3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

3 Inequalities
3 Inequalities
7.
Review Exercise 3 (p. 3.5)
1. (a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
2. (a) (b)
(c) (d)
3. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.
Graphical representation:
5.
6.
73
NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 5A Full Solutions
Graphical representation: 14. (a) Since the coefficient of x2 is 8 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
(b) When y = 0,
8.
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is .
Activity
Warm-Up Activity (p. 3.7)

9.
(a) 6 7 8 9 10
(b) 8 9 10
(c) 8 9 10
Graphical representation: Activity 3.1 (p. 3.23)
1.
2. (a)
Values of y
Above/below Range of
(positive/
10. the x-axis values of x
negative)
above positive x < –3
∴ The graph of has two x- below negative –3 < x < 1

intercepts.
above positive x>1
11. (b) (i) or

(ii)
∴ The graph of has no x- 3. (a) or

intercepts.
(b)
12. (a) Activity 3.2 (p. 3.33)
1. ; ;
2.
(b) When y = 0,
x < –3 –3 < x < 2 x>2
– 0 + + +
– – – 0 +
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 3 and 2.
+ 0 – 0 +
13. (a) Since the coefficient of x is 3 (< 0), the graph opens
2
downwards. 3. (a) x < 3 or x > 2
(b) When y = 0, (b) 3 < x < 2
(c) x  3 or x  2
(d) 3  x  2
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 3.
74
3 Inequalities
Maths Dialogue Solutions of the compound inequality

Compound
Algebraic
inequality Graphical representation
representation
Maths Dialogue (p. 3.35)
Yes. We can use the graphical method or the algebraic methods
learnt to solve the inequality. x>3
Classwork
Classwork (p. 3.9)

Compound Graphical representations
Inequality of the two linear inequalities
all real values

of x
Classwork (p. 3.25)

(a)
(b)
Solutions of the compound inequality (c)

Compound
Algebraic
inequality Graphical representation
representation
Classwork (p. 3.31)
(a) or
x>4
(b) or
(c) or
Classwork (p. 3.34)

(a)
nil no solutions
(b)
(c) or
(d) or
Quick Practice
Classwork (p. 3.14)
Compound Graphical representations
inequality of the two linear inequalities Quick Practice 3.1 (p. 3.10)
and
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  2.
75
Graphical representation: Quick Practice 3.5 (p. 3.16)
Quick Practice 3.2 (p. 3.10)
or
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

and
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
or .
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2). Graphical representation:
∴ The compound inequality has no solutions.
(a)
(a)
and
or

.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real
(b) The largest possible integer that satisfies the compound values of x except .
inequality in (a) is 3. Graphical representation:
(b) From (a), the solutions of the compound inequality must

satisfy both ‘all real values of x except ’ and
or , i.e. .
.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are . Quick Practice 3.7 (p. 3.18)
Graphical representation: (a) Alan works x hours and Bill works hours.
∵ Bill’s working hours are at least 20%
longer than Alan’s (x).
∴
∵ Alan and Bill get hourly wages of $65 and $50

respectively, and their total wage will be more than
76
3 Inequalities
$13 500. ∴ The compound inequality is

∴ ‘ and
’.
(b)
and

∵ x must be an integer.
∴ The greatest possible number of hours Alan worked is
109.

John is x cm tall and Charles is cm tall.
∵ If both of them are 10 cm taller, at least one of them can
ride the roller coaster.
∴ The compound inequality is ‘ or
’.
or
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2), and x must be positive.

∴ The range of values of x is or .

Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 – 3x – 10.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
y = x2 – 3x – 10 opens upwards.
When y = 0,
Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 3x – 10:
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x – 10 < 0 are

.
77
Quick Practice 3.10 (p. 3.26) Quick Practice 3.12 (p. 3.28)
Consider the corresponding quadratic function (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function
. .
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph of Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph of
opens downwards. opens downwards.
When y = 0, Consider .
∴ The graph has no x-intercepts.

Sketch the graph of :
From the graph, there are no solutions for

.
(b) From the graph, the solutions of are all

From the graph, the solutions of are real values of x.
or . Quick Practice 3.13 (p. 3.32)

(a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function
.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 9 (> 0), the graph of
opens upwards. ∴ The solutions of are
When y = 0,
.
∴ The solutions of –x2 + x + 20 < 0 are x < –4 or x > 5.
x < –3 x = –3 –3 < x < 8 x=8 x>8

x+3 – 0 + + +
x–8 – – – 0 +
From the graph, there are no solutions for (x + 3)(x  8) + 0 – 0 +
. From the table, the solutions of are
or .
(b) From the graph, the solutions of are
all real values of x. Quick Practice 3.16 (p. 3.35)
78
3 Inequalities
x< x=
<x ∵ for all real values of x.
x=1 x>1
<1
2x + 1 – 0 + + + ∴ for all real values of x.
x–1 – – – 0 +
(2x + 1)(x – 1) + 0 – 0 +
∴ There are no solutions for .
From the table, the solutions of are
. (a) ∵ The quadratic graph
∴ The solutions of are . is always below the x-axis.

