Bk4a05 e

158
Chapter 5 Quadratic
Functions
Q & A (P.5.2)
∴
For curve 1,
Instant Drill 3 (P.5.9)
the number before (x  2)2 = 7 < 0
(a) The graph opens downward.
For curve 3,
∴ a<0
the number before (x  3)2 =  <0
y-intercept of the graph < 0
For curve 2, we guess that ∴ c<0
the number before (x  2.8)2 < 0 ∵ a+c<0
∴ a<0 ∴ a + c < 0 is true.
(b) The graph has two x-intercepts.
Instant Drill 1 (P.5.7) ∴ The discriminant of the equation ax2  3x + c = 0 is
(a) y-intercept = 10 greater than 0.
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 5. (3)2  4ac > 0
(c) Coordinates of the vertex = (5 , 35) 4ac < 9
(d) Maximum value = 35 ∴ 4ac < 9 is true.
Instant Drill 2 (P.5.8) Instant Drill 4 (P.5.10)

(a) y = x + 6x – 5
2
(a) Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 into y = x2 + 8x + c.
Coefficient of x2 = 1 < 0 5 = (2)2 + 8(2) + c
∴ The graph opens downward. 5 = 4 + 16 + c
y-intercept = 5 c = 7
When y = 0, (b) (i) From (a), y = x2 + 8x – 7.
x2 + 6x  5 = 0 y-intercept = 7
x2  6x + 5 = 0 (ii) When y = 0,
(x  1)(x  5) = 0 x2 + 8x  7 = 0
x = 1 or 5 x2  8x + 7 = 0
∴ The x-intercepts are 1 and 5. (x  1)(x  7) = 0
(b) y = 3x2 + 7x + 2 x = 1 or 7
Coefficient of x2 = 3 > 0 ∴ The x-intercepts are 1 and 7.
∴ The graph opens upward. (iii) The equation of the axis of symmetry is
y-intercept = 2
x=
When y = 0,
x=4
3x2 + 7x + 2 = 0
(c) The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex.
(3x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
∴ x-coordinate of the vertex = 4
x= or 2
Substitute x = 4 into y = x2 + 8x  7.
© Oxford University Press 2014

159 Solutions
y = (4)2 + 8(4)  7
= 16 + 32  7
=9
∴ Maximum value = 9
(a) Instant Drill 8 (P.5.23)
(a) y = x2  4x + 5
= x2  4x +
= x2  4x + 4  4 + 5
= (x  2)2 + 1
∴ The minimum value of the function is 1 and the
corresponding value of x is 2.
(b) y = x2  8x  3
= (x2 + 8x)  3
=
(b) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 1.
= (x2 + 8x + 16) + 16  3
(ii) Minimum value = 2
= (x + 4)2 + 13
∴ The maximum value of the function is 13 and the
corresponding value of x is 4.
(a) (i) The graph opens upward.
The coordinates of the vertex are (2 , 3).
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2.
(a) y = 3x2 + 6x  5
(ii) The minimum value of the function is 3.
= 3(x2 + 2x)  5
(b) (i) The graph opens downward.
The coordinates of the vertex are (4 , 1). =
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4.
= 3(x2 + 2x + 1)  3  5
(ii) The maximum value of the function is 1.
= 3(x + 1)2  8
∴ The minimum value of the function is 8 and the
coordinates of the vertex are (1 , 8).
Let y = a(x  2)2  3.
(b) y = 3 + 8x  2x2
Substitute x = 0 and y = 9 into y = a(x  2)2  3.
= 2x2 + 8x + 3
9 = a(0  2)2  3
= 2(x2  4x) + 3
12 = 4a
a=3 =
∴ f(x) = 3(x  2)  32
= 2(x2  4x + 4) + 8 + 3
= 3(x2  4x + 4)  3
= 2(x  2)2 + 11
= 3x2  12x + 12  3
= 3x2  12x + 9
coordinates of the vertex are (2 , 11).

Chapter 5: Quadratic Functions 160
Instant Drill 10 (P.5.25) Instant Drill 11 (P.5.25)

(a) y-intercept of the graph = 9 Let x cm be the length of one of the sides forming the right
∴ m=9 angle. Then the length of the other side forming the right
(b) y = 3x + nx + 9
2
angle is (16  x) cm.
Area of the triangle
=
= x(16  x) cm2
= = (x2 + 16x) cm2
= (x2  16x) cm2
=
= cm2
=
= cm2
∴
= cm2
∴ The maximum area is 32 cm2.

∴ =2
(a) 2n2  160n + 5 700
n = 12 = 2(n2  80n) + 5 700
Minimum value = 9  =
= 2(n2  80n + 1 600)  3 200 + 5 700

=9
= 2(n  40)2 + 2 500
= 9  12 When n = 40, the total cost is a minimum.
= 3 ∴ 40 watches should be produced so that the total
cost is a minimum.
(b) From (a), when n = 40, total cost = $2 500.
∴ The minimum total cost is $2 500.

(a) Area of the triangular region
= x(3  x) m2

161 Solutions
3. From the directions of opening of the graphs, we

(b) Area of the triangular region know that P and Q are greater than 0, whereas S and
= (3x  x2) m2 R are smaller than 0. By comparing the widths of the

opening of the graphs, we know that P > Q and S > R.
= (x2  3x) m2
∴ The values represented by P, Q, R and S are
listed in descending order as follows:
= m2
P, Q, S, R
= m2
Instant Drill Corner 5.2 (P.5.12)
1. (a) y-intercept = 12
= m2
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4.
(c) Minimum value = 4
∴ The maximum area is m2.
∵ m2 < 1.2 m2 2. (a) y = x2 + 3x + 5

Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0
∴ The area cannot exceed 1.2 m2.
∴ The graph opens upward.
y-intercept = 5
(b) y = 2x2 + x
1. (a) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0.
Coefficient of x2 = 2 < 0
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex = (0 , 0)
∴ The graph opens downward.
(iii) Minimum value = 0
y-intercept = 0
(b) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0.
(c) y = 4  x2 + 7x
(ii) Coordinates of the vertex = (0 , 0)
= –x2 + 7x + 4
(iii) Maximum value = 0
2. (a) y = 3x2
y-intercept = 4
3. (a) (i) The graph opens upward.
Coordinates of the vertex = (0 , 0)
∴ a>0
(b) y = 4x2
(ii) y-intercept of the graph > 0
∴ c>0
(b) (i) The graph opens downward.
Coordinates of the vertex = (0 , 0)
∴ a<0
(c) y = x
2
(ii) y-intercept of the graph > 0
∴ c>0
Coefficient of x2 = >0
(c) (i) The graph opens downward.
∴ The graph opens upward. ∴ a<0
Coordinates of the vertex = (0 , 0) (ii) y-intercept of the graph < 0
∴ c<0

(d) (i) The graph opens upward.

∴ a>0 2. Let y = a(x + 1)2  5.
(ii) y-intercept of the graph < 0 Substitute x = 1 and y = 3 into y = a(x + 1)2  5.
∴ c<0 3 = a(1 + 1)2  5
8 = 4a
4. (a) y-intercept = 15 a=2
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is ∴ f(x) = 2(x + 1)2  5
= 2(x2 + 2x + 1)  5
x=
= 2x2 + 4x  3
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into y = x2 + 2x + 15. 1. x2 + 4x + = (x + 2)2
y = (1)2 + 2(1) + 15
= 1 + 2 + 15
= 16 2. x2 + 10x + = (x + 5)2
∴ Maximum value = 16
Instant Drill Corner 5.3 (P.5.20) 3. x2  6x + = (x  3)2

1. (a) The graph opens upward.
The minimum value of the function is 5.
The coordinates of the vertex are (7 , 5). 4. x2  12x + = (x  6)2

(b) The graph opens upward.
5. x2 + 3x + =
The minimum value of the function is 9.
The coordinates of the vertex are (2 , 9).
6. x2  5x + =
(c) The graph opens downward.
The maximum value of the function is 3.
7. x2 + x+ =
(d) The graph opens downward.
The maximum value of the function is 8.
The coordinates of the vertex are (6 , 8).
8. x2  x+ =

163 Solutions
(b) y = 2x2 + 8x  1
Instant Drill Corner 5.5 (P.5.28) = 2(x2  4x)  1
1. (a) y = x2 + 10x + 9
=
= x + 10x +
2
= 2(x2  4x + 4) + 8  1
= x + 10x + 25  25 + 9
2
= 2(x  2)2 + 7
= (x + 5)2  16 ∴ The maximum value of y is 7.
∴ The minimum value of the function is 16 (c) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2.
and the corresponding value of x is 5.
(b) y = x2 + 14x + 1 3. (a) S = 3x2 + 240x
= (x2  14x) + 1 = 3(x2  80x)
= =
= (x2  14x + 49) + 49 + 1 = 3(x2  80x + 1 600) + 4 800

= (x  7)2 + 50 = 3(x  40)2 + 4 800
∴ The maximum value of the function is 50 When x = 40, S is at its maximum.
and the corresponding value of x is 7. ∴ The required value of x is 40.
(c) y = 3x  6x + 4
2
(b) From (a), the maximum daily income is $4 800.
= 3(x  2x) + 4
2
∴ It is not possible that the daily income
exceeds $5 000.
=
= 3(x2  2x + 1)  3 + 4 Exercise 5A (P.5.13)

= 3(x  1) + 1 2
1. (a) y = 2x2
∴ The minimum value of the function is 1 and Coefficient of x2 = 2 < 0
the corresponding value of x is 1. ∴ The graph opens downward.
(d) y = 2x  8x  5
2
(b) y = 6x2
= 2(x2 + 4x)  5 Coefficient of x2 = 6 > 0
=
(c) y = x2
= 2(x + 4x + 4) + 8  5
2
= 2(x + 2)2 + 3 Coefficient of x2 = >0

∴ The maximum value of the function is 3 and
the corresponding value of x is 2.
(d) y = x2
2. (a) Substitute x = 3 and y = 5 into y = ax2 + 8x  1.

Coefficient of x2 = <0
5 = a(3)2 + 8(3)  1
5 = 9a + 24  1 ∴ The graph opens downward.
9a = 18
a =2

2. (a) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0. (ii) The graph opens downward.
(ii) The coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0). ∴ The maximum value is 5.
(b) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0. (d) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x =
(ii) The coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0). 2.
(c) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0. (ii) The graph opens upward.
(ii) The coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0). ∴ The minimum value is 9.
(d) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0.
(ii) The coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0). 7. y = x2 + 2x  8
3. (a) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = ∴ The graph opens upward.
2. y-intercept = 8
(ii) y-intercept = 5 When y = 0,
(iii) Coordinates of the vertex = (2 , 1) x2 + 2x  8 = 0
(iv) Minimum value = 1 (x + 4)(x  2) = 0
(b) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3. x = 4 or 2
(ii) y-intercept = 0 ∴ The x-intercepts are 4 and 2.
(iii) Coordinates of the vertex = (3 , 9)
(iv) Maximum value = 9 8. y = x2  6x + 7
(c) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4. Coefficient of x2 = 1 < 0
(ii) y-intercept = 6 ∴ The graph opens downward.
(iii) Coordinates of the vertex = (4 , 2) y-intercept = 7
(iv) Minimum value = 2 When y = 0,
x2  6x + 7 = 0
4. (a) y-intercept = 7 x2 + 6x  7 = 0
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4. (x + 7)(x  1) = 0
(c) Coordinates of the vertex = (4 , 9) x = 7 or 1
(d) Minimum value = 9 ∴ The x-intercepts are 7 and 1.
5. (a) y-intercept = 5 9. y = x2 + 14x  49

(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3. Coefficient of x2 = 1 < 0
(c) Coordinates of the vertex = (3 , 4) ∴ The graph opens downward.
(d) Maximum value = 4 y-intercept = 49
When y = 0,
6. (a) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 6. x2 + 14x  49 = 0
(ii) The graph opens upward. x2  14x + 49 = 0
∴ The minimum value is 4. (x  7)2 = 0
(b) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = x = 7 (repeated)
1. ∴ The x-intercept is 7.
(ii) The graph opens downward.
∴ The maximum value is 2.
(c) (i) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3.

