2  5x  15 has no x-intercepts.
5. 2x  1  x  3
2 x  x  3  1 12. (a) x2  x  6  0
x  2 ( x  3)( x  2)  0
Graphical representation: x   3 or x  2
(b) When y = 0,
2 x 2  2 x  12  0
3x  2 x2  x  6  0
6.  4
5 x  3 or x  2 (from (a))
3 x  2  20
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 2.
3 x  18
x  6 13. (a) Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (< 0), the graph opens
Graphical representation: downwards.
(b) When y = 0,
 3x 2  6 x  9  0
x 2  2x  3  0
x ( x  1)( x  3)  0
7. 6 x
4 x  1 or x  3
x  24  4 x ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 3.
x  4 x  24
 3 x  24
x8
73
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
14. (a) Since the coefficient of x2 is 8 (> 0), the graph opens Maths Dialogue
upwards.
Maths Dialogue (p. 3.35)
(b) When y = 0, Yes. We can use the graphical method or the algebraic methods
8 x 2  40 x  50  0 learnt to solve the inequality.
4 x 2  20 x  25  0
Classwork
(2 x  5) 2  0
5
x Classwork (p. 3.9)
2 Compound Graphical representations
5 Inequality of the two linear inequalities
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is .
2
x  2 and x  4
Activity
Warm-Up Activity (p. 3.7)

(a) 6 7 8 9 10 x  5 and x  4
(b) 8 9 10
(c) 8 9 10 x  3 and x  2
Activity 3.1 (p. 3.23)

1.   3,   1
x  3 and x  1
2. (a)
Values of y
Above/below Range of
(positive/ Solutions of the compound inequality
the x-axis values of x Compound
negative) Algebraic
inequality Graphical representation
above positive x < –3 representation
below negative –3 < x < 1

x  2 and x  4 x>4
above positive x>1
(b) (i) x  3 or x  1
(ii) 3  x  1 x  5 and x  4 4  x  5
3. (a) x  3 or x  1
(b) 3  x  1 x  3 and x  2 nil no solutions
Activity 3.2 (p. 3.33)

1. x  3 ; 3  x  2 ; x  2
x  3 and x  1 x  1
2.
x < –3 x  3 –3 < x < 2 x2 x>2
– 0 + + + Classwork (p. 3.14)

Compound Graphical representations
– – – 0 + inequality of the two linear inequalities
+ 0 – 0 +
x  3 or x  7
3. (a) x < 3 or x > 2
(b) 3 < x < 2 x  5 or x  4
(c) x  3 or x  2
x  3 or x  6
(d) 3  x  2
x  2 or x  0
74
3 Inequalities
Solutions of the compound inequality
Compound
Algebraic
inequality Graphical representation
representation
Quick Practice 3.2 (p. 3.10)
x  3 or x  7 x>3 x
5x  2   3
2
9x
 5
2
x  5 or x  4 x 5 10
x  (1)
9
x6
and 5 
x  3 or x  6 all real values 3
of x 15  x  6
x  21 ( 2 )
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).
x  2 or x  0 x  0 or x  2 ∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.

(a) 1  2(1  2 x)
Classwork (p. 3.25)
(a) 1  x  2  1  2  4x
4 x  3
8 3
(b)  x2 x (1)
3 4
x
1 and 2(1  2 x)   13
(c) x  1 or x   2
3 x
2  4 x   13
2
Classwork (p. 3.31)
7x
x  1  0 x  1  0  11
(a)  or  2
x  5  0 x  5  0 22
x ( 2 )
7
x  3  0 x  3  0 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
(b)  or 
x  2  0 x  2  0 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
3 22
 x .
x  1  0 x  1  0 4 7
(c)  or 
x  4  0 x  4  0 (b) The largest possible integer that satisfies the compound
inequality in (a) is 3.
Classwork (p. 3.34)
(a) 1  x  6 Quick Practice 3.4 (p. 3.15)
3x  9  x  7
(b) 1  x  6
2 x  16
(c) x  1 or x  6 x  8  (1 )
or 6  3 x  33
(d) x  1 or x  6  3 x  27
x  9  ( 2)
Quick Practice ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  9 .
Quick Practice 3.1 (p. 3.10) Graphical representation:
3x  2  5
3x  3
x  1  (1 )
and 8  5 x  2
 5 x  10
x  2  (2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  2.
75
Quick Practice 3.5 (p. 3.16) ∴ The compound inequality is

1  2x ‘ 240  x  1.2 x and 50(240  x)  65 x  13 500 ’.
2x  3 
5
10 x  15  1  2 x (b) 240  x  1.2 x
12 x  16 240  2.2 x
4 1200
x  ( 1 ) x  (1 )
3 11
3  6x and 50(240  x)  65 x  13 500
or  x 1
5 12 000  50 x  65 x  13 500
3  6x  5x  5 15 x  1500
x  8  (2) x  100  (2)
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  8 or ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
4 1200
x . 100  x  .
3 11
Graphical representation: ∵ x must be an integer.
∴ The greatest possible number of hours Alan worked is
109.

Quick Practice 3.6 (p. 3.16) John is x cm tall and Charles is (200  x) cm tall.
2 ∵ If both of them are 10 cm taller, at least one of them can
(a) 1 x  x  6 ride the roller coaster.
3
5 ∴ The compound inequality is ‘ x  10  120 or
 x5 (200  x)  10  120 ’.
3
x  3  ( 1 ) x  10  120
x  5 x x  110  ( 1 )
or 2  3  
3  2 or (200  x)  10  120
2x 5 x 210  x  120
6
3 2  x  90
2(2 x)  36  3(5  x) x  90  (2)
4 x  36  15  3 x ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2), and x must be positive.
7 x  21 ∴ The range of values of x is 0  x  90 or x  110 .
x  3  (2)
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 – 3x – 10.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
values of x except x  3 . y = x2 – 3x – 10 opens upwards.
Graphical representation: When y = 0,
x 2  3x  10  0
( x  2)( x  5)  0
x20 or x  5  0
(b) From (a), the solutions of the compound inequality must x  2 or x5
satisfy both ‘all real values of x except x  3 ’ and Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 3x – 10:
x  6  0 , i.e. x  6 .
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
x  6 .

(a) Alan works x hours and Bill works (240  x) hours.
∵ Bill’s working hours (240  x) are at least 20% longer
than Alan’s (x).
∴ 240  x  (1  20%) x
240  x  1.2 x
∵ Alan and Bill get hourly wages of $65 and $50 From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x – 10 < 0 are
respectively, and their total wage will be more than 2  x  5 .
$13 500.
∴ 50(240  x)  65 x  13 500
76
3 Inequalities
Quick Practice 3.10 (p. 3.26) Quick Practice 3.12 (p. 3.28)
Consider the corresponding quadratic function (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function
y  x 2  4x  2 . y  x 2  x 1 .
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph of Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph of
y   x 2  4 x  2 opens downwards. y   x 2  x  1 opens downwards.
When y = 0, Consider  x 2  x 1  0 .
 x 2  4x  2  0   12  4( 1)(1)
x 2  4x  2  0  3
 (4)  (4) 2  4(1)(2) 0
x ∴ The graph has no x-intercepts.
2(1)
Sketch the graph of y   x 2  x  1 :
4 8

2
 2 2
Sketch the graph of y   x 2  4 x  2 :
From the graph, there are no solutions for  x 2  x 1  0 .
(b) From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  x 1  0 are all real

values of x.
From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  4x  2  0 are
x  2  2 or x  2  2 . Quick Practice 3.13 (p. 3.32)
2x2  5x  3  0
Quick Practice 3.11 (p. 3.27) ( x  3)(2 x  1)  0
(a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function
x  3  0 x  3  0
y  9x 2  6x  1 .  or 
2 x  1  0 2 x  1  0
Since the coefficient of x2 is 9 (> 0), the graph of
 1  1
y  9 x 2  6 x  1 opens upwards.  x  3 and x   or  x  3 and x  
 2  2
When y = 0, 1
3 x  or no solutions
9x 2  6x 1  0 2
(3 x  1) 2  0 1
∴ The solutions of 2x 2  5x  3  0 are  3  x  .
1 2
x
3
Sketch the graph of y  9 x 2  6 x  1 :
 x 2  x  20  0
x 2  x  20  0
( x  4)( x  5)  0
x  4  0 x  4  0
 or 
x  5  0 x  5  0
( x  4 and x  5) or ( x  4 and x  5)
x5 or x  4
∴ The solutions of –x2 + x + 20 < 0 are x < –4 or x > 5.
From the graph, there are no solutions for Quick Practice 3.15 (p. 3.34)
9x 2  6x  1  0 . x 2  5 x  24  0
( x  3)( x  8)  0
(b) From the graph, the solutions of 9x 2  6x  1  0 are all x < –3 x = –3 –3 < x < 8 x=8 x>8
real values of x. x+3 – 0 + + +
x–8 – – – 0 +
(x + 3)(x  8) + 0 – 0 +
From the table, the solutions of x 2  5x  24  0 are x  3
or x  8 .
77
Quick Practice 3.16 (p. 3.35)  1

2
 2x 2  x  1  0 ∵ 2 x    0 for all real values of x.

 2
2x 2  x 1  0 2
 1 5
(2 x  1)( x  1)  0 ∴ 2 x     0 for all real values of x.
 2 2
1 1 1
x < x =  <x<1 x=1 x>1 ∴ There are no solutions for 2x 2  2x  3  0 .
2 2 2
2x + 1 – 0 + + + Quick Practice 3.19 (p. 3.39)
x–1 – – – 0 +
(a) ∵ The quadratic graph y   x 2  (k  1) x  (k  2)
(2x + 1)(x – 1) + 0 – 0 +
is always below the x-axis.
From the table, the solutions of 2x 2  x  1  0 are
∴ It has no x-intercepts.
1
  x 1. ∴  x 2  (k  1) x  (k  2)  0 has no real roots.
2
∴ 0
1
∴ The solutions of  2x 2  x  1  0 are   x  1 . (k  1) 2  4(1)(k  2)  0
2
k 2  2k  1  4k  8  0
Quick Practice 3.17 (p. 3.36) k 2  6k  7  0
x 2  6 x  9  ( x  3) 2 (k  1)(k  7)  0
(a) ∵ ( x  3) 2  0 for all real values of x except x  3 .  7  k 1
∴ The solutions of x 2  6x  9  0 are all real values of ∴ The range of values of k is 7  k  1.
x except x  3 .
(b) ∵ x 2  kx  (k  3) is always positive for all real values
(b) ∵ ( x  3)  0 for all real values of x .
2
of x.
∴ There are no solutions for x 2  6x  9  0 . ∴ x 2  kx  (k  3)  0 has no real roots.
∴ 0
Quick Practice 3.18 (p. 3.37) (k ) 2  4(1)[(k  3)]  0
(a) For the corresponding equation  x 2  5x  7  0 ,
k 2  4k  12  0
  52  4(1)(7)  3  0
(k  2)(k  6)  0
∴ The equation has no real roots.
6 k  2
 x2  5x  7  0 ∴ The range of values of k is 6  k  2.
x2  5x  7  0
2 2 Quick Practice 3.20 (p. 3.41)
5 5
x2  5x        7  0 2 x  1  0
2 2 (a) Since lengths must be positive, we have  .
2 x  7  0
 5 3 2x 1  0
x    0
 2 4
1
2 x ......(1)
 5 2
∵  x    0 for all real values of x.
 2 and x  7  0
 5 3
2 x  7 ......(2)
∴  x     0 for all real values of x. ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
 2 4
∴ The range of values of x is x  7.
∴ The solutions of  x 2  5x  7  0 are all real values
of x. (b) ∵ The area of the triangle is greater than 17 cm2.
1
(b) For the corresponding equation 2x 2  2x  3  0 , ∴ (2 x  1)( x  7)  17
2
  (2) 2  4(2)(3)  20  0 2 x 2  15 x  7  34
2 x 2  15 x  27  0
2x 2  2x  3  0
(2 x  3)( x  9)  0
2( x 2  x)  3  0
3
 x  9 or x   (rejected)
1 1 
2 2
2
2 x 2  x         3  0
  2   2   Combining with the result of (a), we have x  9.
2
Since x is an integer, the smallest possible value of x is 10.
 1 5
2 x     0
 2 2
78
3 Inequalities
Quick Practice 3.21 (p. 3.41) 3. 2( x  1)  x  6