∴ It has no x-intercepts.
∴ has no real roots.
(a) ∵ for all real values of x except ∴

.
∴ The solutions of are all real values
of x except .
(b) ∵ for all real values of x . ∴ The range of values of k is

(b) ∵ is always positive for all real
Quick Practice 3.18 (p. 3.37) values
(a) For the corresponding equation , of x.
∴ The equation has no real roots.
∴
∴ The range of values of k is

(a) Since lengths must be positive, we have
∵ for all real values of x. .
∴ for all real values of x.
∴ The solutions of are all real

and
values of x.
(b) For the corresponding equation ,
∴ The range of values of x is
∴ The equation has no real roots. (b) ∵ The area of the triangle is greater than 17 cm 2.
Combining with the result of (a), we have

Since x is an integer, the smallest possible value of x is 10.
79

(a)
(b) For Matthew’s claim to be correct,
Since x > 11, the area of the path cannot be greater than
that of the garden.
Hence, Matthew’s claim is incorrect.
Further Practice
Further Practice (p. 3.17)

1.
or

or .
2.
and

.
80
3 Inequalities
.
3.
Further Practice (p. 3.36)

1. (a)
and
∴ The solutions of y2 + 4y – 32 > 0 are y < –8 or

y > 4.
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2). (b) Let y = x – 2.
From (a), x – 2 < –8 or x – 2 > 4

4.
∴ The solutions of
are .
2. (a)
or
y < –8 y = –8 –8 < y < –7 y = –7 y > –7
y+8 – 0 + + +
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). y+7 – – – 0 +
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real (y + 8)(y  7) + 0 – 0 +
values of x except . From the table, the solutions of
Graphical representation: are .
(b) Let .
5. (a) From (a),
∴ The solutions of are

and
.
Exercise
Exercise 3A (p. 3.11)
Level 1
.
1.
(b) From (a), the solutions of are ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
.
2.
∵ x must satisfy (3) or (4). .
81
and
3.
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
. ∴ The solution of the compound inequality is .
9.
4.
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).
and
5.

and ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  7.
6.
10.
and

∴ The compound inequality has no solutions. and
7.
and
.
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). Graphical representation:

3 < x < 12.
11.
8.
and
82
3 Inequalities

and
.
12.
and

13. (a)
and

(b) , , 0 are the numbers satisfy the

compound
inequality in (a).
Level 2
14.
83

. 17.
15. and

and
18.

and
16.

and
19. (a)
and

84
3 Inequalities
and
(b) The largest possible integer that satisfies the
compound inequality in (a) is 4.
20. (a)
and

(b) The smallest possible integer that satisfies the

compound inequality in (a) is 3.
21. (a)
and

(b) There are 7 integers that satisfy both the inequalities

in (a).
22. (a)
85

. Thus k can be any value less than –18.

Exercise 3B (p. 3.19)
Level 1
(b) The negative integers that satisfy the compound 1. ……(1)
inequality in (a) are –2 and –1. ……(2)
23. (a) .
and
2. ……(1)
……(2)
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
.
or .
(b) From (a), the solutions of Graphical representation:
‘ and ’ are
3.
(i)
∵ x must satisfy both (3) and (4). or

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality
are . ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are
.
(ii) Graphical representation:
∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (3)

and (5).
4.
24. or

values of x.
5.
and
or
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x > 4 ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3.
and .
Suppose the solutions are in the form a < x < b. Then,
6.
∴
86
3 Inequalities
or
10.

.
or
7.
are or .
or

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are .
11.
8.
or
or

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are .
. Graphical representation:
12.
9.
or
or

values of x. ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
87
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are all real 13. From the question,
2n + 12 < 4n – 18 and 3n – 5 > 4n – 23
values of x except .
and
∵ n must satisfy both (1) and (2).

15 < n < 18.
∴ The possible values of n are 16 and 17.
14. From the question,

2n + 5 > 5n – 13 or 5n + 18 < 4n + 13
or
∵ n must satisfy (1) or (2).

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are n < 6.
Since n is a positive integer, the possible values of n are 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5.
15. Let n be the larger integer, then the smaller integer is

n – 1.
From the question,
n < 10 and n + (n – 1) < 15
and
∵ n must satisfy both (1) and (2).

∴ The largest possible value of n is 7.
Hence, the largest possible sum of the two consecutive
integers is 7 + 6 = 13.

n + (2n + 5) < 20 or 2n + 5 < 10
or
∵ n must satisfy (1) or (2).