165 Solutions
= 4 + 8 + 12
= 16
∴ Coordinates of the vertex = (2 , 16)
10. y = 2x + 5x + 3
2
(b) Maximum value = 16
∴ The graph opens upward. 14. (a) Substitute x = 3 and y = k into y = x2  6x + 3.
y-intercept = 3 k = (3)2  6(3) + 3
When y = 0, = 9  18 + 3
2x2 + 5x + 3 = 0 = 6
(x + 1)(2x + 3) = 0 (b) Minimum value = k
= 6
x = 1 or
∴ 15. y = x2  12
11. y = 5x  3x2
i.e. The function has only the minimum value (12),
= 3x2 + 5x
and does not have maximum value.
∴ Her claim is incorrect.
y-intercept = 0
16. (a)
When y = 0,
3x2 + 5x = 0
x(3x  5) = 0
x = 0 or
12. y = 7x2  28
(b) For the graph of y = 5x2:
the equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0 and
y-intercept = 28
the coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0).
When y = 0,
For the graph of y =  x2:
7x2  28 = 0
x2 = 4 the equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0 and
x = 2 the coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0).
∴ The x-intercepts are 2 and 2. (c) For y = 5x2:

the minimum value is 0.
13. (a) The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex. For y =  x2:
∴ x-coordinate of the vertex = 2 the maximum value is 0.
Substitute x = 2 into y = x  4x + 12.
2
y = (2)2  4(2) + 12

17. y = 3 + 7x  6x2 20. y = 18  2(1  x)2

= 6x2 + 7x + 3 = 18  2(1  2x + x2)
Coefficient of x2 = 6 < 0 = 2x2 + 4x + 16
∴ The graph opens downward. Coefficient of x2 = 2 < 0
y-intercept = 3 ∴ The graph opens downward.
When y = 0, y-intercept = 16
6x + 7x + 3 = 0
2
When y = 0,
6x  7x  3 = 0
2
2x2 + 4x + 16 = 0
(3x + 1)(2x  3) = 0 x2  2x  8 = 0
(x + 2)(x  4) = 0
x= or
x = 2 or 4
∴ The x-intercepts are 2 and 4.
∴

18. y = (x + 3)2  4
∴ m>0
= x2 + 6x + 9  4
y-intercept of the graph > 0
= x2 + 6x + 5
∴ n>0
∵ m+n>0
∴ m + n > 0 is true.
y-intercept = 5
When y = 0,
∴ The discriminant of the equation
x2 + 6x + 5 = 0
mx2  4x + n = 0 is greater than 0.
(x + 1)(x + 5) = 0
(4)2  4mn > 0
x = 1 or 5
16 > 4mn
∴ The x-intercepts are 1 and 5.
mn < 4
∴ mn < 4 is true.
19. y = (3  x)(x  7) + 4
= (x2 + 10x  21) + 4
22. (a) The graph opens downward.
= x2  10x + 25
∴ m<0
y-intercept of the graph < 0
∴ n<0
y-intercept = 25
∵ mn > 0
When y = 0,
∴ mn > 0 is true.
x2  10x + 25 = 0
(b) The graph has one x-intercept.
(x  5)2 = 0
x = 5 (repeated)
mx2  6x + n = 0 is equal to 0.
∴ The x-intercept is 5.
(6)2  4mn = 0
36  4mn = 0

167 Solutions
36 = 4mn = 4 + 8 + 5
mn = 9 =9
∴ Coordinates of the vertex = (2 , 9)
(c) ∵ m < 0, n < 0 and mn = 9.
∴ m = 1, n = 9 and m = 3, n = 3 are two 25. (a) Substitute x = 2 and y = 3 into y = x2 + 2x + c.
pairs of possible values. 3 = (2)2 + 2(2) + c
(or other reasonable answers) 3=4+4+c
c = 5
23. (a) y-intercept = 8 (b) (i) y-intercept = c
∴ c = 8 = 5
(b) From (a), y = x  6x  8.
2
(ii) The equation of the axis of symmetry is
The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex.
x=
∴ y-coordinate of the vertex = 1
x = 1
Substitute y = 1 into y = x2  6x  8.
(c) From (a), y = x2 + 2x − 5.
1 = x2  6x  8
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
∴ x-coordinate of the vertex = 1
(x + 3)2 = 0
Substitute x = 1 into y = x2 + 2x − 5.
x = 3 (repeated)
y = (1)2 + 2(1)  5
∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry is x =
=125
3.
= 6
∴ Minimum value = 6
24. (a) Substitute x = 2 and y = 7 into y = x2 + kx + 5.
7 = (2)2 + k(2) + 5
26. (a)
7 = 4  2k + 5
2k = 8
k=4
∴ y = x2 + 4x + 5
When y = 0,
x2 + 4x + 5 = 0
x2  4x  5 = 0
(x + 1)(x  5) = 0
x = 1 or 5
(ii) Minimum value = 5
∴ The x-intercepts are 1 and 5.
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is
27. (a)
x=
x=2
Substitute x = 2 into y = x2 + 4x + 5.
y = (2)2 + 4(2) + 5

3. (a) The graph opens downward.

(b) The maximum value of the function is 3.

(b) The minimum value of the function is 10.
(ii) Maximum value = 50 5. (a) The graph opens downward.
The coordinates of the vertex are (6 , 0).
28. (a) y = x  6x + 8
2
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (b) The maximum value of the function is 0.
y 8 3 0 1 0 3 8
6. (a) y = 9  5(x + 3)2
= 5(x + 3)2 + 9
The graph opens downward.
(b) The maximum value of the function is 9.
7. (a) From the graph, (2 , 7) is the vertex of the graph.