(a) Area of the path  [( x  2)( x  6)  x( x  8)] m 2 2x  2  x  6
 [( x 2  4 x  12)  ( x 2  8 x)] m 2 x  4  (1 )
 (4 x  12) m 2 x
and 2 5 x
3
(b) For Matthew’s claim to be correct, 4
x7
4 x  12  x( x  8) 3
21
4 x  12  x 2  8 x x  (2)
4
x 2  12 x  12  0 ∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).
[ x  (6  2 6 )][ x  (6  2 6 )]  0 ∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.
62 6  x  62 6
x3
x  6  2 6  1.10 and x  6  2 6  10.90 4. 5  6x
2
Since x > 11, the area of the path cannot be greater than 10  ( x  3)  12 x
that of the garden.
13  x  12 x
Hence, Matthew’s claim is incorrect.
13  13 x
Further Practice x  1  (1 )
or 3 x  5  2( x  2)
Further Practice (p. 3.17) 3x  5  2 x  4
1. 3x  8  2 x  5
x  1  (2)
x  13  (1 )
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
x4 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
or 1
3 values of x except x  1 .
x43 Graphical representation:
x  7  (2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  13
or x  7 .
Graphical representation: 3x  1
5. (a) 1 
4
 4  3x  1
 3  3x
3 x  1  ( 1 )
2. ( x  2)  2 x  5 3x  1
2 and 2
3( x  2)  2(2 x  5) 4
3 x  6  4 x  10 3x  1  8
 x  16 3x  9
x  16  ( 1 ) x  3  (2)
and 2 x  5  9( x  2)
2 x  5  9 x  18 1  x  3 .
 7 x  13
13 3x  1
x  (2) (b) From (a), the solutions of  1   2 are
7 4
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 1  x  3 (3)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x 1 2x 1
x  16 . 
2 7
Graphical representation: 7( x  1)  2( 2 x  1)
7x  7  4x  2
3x  9
x  3  ( 4 )
x  1 .
79
Further Practice (p. 3.36) Graphical representation:

1. (a) y 2  4 y  32  0
( y  8)( y  4)  0
y  8  0 y  8  0
 or 
y  4  0 y  4  0  x  2 (1)
( y  8 and y  4) or ( y  8 and y  4) 3. 
x  5 (2)
y4 or y  8 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of y2 + 4y – 32 > 0 are y < –8 or ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
y > 4. x5.
(b) Let y = x – 2.
y 2  4 y  32
y 2  4 y  32  0
From (a), x – 2 < –8 or x–2>4
x  6 or x6 x  1 (1)
4. 
∴ The solutions of ( x  2) 2  4( x  2)  32 are  x  4 (2)
x  6 or x  6 . ∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).
∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.
2. (a) y 2  15 y  56  0
5. 3x  12
( y  8)( y  7)  0
x  4  (1)
y < –8 y = –8 –8 < y < –7 y = –7 y > –7
y+8 – 0 + + + and 2 x  5  9
y+7 – – – 0 + 2 x  14
(y + 8)(y  7) + 0 – 0 + x  7  ( 2)
From the table, the solutions of y 2  15 y  56  0 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
are 8  y  7 . ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  7.
x
(b) Let y  .
2
y 2  15 y  56  0
From (a), 8  y  7 6. 4 x  5  11
x 4 x  16
 8   7
2 x  4  (1)
 16  x  14 and 2( x  1)  10
x 2 15 x 1  5
∴ The solutions of  x  56  0 are
4 2 x  6  ( 2)
16  x  14 . ∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).
Exercise
7. 3x  5  2 x  7
Exercise 3A (p. 3.11) x  12  (1)
Level 1
and x  10  5 x  2
x  4 (1)
1.  12  4 x
 x  7  (2)
x  3  ( 2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
4 x7.
3 < x < 12.
 x  6 (1) 8. x  5  2(1  x)
2. 
 x  9 (2) x  5  2  2x
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 3x  7
7
x  9 . x  (1 )
3
80
3 Inequalities
and 2(2  x)  11  x ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

4  2 x  11  x ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
3x  7 1
x .
7 10
x  (2) Graphical representation:
3
7
∴ The solution of the compound inequality is x  .
3
x
9. (2 x  5)  x  3 12. 3x  2  1
3
 2x  5  x  3 9x  6  x  3
 3x  8 8 x  9
8
x  (1) x
9
 ( 1 )
3 8
and x  3  5  x x
2x  2 and  3  x 1
2
x  1  (2) x  6  2x  2
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). x  8  (2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
8 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
  x 1.
3 9
Graphical representation: 8  x   .
8
3  2x
10.  3x  5 x  36  3(2 x  5)
2 13. (a)
3  2 x  6 x  10 x  36  6 x  15
 8x  7 7 x  21
7 x  3  (1 )
x  (1 )
8 and 3(2 x  5)  16  x
and 3x  5  2(2 x  1)  6 x  15  16  x
3x  5  4 x  2  5 x  31
 x  7 31
x  (2)
x  7  (2) 5
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
7 31
x .   x3.
8 5
(b) 6 , 1.5 , 0 are the numbers satisfy the compound
inequality in (a).
Level 2
14. 2 x  5  3( x  1)
11. 2( x  4)  7 x  2 2 x  5  3x  3
2x  8  7 x  2  x  2
 5 x  10 x  2  (1 )
x  2  (1 )
3  2x
and 4(1  x)  3(2 x  1) and  x 1
2
4  4x  6x  3 3  2x  2x  2
 10 x  1  4 x  1
1 1
x  (2) x   ( 2)
10 4
81
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 2x  1 x  1

and 
1 4 5
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  .
4 5(2 x  1)  4( x  1)
Graphical representation: 10 x  5  4 x  4
6x  1
1
x  (2)
6
1
15. 3x   1  5x ∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.
2
6 x  1  2  10 x x 3(1  x)
16 x  1 18. 1 
2 2
x
1
 ( 1 ) x  2  3(1  x)
16 x  2  3  3x
3x  1  2x  5
and  2( x  1)
5 5
3x  1  10( x  1) x  ( 1 )
2
3x  1  10 x  10 3(1  x) 5  x
 7 x  11 and 
2 3
11 9(1  x)  2(5  x)
x  (2)
7 9  9 x  10  2 x
11x  1
1
1 11 x  (2)
x . 11
16 7 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
5 1
 x .
2 11
16. 4( x  2)  3(2 x  1)
4x  8  6x  3
11  2 x
5 x
x
11
 ( 1 ) 19. (a)  6 x
2 6
1 5  x  36  6 x
and ( x  3)  1  2( x  1) 7 x  31
2
x  3  2  4( x  1) 31
x  ( 1 )
x  5  4 x  4 7
5x  9 12  x
and 6 x 
9 3
x  (2) 18  3x  12  x
5
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).  2 x  6
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3  (2)
11 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
x .
Graphical representation: 31
3 x .
7
(b) The largest possible integer that satisfies the

compound inequality in (a) is 4.
x  3 2x  1
17. 
3 4
4( x  3)  3(2 x  1)
4 x  12  6 x  3
15  2 x
15
x  ( 1 )
2
82
3 Inequalities
6 x x ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

20. (a) 
12 4 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
4(6  x)  12 x 23
3  x  .
24  4 x  12 x 3
24  16 x
(b) The negative integers that satisfy the compound
3 inequality in (a) are –2 and –1.
x  ( 1 )
2
x 3x  1
and  3( x  2) 23. (a)  x2
2 2
x 3x  1  2 x  4
 3x  6
2 x  5  ( 1 )
5x and 2 x  1  3( x  1)
  6
2 2 x  1  3x  3
12
x   ( 2) x  4  (2)
5
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
4 x5.
12
x .
5 (b) From (a), the solutions of
3x  1
(b) The smallest possible integer that satisfies the ‘  x  2 and 2 x  1  3( x  1) ’ are
compound inequality in (a) is 3. 2
4  x  5 (3)
x 1 x 9
21. (a)  1 (i) x  (4)
3 5 2
5( x  1)  3 x  15 ∵ x must satisfy both (3) and (4).
5 x  5  3 x  15 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
2 x  20 are
9
 x5.
x  10  ( 1 ) 2
4x  6 7
3x  4  (ii) x   (5)
and 2
3
9 x  12  4 x  6
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (3)
and (5).
5 x  18 ∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.
18
x  (2)
5 3
24. x  2  2(8  x)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 2
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 3 x  4  4(8  x)
18
 x  10 . 3 x  4  32  4 x
5 7 x  28
x  4  ( 1 )
(b) There are 7 integers that satisfy both the inequalities
in (a). and 2  5 x  k
 5x  k  2
3( x  5) 12  x k 2
22. (a) 2 x
2 3 5
9( x  5)  12  2(12  x) 2k
9 x  45  12  24  2 x x  (2)
5
11x  33 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
x  3  (1 ) ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x > 4
2(6 x  1) 2k
and  3x  7 and x  .
3 5
2(6 x  1)  3(3x  7) Suppose the solutions are in the form a < x < b. Then,
2k
12 x  2  9 x  21 4 x
5
3x  23
2k
23 ∴ 4
x  (2) 5
3 20  2  k
k  18
Thus k can be any value less than –18.
83
Exercise 3B (p. 3.19) ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

Level 1 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3 .
1. x  2 ……(1) Graphical representation:
x  0 ……(2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  0 .
7. 2( x  2)  12
 2 x  4  12
 2 x  8
x  4  ( 1 )
2. x  5 ……(1)
x  3 ……(2) or 4  3x  9  2 x
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).  5x  5
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  1  (2)
x  5 or x  3 . ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
Graphical representation: ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  4 .
3. x 5 0
x  5  (1 ) 8. 3(2  x)  x  9
or x  6  0 6  3x  x  9
x  6  (2)  4x  3
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). 3
x  ( 1 )
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 4
x  6 . x3
Graphical representation: or 3x  4 
2
6x  8  x  3
5 x  5
x  1  (2)
4. x 1  0 ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
x  1  ( 1 ) ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
x 1  0 3
or are x   .
x  1  (2) 4
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
values of x.
5. 1  2x  5
1  3x
6  2x 9.  1  2x
2
x  3  ( 1 )
1  3x  2  4 x
or 2 x  5  7
x  1  (1 )
2 x  12
or5( x  1)  3x  2
x  6   ( 2)
 5 x  5  3x  2
 8x  3
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3.
x  (2)
8
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
values of x.
6. 7  2 x  1
 2 x  8 10. 4( x  2)  x  3
x  4  ( 1 ) 4x  8  x  3
or x  3  3( x  3) 3x  11
x  3  3x  9 11
 2x  6 x  (1 )
3
x  3  (2)
84
3 Inequalities
x 13. From the question,

or 7x  3  1  2n + 12 < 4n – 18 and 3n – 5 > 4n – 23
3
2n  12  4n  18
22
x4 30  2n
3
6 n  15  (1 )
x  (2)
11 and 3n  5  4n  23
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). n  18  (2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality ∵ n must satisfy both (1) and (2).
6 11 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
are x  or x  .
11 3 15 < n < 18.
Graphical representation: ∴ The possible values of n are 16 and 17.
14. From the question,

2n + 5 > 5n – 13 or 5n + 18 < 4n + 13
2n  5  5n  13
18  3n
4x
11.  2  4  2x n  6  (1 )
3
10 x or 5n  18  4n  13
2
3 n  5  (2)
3 ∵ n must satisfy (1) or (2).
x  ( 1 )
5 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are n < 6.
or 2( x  3)  4 x  9 Since n is a positive integer, the possible values of n are 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5.
2x  6  4x  9
 2 x  3 15. Let n be the larger integer, then the smaller integer is
3 n – 1.
x  (2) From the question,
2
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). n < 10 and n + (n – 1) < 15
n  10  (1)
3
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  . and n  (n  1)  15
2
Graphical representation: 2n  1  15
2n  16
n  8  (2)
∵ n must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are n < 8.
1 x ∴ The largest possible value of n is 7.
12. 3x  1 
3 Hence, the largest possible sum of the two consecutive
9x  3  1  x integers is 7 + 6 = 13.
10 x  4
2
x  ( 1 ) n + (2n + 5) < 20 or 2n + 5 < 10
5 n  (2n  5)  20
x
or 1  2 x  3n  5  20
2
3n  15
2  4x  x
n  5  ( 1 )
2  5x
or 2n  5  10
2
x  (2) 2n  5
5
n  (2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real 2
2 ∵ n must satisfy (1) or (2).
values of x except x  . ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are n < 5.
5
Graphical representation: ∴ The largest possible value of n is 4.
Hence, the largest possible values of the two integers n
and 2n + 5 are 4 and 13 respectively.
85
Level 2 ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