∴ The largest possible value of n is 4.
Hence, the largest possible values of the two integers n
and 2n + 5 are 4 and 13 respectively.
Level 2
88
3 Inequalities
17. or
or

18.
or

or .
19.
89
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). are all real values of x except .

values of x.
20.
or

.
21. (a)
(b) From (a), the solutions of are
(i)

are all real values of x.
(ii)

90
3 Inequalities
24. (a)
22. (a)
and

or ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are (b) From (a), the solutions of are
.
(b) The smallest possible integer that satisfies the

compound inequality in (a) is .
23. (a)

or
25. (a)
or .
(b) From (a), the solutions of
‘ or
’ are
or
or ……(3)

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are or .
or .
(b) From (a), the solutions of
‘ or ’ are
or ……(3)
91
From the question,
Minimum height of the triangle

or .
Minimum area of the triangle
26.
Maximum height of the triangle
Maximum area of the triangle
=
or
29. (a) x of them are $10 coins and of them are

$5 coins.
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). ∵ The total value of the coins is greater than $150
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are but less than $200.
∴
or .
Suppose the solutions are in the form ‘x > a or x < b’,

where a > b. Then, (b)
∵ x is an integer.
∴ The maximum and the minimum values of x are
19 and 11 respectively.
∴ The maximum and the minimum numbers of
$10 coins are 19 and 11 respectively.
Thus k can be any integer less than or equal to –9.
30. Peter is x years old and John is years old now.
27. (a) ∵ The perimeter is at least 68 cm but less than ∵ 4 years later, at least one of them can meet the age
98 cm. requirement.
∴ ∴ The compound inequality is ‘ or
’.
(b)
or
and ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2), and x must be positive.

∴ The range of values of x is or
.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 31. (a) Number of girls = 1200 – x
. ∵ The number of girls is less than the number of
∴ The smallest possible value of x is 13. boys by at least 50 but not greater than 100.
∴ The compound inequality is
28. Let x cm be the length of each equal side of the triangle. .
Perimeter of the triangle = (x + x + 16) cm
= (2x + 16) cm
92
3 Inequalities
(b) (i) =
Exercise 3C (p. 3.28)

Level 1
(ii) Minimum number of girls = 1200 – 650 = 550 1. (a) From the graph, the solutions of
32. (a) Number of 10-dollar coins = 100 – x
Gabriel’s claim is x > 100 – x are .
Cecilia’s claim is 5x + 10(100 – x) < 800
∴ The required compound inequality is (b) From the graph, the solutions of
x > 100 – x or 5x + 10(100 – x) < 800.
are or .
(b) (i)
2. (a) From the graph, the solutions of
are or .
or

are x > 40.
(ii) To maximize the total amount of money, the
number of 5-dollar coins must be minimized.
∵ The smallest possible value of x is 41.
i.e. The minimum number of 5-dollar coins is
41.
∴ Maximum total amount
= $5 × 41 + $10 × (100 – 41) = $795
33. Let the speed of Peter’s car be x km/h.
Distance travelled by Peter =
Distance travelled by Mary =
Speed of Mary’s car =
From the question,
or
or

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  80.
∴ Maximum speed of Peter’s car = 80 km/h
∴ Maximum possible distance that Peter travels
93
(b) From the graph, the solutions of 6. Consider the corresponding quadratic function
y = (x – 1)(5 – x).
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph opens
are . downwards.
When y = 0,
3. (a) From the graph, there are no solutions for

.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 5.
(b) From the graph, the solutions of Sketch the graph of y = (x – 1)(5 – x):
are all real values of x.
4. Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x(x +

2).
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and –2. From the graph, the solutions of (x – 1)(5 – x) < 0 are
Sketch the graph of y = x(x + 2): x < 1 or x > 5.
7. Consider the corresponding quadratic function

.
downwards.
When y = 0,
From the graph, the solutions of x(x + 2) < 0 are

–2 < x < 0. ∴ The x-intercept of the graph is .
5. Consider the corresponding quadratic function Sketch the graph of :

.
upwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and –8.

From the graph, the solutions of are all
real values of x except .
8. Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = 16 – x2.

downwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –4 and 4.

From the graph, the solutions of
are
or .
94
3 Inequalities
Sketch the graph of y = 16 – x2: When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is 4.

From the graph, the solutions of 16 – x2 > 0 are –4 < x < 4.

y = x2 – 6x + 10.
upwards.
Since , the graph
From the graph, the solution of is
has no x-intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 6x + 10: .

y = 2x2 + 7x – 4.
upwards.
When y = 0,
From the graph, there are no solutions for x2 – 6x + 10  0.

. ∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –4 and .
Since the coefficient of x2 is –1 (< 0), the graph opens Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + 7x – 4:
downwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 1.

From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 + 7x – 4  0 are
x  –4 or .