∴ a = 2, b = 7
∴ a=1
(b) (i) Coordinates of the vertex = (3 , 1) Substitute a = 1, x = 0 and y = 5 into
(ii) Minimum value = 1 y = 4(x  a)2 + b.
5 = 4(0  1)2 + b
Exercise 5B (P.5.28) 5 = 4 + b
1. (a) The graph opens upward. b = 9
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2. 8. (a) The vertex is (3 , 7).
(b) The minimum value of the function is 6. ∴ h = 3, k = 7
(b) From (a), y = a[x  (3)]2 + 7
2. (a) The graph opens upward. = a(x + 3)2 + 7
The coordinates of the vertex are (4 , 7). Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 into y = a(x + 3)2 + 7.
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4. 5 = a(2 + 3)2 + 7
(b) The minimum value of the function is 7. 5=a+7
a = 2

169 Solutions
= (x  4)2  16
9. Let y = a(x + 1)2  1. ∴ The minimum value of the function is 16 and
Substitute x = 0 and y = 4 into y = a(x + 1)  1.
2
the corresponding value of x is 4.
4 = a(0 + 1)2  1
4=a1
a=5
∴ f(x) = 5(x + 1)2  1
= 5(x2 + 2x + 1)  1
= 5x2 + 10x + 4
10. Let y = a(x  4)2  3. 14. y = x2  12x + 7

Substitute x = 1 and y = 15 into y = a(x  4)2  3. = (x2 + 12x) + 7
15 = a(1  4)2  3
=
18 = 9a
a=2 = (x2 + 12x + 36) + 36 + 7
∴ f(x) = 2(x  4)2  3 = (x + 6)2 + 43
= 2(x2  8x + 16)  3 ∴ The maximum value of the function is 43 and the
= 2x  16x + 29
2
corresponding value of x is 6.
11. y = x2 + 4x + 3 15. y = x2 + 14x  1
= x2 + 4x + = x2 + 14x + 1
= x2 + 4x + 4  4 + 3 = x2 + 14x + 49  49  1
= (x + 2)2  1 = (x + 7)2  50
∴ The minimum value of the function is 1 and the ∴ The minimum value of the function is 50 and
corresponding value of x is 2. the corresponding value of x is 7.
12. y = x2 + 6x − 2 16. y = x2  7x + 11

= (x2  6x) – 2
= x2  7x + + 11
=
= x2  7x +
= (x  6x + 9) + 9  2
2
= (x  3)2 + 7 =
∴ The maximum value of the function is 7 and the ∴
13. y = x2  8x
= x2  8x +
17. y = x2  8x + k
= x  8x + 16  16
2

= [(x2  14x + 49) + 49] cm2

= x2  8x +
= [(x  7)2 + 49] cm2
= x2  8x + 16 – 16 + k ∴ The maximum area of the trapezium is 49 cm2.
= (x  4)2  16 + k
∵ Minimum value = 7 21. The graph opens downward.
∴ 16 + k = 7 ∴ p<0
k=9 Coordinates of the vertex = (q , r)
The x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the vertex are
smaller than 0.
∴ q < 0, r < 0
∵ p+q+r<0
∴ The claim is agreed.
18. y = x + 4x + k
2
22. (a) From the graph, the coordinates of P are (3 , c).
= (x2  4x) + k ∴ a=3
b=c
=
Substitute a = 3, x = 0 and y = 22 into
= (x  4x + 4) + 4 + k
2
y = 2(x – a)2 + b.
= (x  2)2 + 4 + k 22 = 2(0 – 3)2 + b
∵ Maximum value = 2k 22 = 18 + b
∴ 4 + k = 2k b=4
k=4 ∴ c=4
(b) Minimum value = b
19. Let x be the smaller number. Then the other number is =4
x + 6.
Product of the two numbers 23. (a) C is the vertex of the graph.
= x(x + 6) ∴ The coordinates of the point C are (1 , 2).
= x + 6x
2
(b) Coordinates of the point A = (1 , 0)
Area of △ABC
= x2 + 6x +
= (AC)(OA)
= x2 + 6x + 9 – 9
= (x + 3)2  9 = [0  (2)](1)
∴ The minimum value of their product is 9. =1
20. Area of the trapezium 24. y = 2x2  4x + 5

= 2(x2  2x) + 5
= [(9  x) + (19  x)](x) cm2
=
= x(2x + 28) cm2
= 2(x2  2x + 1) – 2 + 5
= (x2  14x) cm2
= 2(x  1)2 + 3
= cm2 ∴ The minimum value of the function is 3 and the

171 Solutions
25. y = 4x2  16x  3

= 4(x2 + 4x)  3
= 4(x2 + 4x + 4) + 16  3
= 4(x + 2)2 + 13
coordinates of the vertex are (2 , 13).
26. y = 3x2 + 18x  9

= 3(x2 + 6x)  9 29. y = 7x2  21x + 6
= 7(x2  3x) + 6
=
=
= 3(x2 + 6x + 9)  27  9
= 3(x + 3)2  36 =
∴ The minimum value of the function is 36 and the
coordinates of the vertex are (−3 , −36). =
∴
27. y = 5x2 + 40x
= 5(x2  8x)
= 5(x2  8x + 16) + 80
30. (a) Substitute x = 1 and y = 32 into y = kx2 + 42x – 7.
= 5(x  4)2 + 80
32 = k(1)2 + 42(1) – 7
32 = k + 35
k = −3
Coefficient of x2 = k = −3 < 0
28. y = 2x2  10x + 3
= 2(x2 + 5x) + 3
(b) y = 3x2 + 42x  7
= = 3(x2  14x)  7
=
=
= 3(x2  14x + 49) + 147  7
=
= 3(x  7)2 + 140
∴ ∴ The maximum value of y is 140 and the
equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 7.