17. 4( x  4)  3(2 x  1) ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
4 x  16  6 x  3 values of x.
 2 x  19
19
x  (1 )
2
6( x  1)
or 5x  15 1  2x
5 20. 6x  
25 x  6 x  6 2 2
19 x  6 12 x  15  (1  2 x)
6 12 x  15  1  2 x
x   ( 2) 10 x  14
19
x  ( 1 )
19 6( 4 x  1)
x . or  14  5 x
2 5
Graphical representation: 6( 4 x  1)  5(14  5 x)
24 x  6  70  25 x
 x  76
x  76  (2)
x ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
18. 6x 1  1
3 x  76 .
17 Graphical representation:
x2
3
6
x  ( 1 )
17
3x
or 5( x  1)  1 x  7 3x
2 21. (a)  1
3x 3 4
5x  5  1 4( x  7)  3(3x)  12
2
7x 4 x  28  9 x  12
6
2 40  5 x
12 x8
x   ( 2)
7
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). x  7 3x
(b) From (a), the solutions of   1 are
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 3 4
6 12 x  8  (1)
x or x  .
17 7 (i) 2x  1  0
Graphical representation: 2 x  1
1
x  (2)
2
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
are all real values of x.
1  3x
19. 8x  1 Graphical representation:
3
24 x  (1  3x)  3
24 x  1  3x  3
x
27 x  4 (ii) 4  0
2
4
x  ( 1 ) x
27 4
2
or 53  3(1  x)  2
x  8  (3)
53  3  3 x  2
48  3 x ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
x  16  (2) are all real values of x except x  8 .
86
3 Inequalities
Graphical representation: ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

9
 x5.
2
2( x  1)  21 x x 3
  
22. (a)
2 x  2  21 (b) From (a), the solutions of  3 6 4 are
2 x  19  3x  1  x  2
 2
19
x  ( 1 ) 9
2  x  5  (3)
2
x 1 x 1 x
or   x  2  3(1  x)
3 5 10
x  2  3  3x
10( x  1)  6( x  1)  3x
4x  5
10 x  10  6 x  6  3x
5
x  16  (2) x  (4)
x  16 .
5
x .
(b) The smallest possible integer that satisfies the 4
compound inequality in (a) is 15 .
1  2x 1 x
25. (a)  1
2 x  11 4 x 9 6
23. (a)  3
3 5 2(1  2 x)  18  3(1  x)
5(2 x  11)  3(4 x)  45 2  4 x  18  3  3x
10 x  55  12 x  45  7 x  19
 2 x  10 19
x  (1 )
x  5  ( 1 ) 7
or2(2  5 x)  7(1  x) x3
or  6 x
4  10 x  7  7 x 2
x  3  12 x
 3x  3
13x  3
x  1  (2)
3
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). x  (2)
x  5 or x  1 . ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
(b) From (a), the solutions of 19 3
x or x  .
2 x  11 4 x 7 13
‘   3 or 2(2  5 x)  7(1  x) ’ are
3 5
x  5 or x  1 ……(3) (b) From (a), the solutions of
1  2x 1 x x3
4x  5 ‘  1 or  6 x ’ are
 x 1 9 6 2
3
4 x  5  3x  3 19 3
x or x  ……(3)
7 13
x  2  ( 4)
x6
∵ x must satisfy (3) or (4). 1
x62
x  5 or x  2 .
x  4  (4)
x x 3 ∵ x must satisfy both (3) and (4).
24. (a)  
3 6 4 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
x 3 19 3
 4 x   or x  .
6 4 7 13
9
x  ( 1 )
2
3x  1
and  x2
2
3x  1  2 x  4
x  5  (2)
87
x 1  x Minimum area of the triangle 

1
 16  6 cm 2  48 cm 2
26.   21  
3 2  6 2
Maximum height of the triangle
 x
2 x  3  121  
 6 2
 16 
2 x  3  12  2 x  17 2    cm (Pyth.theorem)
 2
4x  9
 15 cm
9 Maximum area of the triangle
x  ( 1 )
4 1
=  16  15 cm 2  120 cm 2
or 5  6x  k 2
 6x  k  5
5k 29. (a) x of them are $10 coins and ( 20  x ) of them are
x  (2) $5 coins.
6
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). ∵ The total value of the coins is greater than $150
but less than $200.
9
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  ∴ 150  10 x  5(20  x)  200
4
5k (b) 150  10 x  5( 20  x)  200
or x  .
6
150  10 x  100  5 x  200
Suppose the solutions are in the form ‘x > a or x < b’,
where a > b. Then, 50  5 x  100
5k 9 10  x  20

6 4 ∵ x is an integer.
2(5  k )  27 ∴ The maximum and the minimum values of x are
10  2k  27 19 and 11 respectively.
∴ The maximum and the minimum numbers of
 2k  17 $10 coins are 19 and 11 respectively.
k  8.5
Thus k can be any integer less than or equal to –9. 30. Peter is x years old and John is (30  x ) years old now.
∵ 4 years later, at least one of them can meet the age
27. (a) ∵ The perimeter is at least 68 cm but less than
requirement.
98 cm. ∴ The compound inequality is ‘ x  4  21 or
∴ 68  2[(2 x  1)  ( x  6)]  98
(30  x)  4  21 ’.
x  4  21
(b) 68  2[(2 x  1)  ( x  6)]  98
x  17  ( 1 )
68  2(3x  5)  98
or (30  x)  4  21
34  3x  5  49
34  3 x  5 30  x  4  21
39  3 x  x  13
x  13  (1 ) x  13  (2)
and 3 x  5  49 ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2), and x must be positive.
3 x  54 ∴ The range of values of x is 0  x  13 or x  17 .
x  18  (2)
31. (a) Number of girls = 1200 – x
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ The number of girls is less than the number of
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are boys by at least 50 but not greater than 100.
13  x  18 . ∴ The compound inequality is
∴ The smallest possible value of x is 13. 50  x  (1200  x)  100 .
28. Let x cm be the length of each equal side of the triangle. (b) (i) 50  x  (1200  x)  100
Perimeter of the triangle = (x + x + 16) cm
50  2 x  1200  100
= (2x + 16) cm
From the question, 1250  2 x  1300
36  2 x  16  50 625  x  650
20  2 x  34 (ii) Minimum number of girls = 1200 – 650 = 550
10  x  17
32. (a) Number of 10-dollar coins = 100 – x
Minimum height of the triangle
Gabriel’s claim is x > 100 – x
2 Cecilia’s claim is 5x + 10(100 – x) < 800
 16 
 10 2    cm (Pyth.theorem) ∴ The required compound inequality is
 2 x > 100 – x or 5x + 10(100 – x) < 800.
 6 cm
88
3 Inequalities
(b) (i) x  100  x (b) From the graph, the solutions of 2x 2  9x  4  0

2 x  100 1
are  x  4.
x  50  ( 1 ) 2
or 5 x  10(100  x)  800
3. (a) From the graph, there are no solutions for
5 x  1000  10 x  800
 2x 2  7 x 10  0 .
 5 x  200
x  40  (2)
(b) From the graph, the solutions of  2x 2  7 x 10  0
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). are all real values of x.
are x > 40. 4. Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x(x + 2).
(ii) To maximize the total amount of money, the Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
number of 5-dollar coins must be minimized. upwards.
∵ The smallest possible value of x is 41. When y = 0,
i.e. The minimum number of 5-dollar coins is x( x  2)  0
41. x  0 or x  2  0
∴ Maximum total amount
x  2
= $5 × 41 + $10 × (100 – 41) = $795
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and –2.
33. Let the speed of Peter’s car be x km/h. Sketch the graph of y = x(x + 2):
18 3x
Distance travelled by Peter =  x km  km
60 10
 3x 
Distance travelled by Mary =   2  km
 10 
3x
2
10  3x 
Speed of Mary’s car = km/h  4  2  km/h
15  10 
60
From the question,
 3x  From the graph, the solutions of x(x + 2) < 0 are
x  80 or 4  2   80 –2 < x < 0.
 10 
x  80 (1) 5. Consider the corresponding quadratic function
 3x  y  (5 x  3)( x  8) .
or 4  2   80
 10  Since the coefficient of x2 is 5 (> 0), the graph opens
3x upwards.
 2  20 When y = 0,
10
(5 x  3)( x  8)  0
3x
 22 5 x  3  0 or x  8  0
10
3
x
220
 (2) x or x  8
3 5
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and –8.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  80. 5
∴ Maximum speed of Peter’s car = 80 km/h Sketch the graph of y  (5 x  3)( x  8) :
∴ Maximum possible distance that Peter travels
18
=  80 km  24 km
60
Exercise 3C (p. 3.28)

Level 1
1. (a) From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  5x  4  0
are 1  x  4 .
(b) From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  5x  4  0 From the graph, the solutions of (5 x  3)( x  8)  0 are
are x  1 or x  4 .
3
x  8 or x  .
5
2. (a) From the graph, the solutions of 2x 2  9x  4  0
1 6. Consider the corresponding quadratic function
are x  or x  4 .
2 y = (x – 1)(5 – x).
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph opens
downwards.
89
When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y = 16 – x2:

( x  1)(5  x)  0
x  1  0 or 5  x  0
x  1 or x5
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 5.
Sketch the graph of y = (x – 1)(5 – x):
From the graph, the solutions of 16 – x2 > 0 are –4 < x < 4.
9. Consider the corresponding quadratic function

y = x2 – 6x + 10.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
From the graph, the solutions of (x – 1)(5 – x) < 0 are Since   (6) 2  4(1)(10)  4  0 , the graph has no
x < 1 or x > 5.
x-intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 6x + 10:
y  (2 x  1) 2 .
downwards.
When y = 0,
 ( 2 x  1) 2  0
1
x
2
1
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is  .
2
From the graph, there are no solutions for x2 – 6x + 10  0.
Sketch the graph of y  (2 x  1) 2 :
y  x 2  2x  3 .
downwards.
When y = 0,
 x2  2x  3  0
 ( x  3)( x  1)  0
x  3  0 or x  1  0
x  3 or x 1
From the graph, the solutions of  (2 x  1) 2  0 are all real ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 1.
1 Sketch the graph of y   x 2  2 x  3 :
values of x except x   .
2
8. Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = 16 – x2.

downwards.
When y = 0,
16  x 2  0
x 2  16
x  4
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –4 and 4.
From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  2x  3  0 are
3  x  1 .

y  16  8 x  x 2 .
upwards.
90
3 Inequalities
When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y  9  3x  2 x 2 :

16  8 x  x 2  0
( x  4) 2  0
x4
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is 4.
Sketch the graph of y  16  8 x  x 2 :
From the graph, the solutions of 9  3x  2x 2  0 are

3
x   or x  3 .
2
Level 2
From the graph, the solution of 16  8x  x  0 is x  4 .
2
y  x 2  7x  9 .
12. Consider the corresponding quadratic function Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
y = 2x2 + 7x – 4. upwards.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 2 (> 0), the graph opens When y = 0,
upwards. x 2  7x  9  0
When y = 0,
 7  7 2  4(1)(9)
2x 2  7 x  4  0 x
2(1)
( x  4)(2 x  1)  0
x40 or 2 x  1  0  7  13

1 2
x  4 or x
2  7  13
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and
1 2
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –4 and .
2  7  13
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + 7x – 4: .
2
Sketch the graph of y  x 2  7 x  9 :
From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 + 7x – 4  0 are