.
downwards.
When y = 0,
From the graph, the solutions of are
.

.
upwards.
95
Sketch the graph of : .

Sketch the graph of y = –x2 + 6x – 3:

From the graph, the solutions of –x2 + 6x – 3  0 are
or . .

Level 2
14. Consider the corresponding quadratic function .
. Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (> 0), the graph opens
upwards.
upwards. Since , the graph
When y = 0, has no x-intercepts.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and
.
Sketch the graph of : .

.
Since the coefficient of x2 is (< 0), the graph opens
downwards.
When y = 0,
.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and .
y = –x2 + 6x – 3. Sketch the graph of :
downwards.
When y = 0,

96
3 Inequalities
.
20.
18.
Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 – 3x.

upwards.
When y = 0,

Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 3x:
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x  0 (i.e. x2  3x)

are 0  x  3.
19.
Consider the corresponding quadratic function

.
upwards.
When y = 0,


(i.e. (x + 1)2  25) are x  –6 or x  4.
97
Consider the corresponding quadratic function upwards.

y = 2x2 + 4x + 3.
upwards.
Since  = 42 – 4(2)(3) = –8 < 0, the graph has no x-
intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + 4x + 3:
(i.e. ).
21.

.
upwards.
When y = 0,

.
(i.e. ) are or
22.
Consider the corresponding quadratic function y = x2 + 9x.

98
3 Inequalities
When y = 0, Consider the corresponding quadratic function

.
upwards.
When y = 0,

Sketch the graph of y = x2 + 9x:
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –3 and .

(i.e. (x + 3)(x + 6) < 18) are –9 < x < 0.
23.
(i.e. ) are or
.
.
upwards.
25.
When y = 0,

y = 2x2 + x + 2.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 3. upwards.
Since  = 12 – 4(2)(2) = –15 < 0, the graph has no x-
Sketch the graph of : intercepts.
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 + x + 2:
From the graph, the solutions of From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 + x + 2 > 0
(i.e. ) are (i.e. (2x + 1)2 > 2x – 3) are all real values of x.
or .
26. (a)
.
upwards.
99
When y = 0, Sketch the graph of :
(i.e. ) are .
(b) ∵ x is non-negative.
∴ The range of values of x that satisfy the
inequality in (a) is .
27. (a)

y = x2 + x – 10.
upwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are
and .
Sketch the graph of y = x2 + x – 10:
From the graph, the solutions of x2 + x – 10  0
(i.e. ) are
100
3 Inequalities
(b) (i) From (a),

∴ Minimum value of k = –3
(ii) From (a),
∴ Maximum value of k = 2
28. (a) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

y = 2x2 – 5x – 12.
upwards.
When y = 0,
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 – 5x – 12:
From the graph, the solutions of 2x2 – 5x – 12  0 are
(b) (i)
From (a), we have
(ii) , –1, 0 and 1 can satisfy the inequality in
(b)(i).
29. (a) (i) Consider the corresponding quadratic function

y = x2 – 2x – 63.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph
opens upwards.
When y = 0,
101
Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 2x – 63: (i.e. ) are 0  x  5.
6.
x+5 – 0 + + +
11 – 2x + + + 0 –
(x + 5)(11 – 2x) – 0 + 0 –
From the table, the solutions of
are or .
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 2x – 63 < 0
are –7 < x < 9. …… (1)
(ii) 7.
(b) (i) ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality ∴ The solutions of are or
are . .
(ii) ∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).
are x > –7. 8.
Exercise 3D (p. 3.37)

Level 1
1.

∴ The solutions of (x + 1)(x – 12)  0 are x  –1 or
.
x  12.
2.
9.
∴ The solutions of x(2x + 3) < 0 are .

3. .
10.

x=6 x>6
.
x+2 – 0 + + +
x–6 – – – 0 +
4. x < –7 x = –7 –7 < x < 1 x = 1 x > 1 (x + 2)(x – 6) + 0 – 0 +
x–1 – – – 0 +
x+7 – 0 + + +
(x – 1)(x + 7) + 0 – 0 + (i.e. ) are or .
From the table, the solutions of (x – 1)(x + 7) > 0 are
x < –7 or x > 1. 11.
5.
x=2 x>2
x<0 x=0 0<x<5 x=5 x>5
x – 0 + + + 2x + 13 – 0 + + +
x–5 – – – 0 + x–2 – – – 0 +
x(x – 5) + 0 – 0 + (2x + 13)(x – 2) + 0 – 0 +
From the table, the solutions of x(x – 5)  0 From the table, the solutions of
102
3 Inequalities
(b)
(i.e. ) are or .
12. ∵ for all real values of x.
∴ The solutions of x2 + 5x + 7 > 0 are all real

values of x.
x=3 x>3
16. (a)
2x + 3 – 0 + + +
x–3 – – – 0 +
(2x + 3)(x – 3) + 0 – 0 +
(i.e. ) are . (b)
13. (a) ∵ (x – 1)2  0 for all real values of x.