(1) + (2): 12 = 3a
a=4
Substitute a = 4 into (1).
2 = 2(4) + b
b = 6
31. (a) y-intercept = 1

∴ n = 1 (b) From (a),
y = x2 + mx  1 y = 4x2 – 6x + 1
= (x2  mx)  1
=
=
=
=
= =

=
∴ = 2 ∴
m = 4
(b) Maximum value of the function
=
(c)
=
=3
32. (a) Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 into y = ax2 + bx + 1.

5 = a(2)2 + b(2) + 1
4 = 4a + 2b 33. (a) y = x2 + 10x + k
2 = 2a + b ..................................... (1) = (x2  10x) + k
Substitute x = 1 and y = 11 into y = ax2 + bx + 1. =

11 = a(1) + b(1) + 1
2
10 = a  b ..................................... (2) = (x2  10x + 25) + 25 + k

= (x  5)2 + 25 + k

173 Solutions
∵ Maximum value = 36 = 2(x2  60x + 900) + 1 800  800

∴ 25 + k = 36 = 2(x  30)2 + 1 000
k = 11 When x = 30, P is at its maximum.
(b) From (a), ∴ The required value of x is 30.
coordinates of C = (5 , 36) (b) From (a), the maximum daily profit is $1 000.
∴ It is not possible that the daily profit of the
company exceeds $1 500.
(c) y = x2 + 10x + 11 36. Let x be one of the positive numbers. Then the other
When y = 0, positive number is 10 – x.
x + 10x + 11 = 0
2
Sum of the squares of the two numbers
x  10x  11 = 0
2
= x2 + (10  x)2
(x + 1)(x  11) = 0 = x2 + 100  20x + x2
x = 1 or 11 = 2x2  20x + 100
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 1 and 11. = 2(x2  10x) + 100
AB = 11  (1) = 12
=
Area of △ABC
= (12)(36) = 2(x2  10x + 25)  50 + 100

= 2(x  5)2 + 50
= 216
When x = 5, the sum of the squares of the two
numbers is a minimum and 10  x = 10  5 = 5.
34. h = 200t  5t2
∴ The two numbers are 5 and 5.
= 5(t2  40t)
= 37. (a) △XBA ~ △XZY (AAA)
=
= 5(t2  40t + 400) + 2 000
= 5(t  20)2 + 2 000
=
∴ The maximum height of the object above the
ground is 2 000 m. AB =
Alternative Method 1
35. (a) P = 2x2 + 120x  800
△ZBC ~ △ZXY (AAA)
= 2(x2  60x)  800
Let AB = y cm.
=
=

=
38. (a) Area of the sports ground
12  y =
=
y= = [(48  2x)x  2] m2
= (2x2 + 48x  2) m2
∴ AB =
Alternative Method 2 (b) Area of the sports ground

△XBA ~ △BZC (AAA) = (2x2 + 48x  2) m2
Let AB = y cm. = [2(x2  24x)  2] m2
= =
= m2
= [2(x2  24x + 144) + 288  2] m2
xy = (8  x)(12  y)
= [2(x  12)2 + 286] m2
xy = 96  12x  8y + xy
∴ The largest possible area of the sports
8y = 96  12x
ground is 286 m2.
y= ∴ The area of the sports ground cannot be
greater than 290 m2.
∴ AB =
(b) Area of the rectangle ABCY 39. (a) = 9x + 8y ........................... (1)

= (AB)(AY) A = 3x(2y)
A = 6xy ................................ (2)
= cm2
From (1), y = .............. (3)
= cm2
Substitute (3) into (2).
= cm2 A=
= cm2 =
= cm2 =
∴ The maximum area of the rectangle ABCY

is 24 cm2.

175 Solutions
= 16P
=
P=
=
2. (a) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3.
= (b) Maximum value = 8
∴ 3. y = x2 + 7x + 12
y-intercept = 12
When y = 0,
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(x + 3)(x + 4) = 0
x = 3 or 4
∴ The x-intercepts are 3 and 4.
(b) From (a), the maximum value of A is and
4. y = x2 + 9x  14
the corresponding value of x is .
Substitute x = and A = into A = 6xy. ∴ The graph opens downward.
y-intercept = 14
=6 (y) When y = 0,
x2 + 9x  14 = 0
y=
x2  9x + 14 = 0
(x  2)(x  7) = 0
∴ = x = 2 or 7
∴ The x-intercepts are 2 and 7.
= 5. y = 3x2  2x + 5
Supplementary Exercise 5 (P.5.34) ∴ The graph opens downward.
1. (a) The graph opens downward. y-intercept = 5
∴ The value of the constant P is negative. When y = 0,
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 0. 3x2  2x + 5 = 0
Maximum value = 0 3x2 + 2x  5 = 0
(x  1)(3x + 5) = 0
(c) Substitute x = 4 and y = into y = Px2.
x = 1 or
= P(4)2
∴

= 5
6. y = 2(x  3) 2
= 2(x2  6x + 9) 9. (a) The graph opens upward.

= 2x2  12x + 18 The coordinates of the vertex are (9 , 11).
Coefficient of x2 = 2 > 0 The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 9.
∴ The graph opens upward. (b) The minimum value of the function is 11.
y-intercept = 18
When y = 0, 10. (a) The graph opens downward.
2(x – 3)2 = 0 The coordinates of the vertex are (8 , 5).
x = 3 (repeated) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 8.
∴ The x-intercept is 3. (b) The maximum value of the function is 5.
7. (a) The x-intercepts of the graph are 6 and 0. 11. (a) The graph opens downward.
The equation of the axis of symmetry is The coordinates of the vertex are (1 , 4).
x=
(b) The maximum value of the function is 4.
x = 3

x= The coordinates of the vertex are (6 , 3).
x=2
(b) The minimum value of the function is 3.
8. (a) The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex.