1
x  –4 or x  . From the graph, the solutions of x 2  7 x  9  0 are
2
 7  13  7  13
x or x  .
13. Consider the corresponding quadratic function 2 2
y  9  3x  2 x 2 .
y = –x2 + 6x – 3.
downwards.
When y = 0,
downwards.
9  3x  2 x 2  0 When y = 0,
 ( x  3)(2 x  3)  0  x 2  6x  3  0
x  3  0 or 2 x  3  0
 6  6 2  4(1)(3)
3 x
x  3 or x 2(1)
2
 6  24
3
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and 3. 
2 2
 3 6
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 3  6 and
3 6 .
91
Sketch the graph of y = –x2 + 6x – 3: 18. x 2  3x

x 2  3x  0
Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 – 3x.
upwards.
When y = 0,
x 2  3x  0
x( x  3)  0
x  0 or x  3  0
x3
From the graph, the solutions of –x2 + 6x – 3  0 are ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and 3.
3 6  x  3 6 . Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 3x:

y  3x 2  4 x  2 .
upwards.
Since   (4) 2  4(3)(2)  8  0 , the graph has no
x-intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y  3x 2  4 x  2 :
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x  0 (i.e. x2  3x)

are 0  x  3.
19. ( x  1) 2  25
( x  1) 2  52  0
[( x  1)  5][( x  1)  5]  0
( x  6)( x  4)  0
Consider the corresponding quadratic function
From the graph, there are no solutions for y  ( x  6)( x  4) .
3x2  4x  2  0 . Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
17. Consider the corresponding quadratic function When y = 0,
y  8  6x  9x 2 . ( x  6)( x  4)  0
Since the coefficient of x2 is 9 (< 0), the graph opens x60 or x  4  0
downwards. x  6 or x4
When y = 0, ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –6 and 4.
8  6x  9x2  0 Sketch the graph of y  ( x  6)( x  4) :
 (3 x  2)(3 x  4)  0
3x  2  0 or 3 x  4  0
2 4
x or x
3 3
2 4
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and .
3 3
Sketch the graph of y  8  6 x  9 x 2 :
From the graph, the solutions of ( x  6)( x  4)  0

(i.e. (x + 1)2  25) are x  –6 or x  4.
3 x2
20. x 
4 2
2
x 3
x 0
2 4
From the graph, the solutions of 8  6x  9x 2  0 are 2x2  4x  3  0
2 4
 x .
3 3
92
3 Inequalities
Consider the corresponding quadratic function When y = 0,

y = 2x2 + 4x + 3. x2  9x  0
x( x  9)  0
upwards.
Since  = 42 – 4(2)(3) = –8 < 0, the graph has no x  0 or x90
x-intercepts. x  9
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + 4x + 3: ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –9 and 0.
Sketch the graph of y = x2 + 9x:
From the graph, there are no solutions for

3 x2
2x 2  4x  3  0 (i.e. x    ). From the graph, the solutions of x 2  9x  0
4 2 (i.e. (x + 3)(x + 6) < 18) are –9 < x < 0.
x ( x  8) 23. ( x  2)( x  3)  ( x  3)(3x  1)

21. 1
2 ( x  2)( x  3)  ( x  3)(3x  1)  0
x( x  8)  2
( x  3)( x  2  3x  1)  0
x2  8x  2  0 ( x  3)(2 x  3)  0
( x  3)(2 x  3)  0
y  x 2  8x  2 .
y  ( x  3)(2 x  3) .
upwards.
When y = 0, Since the coefficient of x2 is 2 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
x 2  8x  2  0
When y = 0,
 (8)  (8) 2  4(1)(2) ( x  3)(2 x  3)  0
x x  3  0 or 2 x  3  0
2(1)
3
8  72 x  3 or x
 2
2
3
 43 2 ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 3.
2
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 4  3 2 and Sketch the graph of y  ( x  3)(2 x  3) :
43 2 .
Sketch the graph of y  x 2  8x  2 :
From the graph, the solutions of ( x  3)(2 x  3)  0

3
(i.e. ( x  2)( x  3)  ( x  3)(3x  1) ) are x  or x  3 .
From the graph, the solutions of x 2  8x  2  0 2
x( x  8)
(i.e.  1 ) are x  4  3 2 or x  4  3 2 . 24. ( x  4) 2  (2 x  1) 2
2
( x  4) 2  (2 x  1) 2  0
22. ( x  3)( x  6)  18 ( x  4  2 x  1)( x  4  2 x  1)  0
x2  9x  0 (3 x  5)( x  3)  0
Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 + 9x. (3x  5)( x  3)  0
upwards.
y  (3x  5)( x  3) .
upwards.
93
When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y  ( x  7)( x  1) :

(3x  5)( x  3)  0
3x  5  0 or x30
5
x or x  3
3
5
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –3 and .
3
Sketch the graph of y  (3x  5)( x  3) :
From the graph, the solutions of ( x  7)( x  1)  0

(i.e. ( x  3) 2  16 ) are 7  x  1 .
(b) ∵ x is non-negative.
From the graph, the solutions of (3x  5)( x  3)  0 ∴ The range of values of x that satisfy the
5 inequality in (a) is 0  x  1 .
(i.e. ( x  4) 2  (2 x  1) 2 ) are x  3 or x  .
3
x 
27. (a) ( x  1)  1  4  x
25. (2 x  1) 2  2 x  3 2 
4x  4x  1  2x  3
2 x2 x
  x 1  4  x
2 2
4x2  2x  4  0
x2 x
2x2  x  2  0  5 0
2 2
y = 2x2 + x + 2. x 2  x  10  0
Since the coefficient of x2 is 2 (> 0), the graph opens Consider the corresponding quadratic function
upwards. y = x2 + x – 10.
Since  = 12 – 4(2)(2) = –15 < 0, the graph has no Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
x-intercepts. upwards.
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + x + 2: When y = 0,
x 2  x  10  0
 1  12  4(1)(10)
x
2(1)
 1  41

2
 1  41
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are
2
 1  41
and .
From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 + x + 2 > 0 2
(i.e. (2x + 1)2 > 2x – 3) are all real values of x. Sketch the graph of y = x2 + x – 10:
26. (a) ( x  3) 2  16
( x  3) 2  42  0
( x  7)( x  1)  0
y  ( x  7)( x  1) .
upwards.
When y = 0,
( x  7)( x  1)  0
From the graph, the solutions of x2 + x – 10  0
x  7  0 or x  1  0
x 
x  7 or x 1 (i.e. ( x  1)  1  4  x ) are
 2 
 1  41  1  41
x .
2 2
94
3 Inequalities
 1  41 Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 2x – 63:

(b) (i) From (a), k   3.70
2
∴ Minimum value of k = –3
 1  41
(ii) From (a), k   2.70
2
∴ Maximum value of k = 2
28. (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

y = 2x2 – 5x – 12.
upwards. From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 2x – 63 < 0
When y = 0, are –7 < x < 9. …… (1)
2 x 2  5 x  12  0 (ii) 2 x   x  3
(2 x  3)( x  4)  0  x  3
2x  3  0 or x  4  0 x  3  ( 2)
3
x or x4
2 (b) (i) ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
3 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and 4. are 3  x  9 .
2
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 – 5x – 12: (ii) ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
are x > –7.
Exercise 3D (p. 3.37)

Level 1
1. ( x  1)( x  12)  0
x  1  0 x  1  0
 or 
 x  12  0  x  12  0
( x  1 and x  12) or ( x  1 and x  12)
x  12 or x  1
From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 – 5x – 12  0 are
∴ The solutions of (x + 1)(x – 12)  0 are x  –1 or
3
 x4. x  12.
2
2. x(2 x  3)  0
(b) (i) 4(1  2 y) 2  10(1  2 y )  24  0
x  0 x  0
2(1  2 y ) 2  5(1  2 y )  12  0  or 
2 x  3  0 2 x  3  0
From (a), we have  3  3
3  x  0 and x    or  x  0 and x   
  1 2y  4  2  2
2 3
5 no solutions or   x  0
  2 y  3 2
2 3
5 3 ∴ The solutions of x(2x + 3) < 0 are   x  0 .
 y 2
4 2
3 5 (2 x  5)(3  x)  0
i.e.   y  3.
2 4
2 x  5  0 2 x  5  0
3  or 
(ii)  , –1, 0 and 1 can satisfy the inequality in  3  x  0 3  x  0
2
 5   5 
(b)(i).  x  and x  3  or  x  and x  3 
 2   2 
29. (a) (i) Consider the corresponding quadratic function 5
 x3 or no solutions
y = x2 – 2x – 63. 2
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph 5
opens upwards. ∴ The solutions of (2 x  5)(3  x)  0 are  x3.
2
When y = 0,
x 2  2 x  63  0 4. x < –7 x = –7 –7 < x < 1 x = 1 x > 1
( x  7)( x  9)  0 x–1 – – – 0 +
x7 0 or x  9  0 x+7 – 0 + + +
(x – 1)(x + 7) + 0 – 0 +
x  7 or x9
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –7 and 9. From the table, the solutions of (x – 1)(x + 7) > 0 are
x < –7 or x > 1.
95
5.  x(3x  15)  0 From the table, the solutions of ( x  2)( x  6)  0

x( x  5)  0 (i.e.  x 2  4x  12  0 ) are x  2 or x  6 .
x<0 x=0 0<x<5 x=5 x>5
x – 0 + + + 11. 2 x 2  9 x  26  0
x–5 – – – 0 +
(2 x  13)( x  2)  0
x(x – 5) + 0 – 0 +
13 13 13
From the table, the solutions of x(x – 5)  0 x x  x2 x=2 x>2
2 2 2
(i.e.  x(3x  15)  0 ) are 0  x  5.
2x + 13 – 0 + + +
x–2 – – – 0 +
6. ( x  5)(11  2 x)  0 (2x + 13)(x – 2) + 0 – 0 +
11 11 11
x  5 x  5  5  x  x x From the table, the solutions of (2 x  13)( x  2)  0
2 2 2
13
x+5 – 0 + + + (i.e. 2x 2  9x  26  0 ) are x   or x  2 .
11 – 2x + + + 0 – 2
(x + 5)(11 – 2x) – 0 + 0 –
From the table, the solutions of ( x  5)(11  2 x)  0 are 12. 3x  2 x 2  9
11 2 x 2  3x  9  0
x  5 or x  .
2 (2 x  3)( x  3)  0
3 3 3
x x   x3 x=3 x>3
x 2  x  12  0 2 2 2
( x  3)( x  4)  0 2x + 3 – 0 + + +
x–3 – – – 0 +
x  3  0 x  3  0
 or  (2x + 3)(x – 3) + 0 – 0 +
 x  4  0 x  4  0
( x  3 and x  4) or ( x  3 and x  4) From the table, the solutions of (2 x  3)( x  3)  0
x4 or x  3 3
(i.e. 3x  2x 2  9 ) are   x  3 .
2
∴ The solutions of x 2  x 12  0 are x  3 or x  4 .
13. (a)  x 2  10 x  25  0
8.  2x  7 x  6  0
2
x 2  10 x  25  0
2x2  7 x  6  0 ( x  5) 2  0
( x  2)(2 x  3)  0
∵ ( x  5) 2  0 for all real values of x.
x  2  0 x  2  0
 or  ∴ There are no solutions for  x 2  10x  25  0 .
2 x  3  0 2 x  3  0
 3  3
 x  2 and x   or  x  2 and x   (b)  x 2  10 x  25  0
 2  2
3 x 2  10 x  25  0
no solutions or x2
2 ( x  5) 2  0
∴ The solutions of  2x 2  7 x  6  0 are