∴ There are no solutions for –3x2 + 6x – 8  0.
Level 2
∵ for all real values of x.
∴ There are no solutions for 17.
.
y = x2 + x – 1.
(b) When y = 0,

all real values of x.
Let and .
14.
∴
(a) ∵ holds only when
x< x= <x< x= x>
, i.e. . x– – 0 + + +
x– – – – 0 +
∴ The solution of is (x  )(x – ) + 0 – 0 +
.
(i.e. –x2 – x + 1 > 0) are .
(b) ∵ for all real values of x except
18. For the corresponding equation ,
.
∴ The solutions of are all ∴ The equation has no real roots.
real values of x except .
15. (a)
103
∵ for all real values of x. 24.
∴ There are no solutions for . ∴ The solutions of (x – 1)2 > 4(x – 1) are x < 1 or x > 5.
25.
19.
2x + 5 – 0 + + +
2x – 5 – – – 0 + ∴ The solutions of are
(2x + 5)(2x – 5) + 0 – 0 +
From the table, the solutions of .
(i.e. ) are or .
26.
20.
∵ for all real values of x except
.
. When y = 0,
values of x except .
21.
Let and .
∴
.
x< x= <x< x= x>
x– – 0 + + +
22.
x– – – – 0 +
(x  )(x – ) + 0 – 0 +
(i.e. ) are
or .
or .
27. (a)
23.

or .
∴ The solutions of x(23 – x)  132 are 11  x  12. (b) Let .
104
3 Inequalities
From (a),
are
or . .
3. ∵ The graph of cuts

28. (a) the x-axis at two distinct points.
∴ has two distinct
real roots.
(b) (i) ∴
∴ The range of values of k is or .
are
4. ∵ The graph of is
. always above the x-axis.
(ii) Let . ∴ has no real roots.
From (b)(i),
∴ The range of values of p is
Exercise 3E (p. 3.42)

Level 1
1. (a) ∵ x2 – kx + 16 = 0 has two distinct real roots.

.
(b) ∵ x2 – kx + 16 = 0 has no real roots.

∴
∴ The range of values of k is –8 < k < 8.
2. ∵ – x2 + kx – k – 1 = 0 has at least one real root.
105
5. Let x be one of the positive integers, then the other

positive integer is 36 – x.
∴
∴ The greatest possible value of x is 25.

∴ The greatest possible value of the larger integer is 25. ∵
6. Let x be the smaller positive even number, then the larger
number is x + 2. .
11. ∵ is always positive for all real

values
of x.
Since x is a positive even number, the possible values of x ∴

are 2, 4 and 6.
∴ The greatest possible value of the smaller number is
6.

12.
∴ The required range of values of t is 2  t  4.
8. From the question, ∴
∵ The graph of is always

below
∴ The minimum number of cakes to be made is 41. the x-axis.
∴
13. (a) ∵ The graph of the quadratic function is always

below the x-axis.
∴ –x2 + kx – 2k + 3 < 0 for all real values of x.
∴ –x2 + kx – 2k + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
∴ The first term that exceeds 3003 = the 78th term ∴
=
∴ The range of values of k is 2 < k < 6.
Level 2
10. ∵ has real root(s). (b) When k = 6, y = –x2 + 6x – 2(6) + 3
= –x2 + 6x – 9
∴ By the result of (a), the graph of y = –x2 + 6x – 9
is not always below the x-axis.
14. (a) ∵ The sum of two integers is 15.

∴ The other integer
106
3 Inequalities
∵ The product of two integers is less than 36. ∵ Both integers are positive.
∴ ∴
∴ The required quadratic inequality is Combining with the results, we have or
. .
∴ The possible pairs of integers are 1, 14 and
2, 13.
∴ 2 pairs of integers can satisfy the given
(b) conditions.
15. ∵ x2 + (1 – k)x + 625 = 0 has at least one real root.
∵ The real roots of the quadratic equation are negative.

∴ The sum of roots of the equation must be negative.
∵ k must satisfy both (1) and (2).

16. Value of the car after two years
∵ The value of the car will not be lower than $128 000
after two years.
∴
∴ The greatest possible value of r is 20.
17. (a) Area of the rectangle
(b) (i)
∴ The maximum value of x is 3.