13. y = (x  2)2  1
When y = 0,
Substitute x = 1 into y = x2  2x + 14.
(x  2)2  1 = 0
y = (1)2  2(1) + 14
(x  2 + 1)(x  2  1) = 0
= 1 + 2 + 14
(x  1)(x  3) = 0
= 15
x = 1 or 3
∴ The coordinates of A and B are (1 , 0) and (3 , 0)
respectively.
Maximum value = y-coordinate of the vertex
When x = 0,
= 15
y = (0  2)2  1
(b) Substitute x = 1 into y = 4x2 + 8x  1.
=3
y = 4(1)2 + 8(1)  1
∴ The coordinates of C are (0 , 3).
=481
The coordinates of the vertex V are (2 , 1).
= 5
14. Let y = a(x + 2)2 + 8.
Substitute x = 1 and y = 10 into y = a(x + 2)2 + 8.
Minimum value = y-coordinate of the vertex
10 = a(1 + 2)2 + 8

177 Solutions
18 = 9a ∴ The maximum value of the function is 5.

a = 2 (b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 4.
∴ f(x) = 2(x + 2) + 82
= 2(x2 + 4x + 4) + 8
= 2x2  8x 19. y = x2 + 2x + k
=
15. (a) y = x2  8x  4
= x2 + 2x + 1  1 + k
=
= (x + 1)2  1 + k
= x2  8x + 16  16  4 ∵ Minimum value = 3
= (x  4)2  20 ∴ 1 + k = 3
∴ The minimum value of the function is 20. k=4
16. (a) y = 6  3x2 20. y = x2  kx  6

= 3(x  0)2 + 6 = (x2 + kx)  6
∴ The maximum value of the function is 6.
=
=
17. (a) y = x2 + 20x  75

=
=
∵ Maximum value = 10
= x2 + 20x + 100  100  75
∴ – 6 = 10
= (x + 10)2  175
∴ The minimum value of the function is 175. = 16
(b) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 10.
k2 = 64
k = 8
18. (a) y = 16x  27  2x2

21. Area of the rectangle
= 2x2 + 16x  27
= x(24  2x) cm2
= 2(x2  8x)  27
= 2(x2  12x) cm2
=
= cm2
= 2(x2  8x + 16) + 32  27
= [2(x2  12x + 36) + 72] cm2
= 2(x  4)2 + 5

= [2(x  6)2 + 72] cm2

∴ The maximum area of the rectangle is 72 cm2.
22. (a) P = 3x2 + 300x – 4 000

= 3(x2  100x) – 4 000
=
= 3(x2  100x + 2 500) + 7 500  4 000

= 3(x  50)2 + 3 500
When x = 50, P is at its maximum.
∴ The selling price of each doll should be $50
24. (a) Substitute x = 4 and y = 8 into y = 2x2  bx + 24.
so that the profit made is a maximum.
8 = 2(4)2  b(4) + 24
(b) From (a), the maximum profit is $3 500.
8 = 32  4b + 24
∴ It is not possible that John makes a profit of
4b = 48
$4 000 within one week.
b = 12
(b) From (a), y = 2x2  12x + 24.
From the graph, the y-coordinate of the vertex is 6.
Substitute y = 6 into y = 2x2  12x + 24.
6 = 2x2  12x + 24
23. (a) The coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0).
2x2  12x + 18 = 0
(b) When y = , x2  6x + 9 = 0
(x  3)2 = 0
=
x = 3 (repeated)
∴ The coordinates of the vertex are (3 , 6) and
x2 =
the minimum value of the function is 6.
x=
From the graph, a > 0 and b < 0.
∴ 25. (a) y-intercept = 0

∴ c=0
(c)
i.e. y = ax2 + bx
Substitute x = 8 and y = 0 into y = ax2 + bx.
0 = a(8)2 + b(8)
0 = 8a  b ............................ (1)
Substitute x = 1 and y = 18 into y = ax2 + bx.
18 = a(1)2 + b(1)
18 = a + b .......................... (2)
(1) + (2): 18 = 9a
a = 2
Substitute a = 2 into (2).

179 Solutions
18 = 2 + b
b = 16
x=
x = 4
(c) From (a), y = 2x2  16x.
Substitute x = 4 into y = 2x2  16x.
y = 2(4)2  16(4)
= 32 + 64
(b) Coordinates of the vertex = (1 , 6)
= 32
∴ Coordinates of V = (4 , 32)
Area of △VAO
28. (a) y = 3x2 + 12x  5
= [0  (8)](32) x 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
= 128 y 10 5 14 17 14 5 10

∴ a>0
∴ c>0
∵ a+c>0
∴ a + c < 0 is not true.
(b) The minimum value of the function is 17.

∴ The discriminant of the equation 29. (a) The maximum value of the function is 9.
ax2  14x +c = 0 is greater than 0. ∴ k=9
(14)2  4ac > 0 (b) When x = 0,
196 > 4ac y = (0  4)2 + 9
ac < 49 = 16 + 9
∴ ac < 49 is true. = 7
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 7).
27. (a) y = x2 + 2x + 5 (c) y = (x  4)2 + 9
x 0 1 2 3 4 ∴ Coordinates of P = (4 , 9)
2 1
Area of △OPQ
y 3 2 5 6 5 2 3

32. y = 2x2 + 6x − 10
= [0  (7)](4)
= 2(x2 + 3x) – 10
= 14
=
30. (a) The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2.
∴ h=2 =
(b) From (a), y = a(x  2)2 + k.