3
x2. ∵ ( x  5) 2  0 for all real values of x.
2 ∴ The solutions of  x 2  10x  25  0 are all real
values of x.
9. x 2  2 x  120
x 2  2 x  120  0 14. 4 x 2  12 x  9  (2 x  3) 2
( x  12)( x  10)  0 (a) ∵ (2 x  3) 2  0 holds only when 2 x  3  0 ,
 x  12  0  x  12  0 3
i.e. x   .
 or  2
 x  10  0  x  10  0
( x  12 and x  10) or ( x  12 and x  10) 3
∴ The solution of 4x 2  12x  9  0 is x   .
no solutions or  10  x  12 2
∴ The solutions of x 2  2x  120 are 10  x  12 . (b) ∵ (2 x  3) 2  0 for all real values of x except
3
10.  x  4 x  12  0
2 x .
2
x 2  4 x  12  0 ∴ The solutions of 4x 2  12x  9  0 are all real
( x  2)( x  6)  0 3
values of x except x   .
x  2 x  2 2  x  6 x = 6 x > 6 2
x+2 – 0 + + +
x–6 – – – 0 +
(x + 2)(x – 6) + 0 – 0 +
96
3 Inequalities
5 5
2 2
5 x  7  3x 2  0
15. (a) x2  5x  7  x2  5x        7
2 2 3x 2  5 x  7  0
 5 
2
 5 3
3 x 2  x   7  0
x  
 2 4  3 
 5 5 5 
2 2
3 x 2  x         7  0
(b) x2  5x  7  0  3  6   6  
2 2
 5 3  5  59
x   0 3 x    0
 2 4  6  12
2 2
 5  5
∵  x    0 for all real values of x. ∵ 3 x    0 for all real values of x.
 2  6
∴ The solutions of x2 + 5x + 7 > 0 are all real 2
 5 59
values of x. ∴ 3 x     0 for all real values of x.
 6  12
16. (a)  3x 2  6 x  8  3( x 2  2 x)  8 ∴ There are no solutions for 5x  7  3x2  0 .
 3( x 2  2 x  1  1)  8
19. 25  4 x 2  0
  3( x  1) 2  5
4 x 2  25  0
(2 x  5)(2 x  5)  0
(b)  3x 2  6 x  8  0
5 55 5 5 5
 3( x  1) 2  5  0 x x 
x x x
2 22 2 2 2
5
( x  1) 2   2x + 5 – 0 + + +
3 2x – 5 – – – 0 +
∵ (x – 1)2  0 for all real values of x. (2x + 5)(2x – 5) + 0 – 0 +
∴ There are no solutions for –3x2 + 6x – 8  0. From the table, the solutions of (2 x  5)(2 x  5)  0
5 5
(i.e. 25  4x 2  0 ) are x   or x  .
Level 2 2 2
17.  x  x  1  0
2
x 2  x 1  0 20. 9 x 2  24 x  16  (3x  4) 2
Consider the corresponding quadratic function 4
y = x2 + x – 1. ∵ (3x  4) 2  0 for all real values of x except x  .
3
When y = 0,
∴ The solutions of 9x 2  24x  16  0 are all real
 1  12  4(1)(1)
x 4
values of x except x  .
2(1) 3
1 5

2 21.  18 x 2  15 x  2  0
1 5 1 5 18 x 2  15 x  2  0
Let   and   .
2 2 (3 x  2)(6 x  1)  0
∴ x 2  x  1  ( x   )( x   ) 3 x  2  0 3 x  2  0
 or 
x < x =  <x < x= x>  6 x  1  0 6 x  1  0
x– – 0 + + +  2 1   2 1
 x  and x   or  x  and x  
x– – – – 0 +  3 6  3 6
(x  )(x – ) + 0 – 0 + 1 2
no solutions or x
From the table, the solutions of x2  x  1  0 6 3
1 5 1 5 1 2
(i.e. –x2 – x + 1 > 0) are x . ∴ The solutions of 18x 2  15x  2  0 are x .
2 2 6 3
18. For the corresponding equation 5x  7  3x 2  0 , 22. 15 x 2  16 x  7  0

  5 2  4(3)(7)  59  0 (5 x  7)(3 x  1)  0
∴ The equation has no real roots. 5 x  7  0 5 x  7  0
 or 
3 x  1  0 3 x  1  0
 7 1  7 1
 x   and x   or  x   and x  
 5 3  5 3
1 7
x or x  
3 5
97
7 x < x =  <x < x = x>

∴ The solutions of 15x 2  16x  7  0 are x   or
5 x– – 0 + + +
1 x– – – – 0 +
x . (x  )(x – ) + 0 – 0 +
3
From the table, the solutions of 2x  2x  5  0
2
23. x(23  x)  132  1 11

(i.e. 3  2 x  2( x  1)( x  1) ) are x  or
23x  x 2  132  0 2
x 2  23x  132  0  1 11
x .
( x  11)( x  12)  0 2
 x  11  0  x  11  0
 or  27. (a) y2  y  6  0
 x  12  0  x  12  0
( x  11 and x  12) or ( x  11 and x  12) ( y  3)( y  2)  0
11  x  12 or no solutions y  3  0 y  3  0
 or 
∴ The solutions of x(23 – x)  132 are 11  x  12.  y  2  0 y  2  0
( y  3 and y  2) or ( y  3 and y  2)
24. ( x  1) 2  4( x  1) y2 or y  3
( x  1) 2  4( x  1)  0 ∴ The solutions of y 2  y  6  0 are y  3 or
( x  1)( x  5)  0 y  2.
x  1  0 x  1  0
 or  (b) Let y  3x  2 .
 x  5  0 x  5  0
( x  1 and x  5) or ( x  1 and x  5) y2  y 6  0
x5 or x  1 From (a), y  3 or y  2
∴ The solutions of (x – 1)2 > 4(x – 1) are x < 1 or x > 5. 3x  2  3 or 3x  2  2
3x  5 or 3x  0
25. (2 x  1) 2  ( x  5) 2 5
x or x0
(2 x  1) 2  ( x  5) 2  0 3
( 2 x  1  x  5)(2 x  1  x  5)  0 ∴ The solutions of (3x  2) 2  (3x  2)  6  0
(3x  4)( x  6)  0 5
are x   or x  0 .
3x  4  0 3 x  4  0 3
 or 
 x  6  0 x  6  0 28. (a) ( x  1)(2 x  1)  (1  2 x)( x  2)
 4   4 
 x  and x  6  or  x  and x  6   ( x  1)(2 x  1)  ( 2 x  1)( x  2)
 3   3 
4  (2 x  1)[( x  1)  ( x  2)]
no solutions or  6  x 
3  (2 x  1)(2 x  3)
4
∴ The solutions of (2 x  1) 2  ( x  5) 2 are  6  x  .
3 (b) (i) ( x  1)(2 x  1)  (1  2 x)( x  2)  0
(2 x  1)(2 x  3)  0
26. 3  2 x  2( x  1)( x  1)
2 x  1  0 2 x  1  0
3  2 x  2( x 2  1)  or 
2 x  3  0 2 x  3  0
2x2  2x  5  0  1 3  1 3
Consider the corresponding quadratic function  x  and x    or  x  and x   
 2 2  2 2
y  2x 2  2x  5 . 3 1
When y = 0, no solutions or   x 
2 2
 2  22  4(2)(5) ∴ The solutions of
x
2(2) ( x  1)(2 x  1)  (1  2 x)( x  2)  0 are
 2  44 3 1
  x .
4 2 2
(ii) Let x  y  1 .
 1  11
 ( y  1)[2( y  1)  3]  [3  2( y  1)][( y  1)  1]  0
2
( y  1)(2 y  1)  (1  2 y )( y  2)  0
 1 11  1 11
Let   and   . 3 1
2 2 From (b)(i),   y 
2 2
∴ 2 x 2  2 x  5  ( x   )( x   )
∵ x  y 1
y  x 1
98
3 Inequalities
3 1 5. Let x be one of the positive integers, then the other

∴   x 1  positive integer is 36 – x.
2 2
1 3 x(36  x)  260
 x
2 2 x 2  36 x  260  0
( x  10)( x  26)  0
Exercise 3E (p. 3.42) 10  x  26
Level 1 ∴ The greatest possible value of x is 25.
1. (a) ∵ x2 – kx + 16 = 0 has two distinct real roots.
∴ The greatest possible value of the larger integer is 25.
∴ 0
(k ) 2  4(1)(16)  0 6. Let x be the smaller positive even number, then the larger
k 2  64  0
number is x + 2.
x 2  ( x  2) 2  130
(k  8)(k  8)  0
k  8 or k  8 2 x 2  4 x  4  130
∴ The range of values of k is k  8 or k  8 . x 2  2 x  63  0
( x  9)( x  7)  0
(b) ∵ x2 – kx + 16 = 0 has no real roots. 9  x  7
∴  0 Since x is a positive even number, the possible values of x
8  k 8 are 2, 4 and 6.
∴ The range of values of k is –8 < k < 8. ∴ The greatest possible value of the smaller number is
6.
2. ∵ – x2 + kx – k – 1 = 0 has at least one real root.
0 7. From the question,
∴
30t  5t 2  40
k 2  4(1)(k  1)  0
5t 2  30t  40  0
k 2  4k  4  0
t 2  6t  8  0
[k  (2  2 2 )][k  (2  2 2 )]  0
(t  2)(t  4)  0
k  2  2 2 or 2t4
k  22 2 ∴ The required range of values of t is 2  t  4.
∴ The range of values of k is
k  2  2 2 or k  2  2 2 . I C
2n 2  15n  80n  600
3. ∵ The graph of y  x 2  (k  1) x  (k  4) cuts the
x-axis at two distinct points. 2n  65n  600  0
2
∴ x 2  (k  1) x  (k  4)  0 has two distinct real roots. (2n  15)(n  40)  0

∴ 0 15
n  40 or n
(rejected)
[(k  1)]  4(1)(k  4)  0
2 2
∴ The minimum number of cakes to be made is 41.
k 2  2k  1  4k  16  0
k 2  2k  15  0 9. From the question,
(k  3)(k  5)  0 n(n  1)
 3003
k  3 or k  5 2
∴ The range of values of k is k  3 or k  5 . n 2  n  6006  0
(n  77)(n  78)  0
4. ∵ The graph of y  2 x 2  ( p  2) x  ( p  4) is n  77 or n  78 (rejected)
always above the x-axis. ∴ The first term that exceeds 3003 = the 78th term
∴ It has no x-intercepts. 78(78  1)
=
∴ 2 x 2  ( p  2) x  ( p  4)  0 has no real roots. 2
∴ 0 = 3081
( p  2) 2  4(2)( p  4)  0
Level 2
p 2  4 p  4  8 p  32  0
10. ∵ kx2  6x  k  8  0 has real root(s).
p 2  12 p  28  0 0
∴
( p  2)( p  14)  0
62  4(k )(k  8)  0
 2  p  14
 4k 2  32k  36  0
∴ The range of values of p is 2  p  14.
k 2  8k  9  0
(k  1)(k  9)  0
9  k 1
99
∵ k 0 ∵ Both integers are positive.

∴ The range of values of k is 9  k  0 or 0  k  1 . ∴ 0  x  15
Combining with the results, we have 0  x  3 or
11. ∵ 4x2  kx  k  12 is always positive for all real values 12  x  15 .
of x. ∴ The possible pairs of integers are 1, 14 and
∴ 4x 2  kx  k  12  0 has no real roots. 2, 13.
∴ 0 ∴ 2 pairs of integers can satisfy the given
conditions.
k 2  4(4)(k  12)  0
k 2  16k  192  0 15. ∵ x2 + (1 – k)x + 625 = 0 has at least one real root.
(k  8)(k  24)  0 ∴ 0
 8  k  24 (1  k ) 2  4(1)(625)  0
∴ The range of values of k is 8  k  24. (1  k ) 2  2500
1  k  50 or 1  k  50
12. kx2  8 x  3k  2
k  49 or k  51 ......(1)
kx  8 x  3k  2  0
2
∵ The real roots of the quadratic equation are negative.
∴ kx2  8x  3k  2  0 has no real roots. ∴ The sum of roots of the equation must be negative.
∴ 0 ∴ (1  k )  0
82  4(k )(3k  2)  0 1 k  0
 12k 2  8k  64  0 k  1 ......(2)
3k 2  2k  16  0 ∵ k must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The range of values of k is k  49.
(3k  8)(k  2)  0
8
k  2 or k  16. Value of the car after two years
3 2
 r 
∵ The graph of y  kx2  8x  3k  2 is always below  $200 0001  
 100 
the x-axis. ∵ The value of the car will not be lower than $128 000
∴ k 0
after two years.
∴ The range of values of k is k  2. 2
 r 
∴ 200 0001    128 000
13. (a) ∵ The graph of the quadratic function is always  100 
below the x-axis.  2r r2 
∴ –x2 + kx – 2k + 3 < 0 for all real values of x. 200 0001     128 000

 100 10 000 
∴ –x2 + kx – 2k + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
∴ 0 200 000  4000r  20r  128 000
2
k 2  4(1)(2k  3)  0 r 2  200r  3600  0