(ii) When x = 2.5,
enclosed area
107
When x = 3,
6.
enclosed area
∴ The enclosed area does not attain its

maximum when x is equal to the value and
found in (b)(i).
18. (a) (i) Height of the rack
(ii) Since lengths must be positive, we have

.
and

(b) ∵ The area enclosed by the rack and the ground is

less than 70 sq. units.
Combining with the result of (a), we have
Since x is an integer, the possible values of x are 3, 4,

5, 6, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
19. (a)
(b) For Judy’s assertion to be correct,
∴ The range of values of x is x >

.
Hence, Judy’s assertion is correct.
Check Yourself (p. 3.46)

1. (a)  (b) 
(c)  (d) 
(e) 
2. or
3. and
4. or ;
5. –12; all real values of x
108
3 Inequalities

. are .
(b) The smallest integer that satisfies the inequality in (a)

7.
is 0.
10. ∵ is always positive for all real

values of x.
or ∴ has no real roots.
∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2). ∴

8. Consider the corresponding quadratic function ∴ The range of values of k is .

.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph opens Revision Exercise 3 (p. 3.47)
upwards. Level 1
When , 1.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and 3. and

.
2.
or .

and
.
upwards.
When ,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and 8. Graphical representation:
3.
and

109
4.
8.
and

or
.

5.
or or .
.

upwards.
When y = 0,
6.
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –6 and –4.

or

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  3.
7. From the graph, the solutions of

are
.

.
or
downwards.
When y = 0,
values of x except x = 3.
110
3 Inequalities

are

y = x2 – 15x + 50.
upwards.
When y = 0,

Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 15x + 50:
From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 15x + 50  0 are

x  5 or x  10.

y = x2 – 14x + 49.
upwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercept of the graph is 7.

Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 14x + 49:
From the graph, the solution of is x

= 7.
111
x < –9 x = –9 –9 < x < 16 x = 16 x > 16

x+9 – 0 + + +
13. Consider the corresponding quadratic function x – 16 – – – 0 +
y = –x2 + 3x – 2. (x + 9)(x – 16) + 0 – 0 +
downwards. From the table, the solutions of x2 – 7x – 144 > 0 are
When y = 0, x < –9 or x > 16.
∴ The solutions of –x2 + 7x + 144 < 0 are x < –9 or
x > 16.
18. For the corresponding equation ,

Sketch the graph of y = –x2 + 3x – 2:
∴ The equation has no real roots.

From the graph, the solutions of –x2 + 3x – 2 > 0 are
1 < x < 2.
19.
y = 2x2 – 5x + 4.
upwards.
Since , the
graph has no x-intercepts. ∴ The solutions of 2x2 – 5x + 2  0 are .
Sketch the graph of y = 2x2 – 5x + 4:
20.
5x + 12 – 0 +
x–3 – – –
(5x + 12)(x – 3) + 0 –
From the graph, there are no solutions for x=3 x>3

2x2 – 5x + 4 < 0. 5x + 12 + +
x–3 0 +
15. (5x + 12)(x – 3) 0 +
From the table, the solutions of 5x2 – 3x – 36 < 0 are
.
∴ The solutions of x + 11x – 26 > 0 are x < –13 or
2
x > 2.
21. (a)
16.
.
(b) ∵ x must satisfy both x < 6 and –8  x  8.
values of x except . ∴ The range of values of x is –8  x < 6.
17.
112
3 Inequalities
and
22. (a)
(b) Since x is an odd integer, the possible values of x are

11 and 13.
23. (a)
or

(b) –5, –3, –2.5, 2.5 and 3
24. (a)
x+3 – 0 + + +
x–3 – – – 0 +
(x + 3)(x – 3) + 0 – 0 +
are .
(b) ∵ x is a positive integer.

∴ x>3
∴ The least value of x is 4.

(x + 25) – 4  2(x – 4) and (x + 25) + 4 < 2(x + 4)
113
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). (b) ∵ The area of the rectangle is at least 96 cm 2.
21 < x  29.
∴ The possible values of x are 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ∴
and 29.
26. ∵ George can enjoy the reduced admission fee if his

age is under 10 or his age is 60 or above.
∴ Since the length must be greater than or equal to the
width,
∵ x must be non-negative.
. ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ The range of values of x is .
27. ∵ x + (k + 1)x – 2(k + 1) = 0 has real roots.
2
Level 2
∴
32.
∴ The range of values of k is k  –9 or k  –1. and

28. ∵ The quadratic graph y = –x2 + 2kx – k is always
below the x-axis.
∴ –x2 + 2kx – k = 0 has no real roots. ∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).
∴ x < –12.
∴ The range of values of k is .
29. Let x be the smaller integer, then the larger integer is x + 5.

33.
∴ The least possible value of the smaller integer is 16.

or

or .
∴ The range of values of x is x > 4.
31. (a) The width of the rectangle is cm,
i.e. (20 – x) cm.
114
3 Inequalities
x  –1.
34.
and

35.
or

values of x.
36. (a)
and

115
(b) 39.
∵ x must satisfy or . Consider the corresponding quadratic function

∴ The range of values of x is x  –1 or . .
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 ( > 0), the graph opens
upwards.
When y = 0,
37. (a)

or
.