=
Substitute x = 3 and y = 7 into y = a(x  2)2 + k.
7 = a(3  2)2 + k ∴
7 = a + k .............................. (1)
Substitute x = 4 and y = 11 into y = a(x  2)2 + k.
11 = a(4  2)2 + k
11 = 4a + k .......................... (2)
(2)  (1): 4 = 3a
33. y = 1 + 2x 
a=
=
∵ a>0
∴ The graph opens upward. =
(c) Substitute a = into (1).
=
7= +k
=
k=
∴ y=
When x = 0,
y=
= 11
∴ The y-intercept of the graph is 11.
31. y = 3x2 + 18x

= 3(x2  6x) 34. y = (4  x)(13 + x)
= 52  9x  x2
=
= (x2 + 9x) + 52
= 3(x2  6x + 9) + 27
=
= 3(x  3)2 + 27
=

181 Solutions
=4
=
∴
37. (a) y = 2x2  8x + c
= 2(x2 + 4x) + c
= 2(x2 + 4x + 4) + 8 + c
35. (a) y = x2  8x + 19 = 2(x + 2)2 + 8 + c
= ∵ Maximum value = 7
∴ 8+c=7
= x2  8x + 16  16 + 19
c = 1
= (x  4)2 + 3
(b) The value of x is 2 when y is a maximum.
∴ The coordinates of R are (4 , 3).
(c) y = 2x2  8x  1
(b) ∵ The coordinates of R are (4 , 3).
When y = 0,
∴ PR = 3
2x2  8x  1 = 0
RQ = 4
2x2 + 8x + 1 = 0
Area of OPRQ
= (PR)(RQ) x=
= (3)(4)
= 12 =
=
36. (a) y = 2x2 + bx + c
= =
∴
= y-intercept = 1
∵ The equation of the axis of symmetry is x =

1.
∴ = 1
b=4
(b) (i) ∵ y-intercept = 6 38. Length of another part of the metal wire = (80  4k) cm
∴ c=6 Total area of the two squares
(ii) Minimum value =

=
= = [k2 + (20  k)2] cm2

= (k2 + 400  40k + k2) cm2

= m2
= (2k2  40k + 400) cm2
= [2(k2  20k) + 400] cm2
= m2
=
=
= [2(k2  20k + 100)  200 + 400] cm2
(b) Area of the garden
= [2(k  10)2 + 200] cm2
∴ The required value of k is 10. =
39. (a) Area =

= [x(2x + y) + xy] cm 2
=
= (2x2 + xy + xy) cm2
= (2x2 + 2xy) cm2
Perimeter
= [(2x + y) + 6x + y] cm
=
= (8x + 2y) cm
(b) ∵ Perimeter of the cardboard = 18 cm
∴ 8x + 2y = 18 =
4x + y = 9 Maximum area of the garden

y = 9  4x
= m2
Area
= (2x2 + 2xy) cm2  1 592 m2
= [2x2 + 2x(9  4x)] cm2 < 1 600 m2
= (2x2 + 18x  8x2) cm2 ∴ The area of the garden cannot exceed 1 600
= (6x2 + 18x) cm2 m2.
= 6(x2  3x) cm2
= cm2
= cm2
= cm2
∴ The maximum area of the cardboard is

13.5 cm2.
40. (a) ∵ Length of the fence = 100 m
∴ 2× × 2x + y = 100
41. Let AP = BQ = CR = DS = x cm.
y = 100  x In △APS, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
Area of the garden PS2 = AP2 + AS2

183 Solutions
= [x2 + (10  x)2] cm2 = $qp

Area of PQRS = $(20 000  50p)p
= PS 2
= $(20 000p  50p2)
= [x2 + (10  x)2] cm2 = $[50(p2  400p)]
= (x2 + 100  20x + x2) cm2 =
= (2x2  20x + 100) cm2

= [2(x2  10x) + 100] cm2
= $[50(p2  400p + 40 000) + 2 000 000]
=
= $[50(p  200)2 + 2 000 000]
When p = 200, the total income is at its maximum.
= [2(x2  10x + 25)  50 + 100] cm2
∴ The required price is $200.
= [2(x  5)2 + 50] cm2
∴ Minimum area of PQRS = 50 cm2
44. (a) P =
42. (a) Length of the auditorium
= (200 + 100x)(3  x)
= [160  2(x  2)] m
= 600 + 100x  100x2
= (164  2x) m
∴ P = 100x2 + 100x + 600
∴ Area of the auditorium
(b) P = 100x2 + 100x + 600
= x(164  2x) m2
= 100(x2  x) + 600
(b) Area of the auditorium
= x(164  2x) m2 =
= 2(x  82x) m
2 2
=
= m2
= [2(x2  82x + 1 681) + 3 362] m2 =

= [2(x  41)2 + 3 362] m2
When x = , P is at its maximum.
When x = 41, the area of the auditorium is a
maximum and
Selling price =
the length of the auditorium
= (164 – 2x) m = $4.5
= [164 – 2(41)] m ∴ The required selling price is $4.5 and the
= 82 m maximum total profit is $625.
∴ The required width and length are 41 m and
82 m respectively, and the corresponding 45. (a) h(x) = 5f(x) + g(x)
maximum area is 3 362 m2. = 5(x2 + 2x  1) + [(x2 + 2x  1)  4]
(c) Maximum number of chairs that can be put = 5x2 + 10x  5 + x2 + 2x  5
∴ h(x) = 6x2 + 12x  10
=
= 3 856
43. (a) q = 12 000  50(p  160) (b) h(x) = 6x2 + 12x  10
∴ q = 20 000  50p = 6(x2 + 2x)  10
(b) Total income

= (x2  kx) + k
=
=
= 6(x2 + 2x + 1)  6  10
= 6(x + 1)2  16
=
∴ The minimum value of h(x) is 16.
(c) h(x) = k
=
6x + 12x  10 = k
2
∴
6x2 + 12x  10  k = 0
∵ The equation has real root(s).
∴ ∆0
(b) Coordinates of P =
12  4(6)(10  k)  0
2
144 + 240 + 24k ≥ 0 Coordinates of Q = (0 , k)