(r  20)(r  180)  0
k 2  8k  12  0
r  20 or r  180 (rejected)
(k  2)(k  6)  0
∴ The greatest possible value of r is 20.
2k 6
∴ The range of values of k is 2 < k < 6.
  10  2 x  2
17. (a) Area of the rectangle   x  m
(b) When k = 6, y = –x + 6x – 2(6) + 3
2
  2 
= –x2 + 6x – 9  x(5  x) m 2
∴ By the result of (a), the graph of y = –x2 + 6x – 9
is not always below the x-axis.
(b) (i) x(5  x)  6
14. (a) ∵ The sum of two integers is 15. x 2  5x  6  0
∴ The other integer 15  x
( x  2)( x  3)  0
∵ The product of two integers is less than 36.
∴ x(15  x)  36 2 x3
∴ The maximum value of x is 3.
∴ The required quadratic inequality is
(ii) When x = 2.5,
x(15  x)  36 .
enclosed area  (2.5)(5  2.5) m2
(b) x(15  x)  36  6.25 m2

15 x  x 2  36 When x = 3,
enclosed area  (3)(5  3) m2
x  15 x  36  0
2
 6 m2
( x  3)( x  12)  0
∴ The enclosed area does not attain its
x  3 or x  12
maximum when x is equal to the value
found in (b)(i).
100
3 Inequalities
24  (2 x  4) ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

18. (a) (i) Height of the rack  units
 (14  x) units x  4 .
(ii) Since lengths must be positive, we have 7. 4 x  8  3
2 x  4  0
 . 4x  5
14  x  0 5
2x  4  0 x ......(1)
4
x  2 ......(1) or 3 x  5  4
and 14  x  0 3x  9
x  14 ......(2) x  3 ......(2)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
∴ The range of values of x is 2  x  14. 5
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  .
4
(b) ∵ The area enclosed by the rack and the ground is
less than 70 sq. units. 8. Consider the corresponding quadratic function
∴ (2 x  4)(14  x)  70 y  x( x  3) .
 2 x 2  32 x  56  70 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
x 2  16 x  63  0
When y  0 ,
( x  7)( x  9)  0
x( x  3)  0
x  7 or x  9
x  0 or x  3
Combining with the result of (a), we have 2  x  7
or 9  x  14.
Sketch the graph of y  x( x  3) :
Since x is an integer, the possible values of x are 3, 4,
5, 6, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
19. (a) Area of the track  [( x  2)  x ] m

2 2 2
 (x 2  4x  4  x 2 ) m2
 (4 x  4) m 2
(b) For Judy’s assertion to be correct,

x2  4x  4
x2  4x  4  0 From the graph, the solutions of x( x  3)  0 are x  0
[ x  (2  8 )][ x  (2  8 )]  0 or x  3 .
x  2 8 (rejected) or x  2 8 9. (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

∴ The range of values of x is x > 2  8  4.83 . y  (3x  2)( x  8) .
Hence, Judy’s assertion is correct. Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
Check Yourself (p. 3.46) When y  0 ,
1. (a)  (b)  (3x  2)( x  8)  0
(c)  (d)  2
(e)  x or x  8
3
2
2. or ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and 8.
3
3. and Sketch the graph of y  (3x  2)( x  8) :
4. x  5 or x  3 ; 5  x  3
5. –12; all real values of x
6. 2 x  3  11
2 x  14
x  7 ......(1)
and 4 x  17  1
4 x  16
From the graph, the solutions of (3x  2)( x  8)  0
x  4 ......( 2)
2
are   x  8 .
3
101
x
(b) The smallest integer that satisfies the inequality in (a)
and  3  2x
2
is 0. x  6  4x
6
10. ∵ x 2  kx  (k  3) is always positive for all real x ......(2)
5
values of x.
∴ x 2  kx  (k  3)  0 has no real roots.
6
∴ 0 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  .
5
(k ) 2  4(1)(k  3)  0 Graphical representation:
k 2  4k  12  0
(k  2)(k  6)  0
2k 6
∴ The range of values of k is 2  k  6 .
5. x20
Revision Exercise 3 (p. 3.47) x  2 ......(1)
Level 1 or 3x  8  10
1. x5 0 3x  18
x  5 ......(1) x  6 ......(2)
and 2 x  7  13 ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
2x  6 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  2 .
x  3 ......(2) Graphical representation:
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3 .
6. 3( x  1)  5  7
3x  2  7
3x  9
2. 2x  3  5
x  3  ( 1 )
2x  8
or 8  5 x  2
x  4 ......(1)
 5 x  10
and 3( x  1)  4 x  2  (2)
4
x 1  ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
3 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3.
7
x ......(2) Graphical representation:
3
7
x4. 7. 9  2 x  3( x  2)
3
9  2 x  3x  6
5 x  15
x  3 ......(1)
x 11
or 4 
2 2
3. 3  2x  2  x 8  x  11
x  1  (1 ) x  3 ......(2)
and 2  x  4  3x ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
2x  2 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
x  1  (2) values of x except x = 3.
2x  6
4.  2
3
2 x  6  6
x  6 ......(1)
102
3 Inequalities
3x Sketch the graph of y  (2 x  1)(5  x) :

8.  5  2( x  3)
4
3 x  20  8 x  24
5 x  4
4
x   ......(1)
5
5  2x
or  x 1
4
5  2x  4x  4
6x  1
1 From the graph, the solutions of (2 x  1)(5  x)  0 are
x ......(2)
6 1
  x5.
4
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x   11. Consider the corresponding quadratic function
5
y = x2 – 15x + 50.
1 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
or x  .
6 upwards.
Graphical representation: When y = 0,
x 2  15 x  50  0
( x  5)( x  10)  0
x  5 or x  10
9. Consider the corresponding quadratic function Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 15x + 50:
y  ( x  4)( x  6).
upwards.
When y = 0,
( x  4)( x  6)  0
x  4 or x  6
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –6 and –4.
Sketch the graph of y  ( x  4)( x  6) :
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 15x + 50  0 are

x  5 or x  10.

y = x2 – 14x + 49.
upwards.
When y = 0,
From the graph, the solutions of ( x  4)( x  6)  0 are x 2  14 x  49  0
x  6 or x  4 . ( x  7) 2  0
x7
10. Consider the corresponding quadratic function ∴ The x-intercept of the graph is 7.
y  (2 x  1)(5  x) . Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 14x + 49:
downwards.
When y = 0,
(2 x  1)(5  x)  0
 (2 x  1)( x  5)  0
1
x or x  5
2
1
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and 5.
2
From the graph, the solution of x 2 14x  49  0 is x = 7.
103
13. Consider the corresponding quadratic function x < –9 x = –9 –9 < x < 16 x = 16 x > 16
y = –x2 + 3x – 2. x+9 – 0 + + +
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph opens x – 16 – – – 0 +
downwards. (x + 9)(x – 16) + 0 – 0 +
When y = 0,
From the table, the solutions of x2 – 7x – 144 > 0 are
 x 2  3x  2  0 x < –9 or x > 16.
 ( x  1)( x  2)  0 ∴ The solutions of –x2 + 7x + 144 < 0 are x < –9 or
x  1 or x  2 x > 16.
Sketch the graph of y = –x2 + 3x – 2: 18. For the corresponding equation  x2  6x  10  0 ,
  62  4(1)(10)  4  0
 x 2  6 x  10  0
x 2  6 x  10  0
x 2  6 x  9  9  10  0
( x  3) 2  1  0
∵ ( x  3) 2  0 for all real values of x.
∴ ( x  3)2  1  0 for all real values of x.
From the graph, the solutions of –x2 + 3x – 2 > 0 are
1 < x < 2. ∴ There are no solutions for  x2  6x  10  0 .

y = 2x2 – 5x + 4. 19. 2x 2  5x  2  0
Since the coefficient of x2 is 2 (> 0), the graph opens (2 x  1)( x  2)  0
upwards.
2 x  1  0 2 x  1  0
Since   (5)2  4(2)(4)  7( 0) , the graph has no  or 
 x  2  0 x  2  0
x-intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 – 5x + 4:  1   1 
 x  and x  2  or  x  and x  2 
 2   2 
1
x2 or no solutions
2
1
∴ The solutions of 2x2 – 5x + 2  0 are x2.
2
20. 5 x 2  3x  36  0
(5 x  12)( x  3)  0
12 12 12
x x   x3
From the graph, there are no solutions for 5 5 5
2x2 – 5x + 4 < 0. 5x + 12 – 0 +
x–3 – – –
15. x 2  11x  26  0 (5x + 12)(x – 3) + 0 –
( x  13)( x  2)  0
 x  13  0  x  13  0 x=3 x>3
 or  5x + 12 + +
 x  2  0 x  2  0 x–3 0 +
( x  13 and x  2) or ( x  13 and x  2) (5x + 12)(x – 3) 0 +
x2 or x  13
From the table, the solutions of 5x2 – 3x – 36 < 0 are
∴ The solutions of x + 11x – 26 > 0 are x < –13 or
2
12
x > 2.   x 3.
5
1
16. x 2  16 x  64  ( x  8)2 21. (a) x  3  (5 x  3)
3
∵ ( x  8)2  0 for all real values of x except x  8 . 3x  9  5 x  3
∴ The solutions of x2  16x  64  0 are all real 12  2 x
values of x except x  8 . x6
17.  x 2  7 x  144  0 (b) ∵ x must satisfy both x < 6 and –8  x  8.

x  7 x  144  0
2 ∴ The range of values of x is –8  x < 6.
( x  9)( x  16)  0
104
3 Inequalities
x 1 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

22. (a) 3 25
x 1 21 < x  29.
5 7 ∴ The possible values of x are 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
2
10  x  1  14 and 29.
11  x  15 26. ∵ George can enjoy the reduced admission fee if his
age is under 10 or his age is 60 or above.
(b) Since x is an odd integer, the possible values of x are
∴ 7  x  10 or 7  x  60
11 and 13.
x  3 or x  53
1  2x ∵ x must be non-negative.
23. (a) 3
2 ∴ The range of values of x is 0  x  3 or x  53 .
1  2x  6
 2x  5 27. ∵ x2 + (k + 1)x – 2(k + 1) = 0 has real roots.
∴ 0
5
x  ( 1 ) (k  1) 2  4(1)[2(k  1)]  0
2
1  2x k 2  2 k  1  8k  8  0
or x
2 k 2  10k  9  0
1  2x  2x (k  9)(k  1)  0
1  4x k  9 or k  1
1 ∴ The range of values of k is k  –9 or k  –1.
x  ( 2)
4
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). 28. ∵ The quadratic graph y = –x2 + 2kx – k is always
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are below the x-axis.
5 1 ∴ It has no x-intercepts.
x   or x  .
2 4 ∴ –x2 + 2kx – k = 0 has no real roots.
Graphical representation: ∴ 0
(2k ) 2  4(1)(k )  0
4k 2  4k  0
4k (k  1)  0
(b) –5, –3, –2.5, 2.5 and 3 0  k 1
∴ The range of values of k is 0  k  1 .
( x  1)( x  1)
24. (a) 4
2 29. Let x be the smaller integer, then the larger integer is x + 5.
x2 1  8 x( x  5)  336
x2  9  0 x 2  5 x  336  0
( x  3)( x  3)  0 ( x  21)( x  16)  0
x  3 x  3 3  x  3 x3 x3 x  21 (rejected) or x  16
x+3 – 0 + + + ∴ The least possible value of the smaller integer is 16.
x–3 – – – 0 +
(x + 3)(x – 3) + 0 – 0 + 30. From the question,
( x  1)( x  1) x(20 x  15)  380
From the table, the solutions of  4 are
2 20 x 2  15 x  380  0
x  3 or x  3 . 4 x 2  3x  76  0
(b) ∵ x is a positive integer. (4 x  19)( x  4)  0
∴ x>3 19
x (rejected) or x4
∴ The least value of x is 4. 4
∴ The range of values of x is x > 4.
(x + 25) – 4  2(x – 4) and (x + 25) + 4 < 2(x + 4)  40  2 x 
( x  25)  4  2( x  4)
31. (a) The width of the rectangle is   cm,
 2 
x  21  2 x  8 i.e. (20 – x) cm.
x  29  (1 )
and ( x  25)  4  2( x  4)
x  29  2 x  8
x  21  (2)
105
(b) ∵ The area of the rectangle is at least 96 cm2. x  1 3  4x