(b)
∵ x must satisfy both and (i.e. ) are or
.
.

40.
38. (a) (i)

(ii) ∴ The solutions of are all real

values of x
except .
(b) (i) Maximum value of x + y

41.
Minimum value of x + y
(ii) Maximum value of x – y .
upwards.
Minimum value of x – y When y = 0,
116
3 Inequalities
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 0 and .

(i.e. ) are or
42.

.
upwards.
When y = 0,


(i.e. ) are or .
43.

.
upwards.
When y = 0,
117
Sketch the graph of : Sketch the graph of y = –5x2 – 14x + 3:
From the graph, the solutions of –5x2 – 14x + 3 > 0

(i.e. ) are . are .
44. (b)
From (a), we have

.
upwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are and . 46.
or

From the graph, the solutions of ∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are x  –5
or x > –1.
(i.e. ) are
47.
.

y = –5x2 – 14x + 3.
Since the coefficient of x2 is –5 (< 0), the graph opens and
downwards.
When y = 0,
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are –3 and .
118
3 Inequalities
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The range of values of t is 10  t  11.1.
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are 51. (a) C = 180° – A – B ( sum of △)
2 < x < 3 or 4 < x < 5. = 180° – (2x° – 18°) – (x° + 30°)
= 168° – 3x°
48. (a) Number of $10 coins = 120 – x
∴ (b) (i) Since A, B and C must be positive, we
have
A > 0° and B > 0° and C > 0°
i.e. 2x – 18 > 0 and x + 30 > 0 and
168 – 3x > 0
(b) (i) (ii)
and
and and
∵ x must satisfy (1), (2) and (3).

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The range of values of x is
∴ The solutions of the compound inequality 9 < x < 56. …… (4)
are 40 < x < 80.
(ii) The maximum number of $5 coins is 79. (c) (i) Since ABC is an obtuse-angled triangle,
∴ The minimum total amount of money in the A > 90° or B > 90° or C > 90°
bag i.e. 2x – 18 > 90 or x + 30 > 90 or
168 – 3x > 90
(ii) Consider ‘2x – 18 > 90 or x + 30 > 90 or 168
– 3x > 90’. ……(*)
49. (a) Number of cows = 2000 – x
∴ 500  x – (2000 – x)  600 and 2000 – x  720
(b) or
or
and
∵ x must satisfy (5), (6) or (7).
∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2). ∴ The solutions of (*) are
∴ The range of values of x is 1280  x  1300. x < 26 or x > 54. …… (8)
Maximum number of sheep = 1300 ∵ x must satisfy both (4) and (8).
∴ Minimum number of cows = 2000 – 1300 = 700 ∴ The range of values of x is 9 < x < 26 or
54 < x < 56.
50. Distance travelled by David = t(t + 400) m
Distance travelled by Paul = t(t + 300) m 52. ∵ The quadratic graph of
is
∴ always above the x-axis.
∴ k must be positive, i.e. and the quadratic
graph has no x-intercepts.
∴
and

∵ t is non-negative and must satisfy both (1) and (2).
119
53. (a)
∵ x2 + (2k + 1)x + (1 – 2k) > 0 for all real values of

x.
∴ x2 + (2k + 1)x + (1 – 2k) = 0 has no real roots.
∴ ∴ The range of values of x is .
(ii)
∴
If the diameter of the playground is 10 m,
∴ The diameter of the playground can be

10 m.
56. (a) Total surface area of the cuboid
. (b) From the question,
(b) From (a), we have
Since k is an integer, the possible values of k are ∵ r>0

–3, –2, –1 and 0. ∴ The range of values of r is .
54. ∵ and are two real 57. (a) Number of beads required to construct the nth pattern
numbers.
∴ 3x – 2  0 and 6x2 + 7x – 24  0
(b) ∵
∴
i.e.
∵ n is a positive integer.
∴
and
∴ The largest possible pattern is the 48th pattern.
58. (a) From the question,

55. (a) Radius of the circular playground
∴ The range of values of x is x  4.

Area of the jogging track
(b) Minimum length of the wire
= [4 × 4 + 2 × (6 + 5)] cm
= 38 cm
Multiple Choice Questions (p. 3.51)

1. Answer: C
(b) (i) Area of the playground area of the jogging
2. Answer: A
track
120
3 Inequalities
3. Answer: B
or
.
. 4. Answer: B
and

∴ The possible integral values of x are –1 and 0.