34. 
∴ x(20  x)  96 3 5
20 x  x 2  96 5( x  1)  3(3  4 x)
x 2  20 x  96  0 5 x  5  9  12 x
( x  8)( x  12)  0 17 x  4
8  x  12 ......(1) x
4
......(1)
Since the length must be greater than or equal to the 17
width,  x8
and 3   5x  0
x  20  x  4 
x  10 ......(2) 3( x  8)  20 x  0
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 3 x  24  20 x  0
∴ The range of values of x is 10  x  12 . 17 x  24
24
Level 2 x ......(2)
5( x  2)  2( x  1) 17
32.
5 x  10  2 x  2 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
3x  12 24
are x  .
x  4 ......(1) 17
2x  3 x  2 Graphical representation:
and 
3 2
2(2 x  3)  3( x  2)
4 x  6  3x  6
x  12 ......(2)
2 x  1 3( x  1)
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 35.  1
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 3 2
x < –12. 2(2 x  1)  9( x  1)  6
Graphical representation: 4x  2  9x  9  6
5 x  17
17
x ......(1)
5
x 1 x x 1
x
 1  3(2  x) or  
33. 2 3 4
3
x  3  9(2  x) 6( x  1)  4 x  3( x  1)
x  3  18  9 x 6 x  6  4 x  3x  3
10 x  15 x  9 ......(2)
3
x ......(1) ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
2
values of x.
x6
or 2x  5  Graphical representation:
9
18 x  45  x  6
17 x  51
x  3 ......(2)
1  2x 1  2x
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). 36. (a)  1
6 3
3
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  1  2 x  2(1  2 x)  6
2
or x  3 . 1  2x  2  4x  6
x ......(1)
6
and 4( 2  x)  7  3 x
8  4 x  7  3x
x  1  (2)
x  –1.
106
3 Inequalities
(b) 3 x  6  0 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 ( > 0), the graph opens

x2 upwards.
When y = 0,
∵ x must satisfy x  2 or x  1 .
∴ The range of values of x is x  –1 or x  2 . x 2  5 x  10  0
 5  5 2  4(1)(10)
3  2x x 1 x x
37. (a)   1 2(1)
4 3 2
3(3  2 x)  4 x  12  6(1  x)  5  65

2
9  6 x  4 x  12  6  6 x
 5  65
3  4x ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and
2
3
x  ( 1 )  5  65
4 .
3(1  3x) 2
or  11  3x Sketch the graph of y  x 2  5 x  10 :
2
3(1  3x)  22  6 x
3  9 x  22  6 x
 19  3x
19
x  (2)
3
19 3
x or x  .
3 4
From the graph, the solutions of x 2  5x 10  0
(b) 5 x  4  0  5  65  5  65
(i.e. x( x  5)  10 ) are x  or x  .
4 2 2
x
5
40. 4 x( x  3)  9
4
∵ x must satisfy both x  and 4 x  12 x  9  0
2
5
 19 3 (2 x  3) 2  0
x   or x   .
 3 4
∵
3
(2 x  3)2  0 for all real values of x except x .
4 2
∴ The range of values of x is x  . ∴ The solutions of 4 x( x  3)  9 are all real values of x
5
3
except x  .
38. (a) (i) 5  4  y  2 2
1   y  6
1  y  6 41. x(5 x  4)  2 x(5 x  4)
0  ( 2 x  x)(5 x  4)
2x  1
(ii) 3 8 x(5 x  4)  0
5
15  2 x  1  40 Consider the corresponding quadratic function
y  x(5 x  4) .
16  2 x  41
8  x  20.5 upwards.
When y = 0,
(b) (i) Maximum value of x + y  20.5  6 x(5 x  4)  0
 26.5 4
x  0 or x 
Minimum value of x + y  8  1 5
7 4
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and .
(ii) Maximum value of x – y  20.5  (1) 5
 21.5
Minimum value of x – y  8  6
2
39. x( x  5)  10
x 2  5 x  10  0
y  x 2  5 x  10 .
107
Sketch the graph of y  x(5 x  4) : Sketch the graph of y  ( x  2)( x  4) :
From the graph, the solutions of x(5 x  4)  0 From the graph, the solutions of ( x  2)( x  4)  0
4
(i.e. x(5 x  4)  2 x(5 x  4) ) are x  0 or x  . (i.e. (2 x  4)( x  1)  ( x  2)2 ) are 2  x  4 .
5
44. (2 x  3)(2 x  3)  4 x  6
42. ( x  3) 2  3( x  3) (2 x  3)(2 x  3)  2(2 x  3)  0
( x  3) 2  3( x  3)  0 (2 x  3)(2 x  3  2)  0
( x  3)[( x  3)  3]  0 (2 x  3)(2 x  5)  0
( x  3)( x  6)  0 Consider the corresponding quadratic function
Consider the corresponding quadratic function y  (2 x  3)(2 x  5) .
y  ( x  3)( x  6) . Since the coefficient of x2 is 4 ( > 0), the graph opens
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 ( > 0), the graph opens upwards.
upwards. When y = 0,
When y = 0, (2 x  3)(2 x  5)  0
( x  3)( x  6)  0 3 5
x   or x 
x  3 or x  6 2 2
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 6. 3 5
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are  and .
Sketch the graph of y  ( x  3)( x  6) : 2 2
Sketch the graph of y  (2 x  3)(2 x  5) :
From the graph, the solutions of ( x  3)( x  6)  0

From the graph, the solutions of (2 x  3)(2 x  5)  0
(i.e. ( x  3) 2  3( x  3) ) are x  3 or x  6 .
3 5
(i.e. (2 x  3)(2 x  3)  4 x  6 ) are   x  .
43. (2 x  4)( x  1)  ( x  2) 2 2 2
2( x  2)( x  1)  ( x  2) 2 45. (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

0  ( x  2)  2( x  2)( x  1)
2 y = –5x2 – 14x + 3.
0  ( x  2)( x  2  2 x  2) downwards.
0  ( x  2)( x  4) When y = 0,
( x  2)( x  4)  0  5 x 2  14 x  3  0
Consider the corresponding quadratic function  ( x  3)(5 x  1)  0
y  ( x  2)( x  4) . 1
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens x  3 or x 
5
upwards.
1
When y = 0, ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –3 and .
( x  2)( x  4)  0 5
x  2 or x  4
108
3 Inequalities
Sketch the graph of y = –5x2 – 14x + 3: ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
2 < x < 3 or 4 < x < 5.
48. (a) Number of $10 coins = 120 – x

x
∴ 120  x  and 5 x  10(120  x)  1000
2
x
(b) (i) 120  x 
2
3x
From the graph, the solutions of –5x2 – 14x + 3 > 0 120 
2
1 x  80  ( 1 )
are  3  x  .
5
and 5 x  10(120  x)  1000
5 x  1200  10 x  1000
(b) 5(2 y  3) 2  14(2 y  3)  3  0
200  5 x  0
 5(2 y  3) 2  14(2 y  3)  3  0
x  40  (2)
From (a), we have
1
 3  2y  3  ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
5
are 40 < x < 80.
16
0  2y  (ii) The maximum number of $5 coins is 79.
5 ∴ The minimum total amount of money in the
8 bag
0 y
5  79  $5  (120  79)  $10
 $805
3x  7
46.  2
5 49. (a) Number of cows = 2000 – x
3x  7  10 ∴ 500  x – (2000 – x)  600 and 2000 – x  720
3x  3
x  1  (1 ) (b) 500  x  (2000  x)  600
or ( x  2)  3( x  8)
2 500  2 x  2000  600
x  4 x  4  3 x  24
2 2500  2 x  2600
1250  x  1300 ......(1)
x 2  x  20  0
and 2000  x  720
( x  5)( x  4)  0
x  1280  (2)
x  5  0 x  5  0
 or  ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
x  4  0 x  4  0 ∴ The range of values of x is 1280  x  1300.
( x  5 and x  4) or ( x  5 and x  4)
Maximum number of sheep = 1300
x4 or x  5  (2) ∴ Minimum number of cows = 2000 – 1300 = 700
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  –5 50. Distance travelled by David = t(t + 400) m
or x > –1. Distance travelled by Paul = t(t + 300) m
∴ 7200  t (t  400)  t (t  300)  8000
47.  12  x 2  7 x 7200  2t 2  700t  8000
x 2  7 x  12  0 3600  t 2  350t  4000
( x  3)( x  4)  0 3600  t 2  350t
x  3  0 x  3  0 t  350t  3600  0
2
 or 
 x  4  0 x  4  0 (t  360)(t  10)  0
( x  3 and x  4) or ( x  3 and x  4)
t  360 or t  10  (1 )
x4 or x  3  (1 ) and
and x 2  7 x  10 t 2  350t  4000
x  7 x  10  0
2
t  350t  4000  0
2
( x  2)( x  5)  0 [t  (175  5 1385 )][t  (175  5 1385 )]  0

x  2  0 x  2  0
 or   175  5 1385  t  175  5 1385
 x  5  0 x  5  0  361.1  t  11.1 (cor. to 1 d. p.)  (2)
( x  2 and x  5) or ( x  2 and x  5)
∵ t is non-negative and must satisfy both (1) and (2).
2 x5 or no solutions  (2)
∴ The range of values of t is 10  t  11.1.
109
51. (a) C = 180° – A – B ( sum of △) 53. (a) f ( x)  g ( x)

= 180° – (2x° – 18°) – (x° + 30°) x  1  x 2  2(k  1) x  2k
= 168° – 3x°
x 2  (2k  1) x  (1  2k )  0
(b) (i) Since A, B and C must be positive, we ∵ x2 + (2k + 1)x + (1 – 2k) > 0 for all real values of
have x.
A > 0° and B > 0° and C > 0° ∴ x2 + (2k + 1)x + (1 – 2k) = 0 has no real roots.
i.e. 2x – 18 > 0 and x + 30 > 0 and ∴ 0
168 – 3x > 0
2 x  18  0 (2k  1) 2  4(1)(1  2k )  0
(ii)
2 x  18 4k 2  12k  3  0
x  9  (1 )   
k   3  2 3  k   3  2 3   0
and x  30  0  2   2 
  
x  30  (2)
32 3 3 2 3
and 168  3 x  0 k
2 2
168  3x ∴ The range of values of k is
x  56  (3)
32 3 3 2 3
∵ x must satisfy (1), (2) and (3). k .
2 2
∴ The range of values of x is
9 < x < 56. …… (4) (b) From (a), we have
Since ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle, 3 2 3 3 2 3
(c) (i) k
A > 90° or B > 90° or C > 90° 2 2
i.e. 2x – 18 > 90 or x + 30 > 90 or  3.2  k  0.2 (cor. to1 d.p.)
168 – 3x > 90 Since k is an integer, the possible values of k are
(ii) Consider ‘2x – 18 > 90 or x + 30 > 90 or –3, –2, –1 and 0.
168 – 3x > 90’. ……(*)
2 x  18  90
54. ∵ 3 x  2 and 6x 2  7 x  24 are two real
2 x  108
numbers.
x  54  (5) ∴ 3x – 2  0 and 6x2 + 7x – 24  0
or x  30  90 3x  2  0
x  60  (6) 2
x ......(1)
or 168  3 x  90 3
 3 x  78 and 6 x 2  7 x  24  0
x  26  ( 7 ) (3x  8)(2 x  3)  0
∵ x must satisfy (5), (6) or (7). 8 3
∴ The solutions of (*) are x or x  ...... (2)
3 2
x < 26 or x > 54. …… (8) ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∵ x must satisfy both (4) and (8). 3
∴ The range of values of x is 9 < x < 26 or ∴ The range of values of x is x  .
2
54 < x < 56.
55. (a) Radius of the circular playground
52. ∵ The quadratic graph of y  kx2  (k  3) x  (2k  3) is 4x
always above the x-axis.  m
2
∴ k must be positive, i.e. k  0 and the quadratic  2x m
graph has no x-intercepts. Area of the jogging track
∴ kx2  (k  3) x  (2k  3)  0 has no real roots.  [ (2 x  2) 2   ( 2 x) 2 ] m 2
∴ 0
 [ (4 x 2  8 x  4)  4x 2 ] m 2
(k  3)  4k (2k  3)  0
2
 4(2 x  1) m 2
k 2  6k  9  8k 2  12k  0
7 k 2  18k  9  0 (b) (i) Area of the playground  area of the jogging
(7 k  3)(k  3)  0 track
3  (2 x) 2  4(2 x  1)
k  or k  3 (rejected )
7 x2  2x  1
3 x2  2x  1  0
∴ The range of values of k is k  .
7
[ x  (1  2 )][ x  (1  2 )]  0
x  1  2 (rejected) or x  1 2
∴ The range of values of x is x  1 2 .
110
3 Inequalities
(ii) 1  2  2.4142 3. Answer: B

1  2x  5  7
∴ x  2.4142
If the diameter of the playground is 10 m, 6  2 x  12
10 3  x  6 ......(1)
x  2.5
4 x3 ......(2)
∴ The diameter of the playground can be ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
10 m. ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3 .
56. (a) Total surface area of the cuboid
4. Answer: B
 [2(r )(r )  4(r )(r  2)] cm 2 3x  1
 4x  3
 (6r 2  8r ) cm 2 2
3x  1  8 x  6
(b) From the question, x  1 ......(1)
6r 2  8r  3950 and 5  x  7  x
3r 2  4r  1975  0 2 x  2
(3r  79)(r  25)  0 x  1 ......(2)
79 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
  r  25 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
3
∵ r>0 1  x  1.
∴ The range of values of r is 0  r  25 . ∴ The possible integral values of x are –1 and 0.
∴ There are 2 integral values of x.
57. (a) Number of beads required to construct the nth pattern
 n2 5. Answer: D
From the graph of y   x 2  x , the solutions of
(b) ∵ n2  2304  x 2  x  0 are x  0 or x  1 .
∴  2304  n  2304 6. Answer: A

i.e. 48  n  48 6 x 2  5x  1  0
∵ n is a positive integer.
( x  1)(6 x  1)  0
∴ 1  n  48
∴ The largest possible pattern is the 48th pattern. x  1  0 x  1  0
 or 
6 x  1  0 6 x  1  0
58. (a) From the question,  1  1
x 2  ( x  2)( x  1)  46  x  1 and x   or  x  1 and x  
 6  6
x 2  ( x 2  3 x  2)  46 1
1  x  or no solutions
2 x 2  3 x  44  0 6
(2 x  11)( x  4)  0 1
∴ The solutions of 6x 2  5x  1  0 are  1  x  .
11 6
x (rejected) or x  4
2
∴ The range of values of x is x  4. 7. Answer: B
∵ –5 is a root of 2x 2  kx  5  0 .
(b) Minimum length of the wire ∴  2(5) 2  k (5)  5  0
= [4 × 4 + 2 × (6 + 5)] cm
 50  5k  5  0
= 38 cm
5k  45
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 3.51) k  9
1. Answer: C ∴  2x2  9x  5  0
2. Answer: A  (2 x 2  9 x  5)  0
1  3x  5 (2 x  1)( x  5)  0
3x  6 1
5 x 
x  2 (1) 2
or 2 x  1  3 ∴ The solutions of  2x2  kx  5  0 are
2x  2 1
5 x  .
x  1  ( 2) 2
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  1 . 8. Answer: D
∵ The graph of y  9 x 2  kx  1 has no x-intercepts.
∴ 9x 2  kx  1  0 has no real roots.
111
∴ 0 2. 2(log 1 x) 2  9 log 1 x  9  0

k  4(9)(1)  0
2 2 2
(2 log 1 x  3)(log 1 x  3)  0
k  36
2
2 2
6 k 6  3  log 1 x  1.5
2
9. Answer: C 1 1
x 2  x  5  k ( x  2)  3 log   log x  1.5 log 
2 2
x  x  5  kx  2k  0
2
log 8  log x  log 8
x  (1  k ) x  2k  5  0
2
8 x8
∵ x 2  (1  k ) x  2k  5  0 for all real values of x. ∴ The greatest value of x, i.e. h, is 8.
∴ x 2  (1  k ) x  2k  5  0 has no real roots.
∴ 0 Exam Focus
(1  k ) 2  4(1)(2k  5)  0
Exam-type Questions (p. 3.54)
k 2  2k  1  8k  20  0
k 2  10k  21  0 1. Answer: A
(k  3)(k  7)  0 For I:
From the figure, we know that the graph of
3 k 7
y  ax2  bx  c opens downwards.
10. Answer: D ∴ a0
x  2  0 1
 0
Since lengths must be positive, we have  .
2 x  0
a
By considering the sum of roots of the equation, we have
x20
b
x  2 ......(1) 1 d    0
a
and 2 x  0 1 b
x  0 ......(2) ∵   0 and   0
a a
∴ Combining the results, x  0 ......(3) . ∴ b0
By the triangle inequality, Therefore, I must be true.
( x  2)  2 x  20 For II:
3x  18 By considering the product of roots of the equation, we
have
x  6 ......(4)
c
( x  2)  20  2 x  1 d 
a
x  22 ......(5) ad  c  0
∵ x must satisfy (3), (4) and (5). Therefore, II must be true.
∴ The range of values of x is 6  x  22. For III:
From the figure, we know that the graph of
HKMO (p. 3.52) y  ax2  bx  c is below the x-axis when x  1 or
1. log 1 (2 x  1)  log 1 ( x  1) xd.
4 2
∴ The solutions of the inequality ax2  bx  c  0 are
log( 2 x  1) log( x  1)
 x  1 or x  d .
1 1
log log Therefore, III must be false.
4 2 ∴ The answer is A.
log( 2 x  1) log( x  1)

1 1 2. Answer: A
2 log log
2 2 7x  2  x  3
log( 2 x  1) 6 x  1
 log( x  1)
2 1
log( 2 x  1)  2 log( x  1) x ......(1)
6
log( 2 x  1)  log( x  1) 2 x 1
and 4
∴ 2 x  1  ( x  1) 2 3
2x 1  x2  2x 1 x  1  12
x2  4x  0 x  13 ......(2)
x ( x  4)  0 ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
0 x4
1
∴ The maximum value of x is 3.   x  13 .
6
∴ –1 is not a solution of the compound inequality.
112
3 Inequalities
2
a
3. Answer: A b  2   4
4
∵ The solutions of x2  2x  m  0 are x  n or 2
x2.  8
b  2   4
2  4 
∴ n2 b  8  4
1
n  2  2 b4
n4
m C : y  2 x 2  8 x  4 ......(1)
( n)( 2)  (b) 
1  L : y  kx  4 ......(2)
( 4)( 2)  m By substituting (2) into (1), we have
m  8 kx  4  2 x 2  8 x  4
2 x 2  (8  k ) x  8  0 ......(3)
4. Answer: D ∵ L does not intersect C.
3
∵ The quadratic equation 2 x 2  kx  k  has only ∴  of (3)  0
2
complex roots. [(8  k )]2 4(2)(8)  0
3 64  16k  k 2  64  0
∴ 2 x 2  kx  k  has no real roots.
2 k (k  16)  0
∴ 0  16  k  0
 3 ∴ k cannot be a positive number.
k 2  4(2) k    0 ∴ Tony’s claim is agreed.
 2
k  8k  12  0
2
7. (a) P(n)  abn

(k  2)(k  6)  0
P(1)  ab1  2.75 ......(1)
2k 6
∴ The range of values of k is 2  k  6 . P(2)  ab 2  3.025 ......(2)
( 2) ab 2 3.025
5x  3 : 
5. (a)  3( x  2) (1) ab 2.75
2 b  1 .1
5 x  3  6( x  2)
By substituting b = 1.1 into (1), we have
5 x  3  6 x  12 a(1.1)  2.75
x  15 ......(1) 5
a
2
(b) 3 x  7  2
 3x  9
(b) P(n)  10
x  3 ......( 2)
5
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). (1.1) n  10
2
(1.1) n  4
x  15 .
∴ There are 14 negative integers satisfying the n log1.1  log 4
compound inequality. log 4
n
log1.1
6. (a) y  2 x 2  ax  b n  14.5451
 a a a 
2 2 In the 15th year, company X will start making a profit
 2 x 2  x         b exceeding $10 million.
 2  4   4  
2 2
 a a
 2 x    b  2 
 4 4
∵ The coordinates of the vertex C are (2, –4).
a
∴  2
4
a  8
113
Investigation Corner (p. 3.56)
(a) (i) DE  AB  10 (opp. sides of //gram)

BE  AD  20 (opp. sides of //gram)
∴ EC  BC  BE
 40  20
 20
(ii) DE  EC  10  20
 30
 DC
∴ By the triangle inequality, DE, EC and DC
cannot form a triangle.
(b) (i) Refer to the notations in the figure.
By the triangle inequality,

p  (s  r )  q
sr q p
and p  q  s  r
Combining the results, we have
q p  s r  pq
(ii)
Parallel Remaining
Choice sides sides q–p s–r p+q
r s p q
A 10 20 30 40 10 10 70
B 10 30 20 40 20 20 60
C 10 40 20 30 10 30 50
D 20 30 10 40 30 10 50
E 20 40 10 30 20 20 40
F 30 40 10 20 10 10 30
(iii) Choice C satisfies the inequality in (b)(i), and the
lengths of the parallel sides are 10 and 40.
114

3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

3 Inequalities

Review Exercise 3 (p. 3.5)

Warm-Up Activity (p. 3.7)

Activity 3.1 (p. 3.23)

below negative –3 < x < 1

(b) 3  x  1 x  3 and x  2 nil no solutions

Activity 3.2 (p. 3.33)

– 0 + + + Classwork (p. 3.14)

3. (a) x < 3 or x > 2

(b) 3 < x < 2 x  5 or x  4

Quick Practice 3.3 (p. 3.11)

Quick Practice 3.5 (p. 3.16) ∴ The compound inequality is

Quick Practice 3.8 (p. 3.19)

Quick Practice 3.7 (p. 3.18)

From the graph, there are no solutions for  x 2  x 1  0 .

(b) From the graph, the solutions of  x 2  x 1  0 are all real

Quick Practice 3.16 (p. 3.35)  1

 2x 2  x  1  0 ∵ 2 x    0 for all real values of x.

Quick Practice 3.21 (p. 3.41) 3. 2( x  1)  x  6

Further Practice (p. 3.36) Graphical representation:

and 2(2  x)  11  x ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). 2x  1 x  1

(b) The largest possible integer that satisfies the

6 x x ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

Exercise 3B (p. 3.19) ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

x 13. From the question,

14. From the question,

Level 2 ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

Graphical representation: ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

x 1  x Minimum area of the triangle 

(b) (i) x  100  x (b) From the graph, the solutions of 2x 2  9x  4  0

Exercise 3C (p. 3.28)

When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y = 16 – x2:

From the graph, the solutions of 16 – x2 > 0 are –4 < x < 4.

9. Consider the corresponding quadratic function

8. Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = 16 – x2.

11. Consider the corresponding quadratic function

When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y  9  3x  2 x 2 :

From the graph, the solutions of 9  3x  2x 2  0 are

From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 + 7x – 4  0 are

Sketch the graph of y = –x2 + 6x – 3: 18. x 2  3x

16. Consider the corresponding quadratic function

From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x  0 (i.e. x2  3x)

From the graph, the solutions of ( x  6)( x  4)  0

Consider the corresponding quadratic function When y = 0,

From the graph, there are no solutions for

x ( x  8) 23. ( x  2)( x  3)  ( x  3)(3x  1)

From the graph, the solutions of ( x  3)(2 x  3)  0

When y = 0, Sketch the graph of y  ( x  7)( x  1) :

From the graph, the solutions of ( x  7)( x  1)  0

 1  41 Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 2x – 63:

28. (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

Exercise 3D (p. 3.37)

5.  x(3x  15)  0 From the table, the solutions of ( x  2)( x  6)  0

∴ The solutions of  2x 2  7 x  6  0 are

18. For the corresponding equation 5x  7  3x 2  0 , 22. 15 x 2  16 x  7  0

7 x < x =  <x < x = x>

23. x(23  x)  132  1 11

3 1 5. Let x be one of the positive integers, then the other

∴ x 2  (k  1) x  (k  4)  0 has two distinct real roots. (2n  15)(n  40)  0

∵ k 0 ∵ Both integers are positive.

k 2  4(1)(2k  3)  0 r 2  200r  3600  0

(b) x(15  x)  36  6.25 m2