∴ There are 2 integral values of x.
5. Answer: D
From the graph of , the solutions of
are or .
6. Answer: A
or
or
or no solutions
7. Answer: B
∵ –5 is a root of .
121
8. Answer: D
∵ The graph of has no x- 1.
intercepts.
9. Answer: C
∵ for all real values of

x.
∴ The maximum value of x is 3.
2.
10. Answer: D
Since lengths must be positive, we have
.
∴ The greatest value of x, i.e. h, is 8.

and
Exam Focus
∴ Combining the results, .
By the triangle inequality, Exam-type Questions (p. 3.54)
1. Answer: A
For I:
From the figure, we know that the graph of
opens downwards.
∴
∵ x must satisfy (3), (4) and (5).
By considering the sum of roots of the equation, we have
HKMO (p. 3.52)
∵ and
∴
Therefore, I must be true.
For II:
By considering the product of roots of the equation, we
have
122
3 Inequalities
5. (a)
Therefore, II must be true.

For III:
From the figure, we know that the graph of
is below the x-axis when
or . (b)
∴ The solutions of the inequality
are or .
Therefore, III must be false.
∴ The answer is A.
.
2. Answer: A ∴ There are 14 negative integers satisfying the
compound inequality.
6. (a)
and
∵ The coordinates of the vertex C are (2, –4).

∴ The solutions of the compound inequality are ∴
∴ –1 is not a solution of the compound inequality.
3. Answer: A
∵ The solutions of are or
.
(b)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have
∵ L does not intersect C.
4. Answer: D ∴
∵ The quadratic equation has
only complex roots.
∴ has no real roots. ∴ k cannot be a positive number.

∴ Tony’s claim is agreed.
7. (a)
∴
∴ The range of values of k is .

By substituting b = 1.1 into (1), we have
123
Investigation Corner (p. 3.56)
(a) (i) (opp. sides of //gram)

(opp. sides of //gram)
(b)
(ii)
∴ By the triangle inequality, DE, EC and DC

cannot form a triangle.
In the 15th year, company X will start making a profit (b) (i) Refer to the notations in the figure.
exceeding $10 million.
By the triangle inequality,
and
Combining the results, we have
(ii)
Parallel Remaining
Choice sides sides q–p s–r p+q
r s p q
A 10 20 30 40 10 10 70
B 10 30 20 40 20 20 60
C 10 40 20 30 10 30 50
D 20 30 10 40 30 10 50
E 20 40 10 30 20 20 40
F 30 40 10 20 10 10 30
(iii) Choice C satisfies the inequality in (b)(i), and the
lengths of the parallel sides are 10 and 40.
124
3 Inequalities
125

3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

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3 Inequalities: Review Exercise 3 (P. 3.5)

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3 Inequalities

1. (a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Warm-Up Activity (p. 3.7)

∴ The graph of has two x- below negative –3 < x < 1

11. (b) (i) or

∴ The graph of has no x- 3. (a) or

downwards. 3. (a) x < 3 or x > 2

(b) When y = 0, (b) 3 < x < 2

∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 3.

Maths Dialogue Solutions of the compound inequality

Classwork (p. 3.9)

all real values

Classwork (p. 3.25)

Solutions of the compound inequality (c)

Classwork (p. 3.34)

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

Graphical representation: Quick Practice 3.5 (p. 3.16)

Quick Practice 3.2 (p. 3.10)

∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

Quick Practice 3.3 (p. 3.11)

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

Quick Practice 3.4 (p. 3.15)

(b) From (a), the solutions of the compound inequality must

∵ Alan and Bill get hourly wages of $65 and $50

$13 500. ∴ The compound inequality is

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

Quick Practice 3.8 (p. 3.19)

∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2), and x must be positive.

Quick Practice 3.9 (p. 3.26)

Sketch the graph of y = x2 – 3x – 10:

From the graph, the solutions of x2 – 3x – 10 < 0 are

∴ The graph has no x-intercepts.

Sketch the graph of :

From the graph, there are no solutions for

(b) From the graph, the solutions of are all

Quick Practice 3.11 (p. 3.27)

Quick Practice 3.14 (p. 3.32)

Sketch the graph of :

∴ The solutions of –x2 + x + 20 < 0 are x < –4 or x > 5.

Quick Practice 3.15 (p. 3.34)

x < –3 x = –3 –3 < x < 8 x=8 x>8

∴ The solutions of are . is always below the x-axis.

(a) ∵ for all real values of x except ∴

(b) ∵ for all real values of x . ∴ The range of values of k is

∴ The range of values of k is

Quick Practice 3.20 (p. 3.41)

∴ for all real values of x.

∴ The solutions of are all real

Combining with the result of (a), we have

Quick Practice 3.21 (p. 3.41)

(b) For Matthew’s claim to be correct,

Further Practice (p. 3.17)

∵ x must satisfy (1) or (2).

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

Further Practice (p. 3.36)

∴ The solutions of y2 + 4y – 32 > 0 are y < –8 or

From (a), x – 2 < –8 or x – 2 > 4

5. (a) From (a),

∴ The solutions of are

∵ x must satisfy both (1) and (2).

∵ There are no values of x satisfying both (1) and (2).