24k  384 ∵ PR is a part of the axis of symmetry of the
k  16 graph.
∴ The minimum value of k is 16. ∴ QO // PR
In △OSQ and △PSR,
46. (a) y = x  10x  k
2
SOQ = SPR
= SQO = SRP
OSQ = PSR
= x2  10x + 25  25  k ∴ △OSQ ~ △PSR (AAA)
= (x  5)2  25  k
∴ =
∵ Minimum value = −32
∴ 25  k = 32
k=7 =
(b)  and  are the two roots of the equation

x2 – 10x – 7 = 0. =
∴  += = 10
=
 = = −7
= (∵ k  0)
 +
3 3
20 = 2k + 8
= ( + )( 2   +  2)
12 = 2k
= ( + )( 2 + 2 +  2  2  )
k=6
= ( + )[( + )2  3]
= (10)[(10)2  3(7)]
= 1 210
47. (a) y = x2 + kx + k

185 Solutions
Alternative Method (d) ∵ OS : SP = 2 : 5

∴ Area of △OQS : area of △PQS = 2 : 5
Coordinates of P =
Area of △PQS
Coordinates of R = =  area of △OPQ
Coordinates of Q = (0 , k) = 9
Coordinates of S
=
=
48. B
= I. The graph of y = x2 opens upward.
∵ The points R, S and Q are collinear. ∴ I is not true.
∴ Slope of QS = slope of QR II. ∵ 3>

∴ The opening of the graph of y = 3x2 is
= narrower than that of y = x 2.
i.e. II is true.
III. The axis of symmetry of the graph of y = 3x2 is
= x = 0.
∴ III is not true.
∴ Only II is true.
= 2 (∵ k  0)
49. D
= 3
∵ y-intercept = 8
k=6 ∴ k = 8
(c) When k = 6, ∴ y = 2x2  4x  8
coordinates of P The axis of symmetry passes through the vertex.
=
Substitute x = 1 into y = 2x2  4x  8.
= (3 , 15) y = 2(1)2  4(1)  8
coordinates of Q = (0 , 6) = 10
Area of △OPQ Minimum value = y-coordinate of the vertex
= (6)(3) = 10
=9

50. A 53. C
Let y = a(x + 5)(x  2). A. y = x2  3x + 6
The graph passes through (0 , 4). = (x2 + 3x) + 6
Substitute x = 0 and y = 4 into y = a(x + 5)(x  2).
=
4 = a(0 + 5)(0  2)
4 = 10a
=
a=
=
∴
∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry is
x= .
51. B
The graph opens upward. B. y = x2 + 3x + 3
∴ p>0 =
∴ r > 0 =
r<0
=
The graph has two x-intercepts.
∴ The discriminant of the equation px2  qx  r = 0 ∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry is
is greater than 0. x= .
(q)  4p(r) > 0
2
C. y = x2  6x  8
q2 + 4pr > 0
= (x2 + 6x)  8
52. D =
y = x2 + 4x – 5
= (x2 + 6x + 9) + 9  8
= (x2  4x)  5
= (x + 3)2 + 1
= ∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry is x =
3.
= (x2  4x + 4) + 4  5
D. y = x2  6x + 3
= (x  2)2  1
∴ The graph opens downward and the coordinates =
of the vertex are (2 , 1). = x2  6x + 9  9 + 3

∴ D may represent the graph of y = x + 4x  5.
2
= (x  3)2  6
∴ The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 3.
∴ The answer is C.

187 Solutions
54. B 58. C 59. D 60. C 61. D

A. y = x  8x + 7
2
= (x2 + 8x) + 7 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. D
=
66. A
= (x + 8x + 16) + 16 + 7
2
= (x + 4)2 + 23 Inquiry & Investigation 5.1 (P.5.44)

∴ The maximum value of the function is 23. Investigation Steps
B. y = x + 4x + 3
2 1. Area = x2 square units
= (x2  4x) + 3
3. Total area of the figure
=
= square units
= (x2  4x + 4) + 4 + 3
= (x  2)2 + 7 = (x2 + 14x) square units
∴ The maximum value of the function is 7.
C. Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0 4.
∴ The function does not have maximum value.
D. Coefficient of x2 = 1 > 0
∴ The function does not have maximum value. in the top right corner of the figure.
∴ The answer is B. Area of this small figure
= 72 square units
55. A = 49 square units
Area of the triangle

5. The required constant = 49
= x(8  4x) m2
= (2x2 + 4x) m2 Conclusion

= 2(x  2x) m
2 2 For the quadratic polynomial x2 + bx,
area of the larger square + total area of the two rectangles +
= m2
area of the smaller square
= [2(x2  2x + 1) + 2] m2 =
= [2(x  1) + 2] m
2 2
∴ The maximum area of the triangle is 2 m2. =
56. (a) (i) x = 11 (ii) (11 , 23)

(b) (i) 6 (ii) 69
57. (a) (18 , 324)
(b) (i) A = 54x  x2 (ii) no

3. (a) P = 10A  A2
Extension
Divide the coefficient of x in the quadratic polynomial = (A2  30A)
x2 + 10x by 2 and get 5.
Add a constant 25 (= 52) to x2 + 10x in order to make it a = (1M)
perfect square.
= (A2  30A + 225) + 75
x2 + 10x = 39
x2 + 10x + 25 = 39 + 25
= (A  15)2 + 75 (1A)
(x + 5) = 64
2
When A = 15, P is at its maximum.

(x + 5)2  64 = 0
∴ The surface area of each souvenir is 15 cm2
(x + 5 + 8)(x + 5  8) = 0
so that the profit is a maximum. (1A)
(x + 13)(x  3) = 0
(b) From (a), the maximum value of P is 75. (1M)
x = 13 or 3
∴ The profit in selling a souvenir cannot
exceed $80. (1A)
Unit Test (P.5.45)
1. (a) Coordinates of the vertex = (2 , k)
4. A
Substitute x = 2 and y = k into y = x2  4x  k  6.
Let y = a(x + 2)(x  3).
k = (2)2  4(2)  k  6 (1M)
The graph passes through (0 , 6).
2k = 10
k = –5 (1A) Substitute x = 0 and y = 6 into y = a(x + 2)(x  3).
6 = a(0 + 2)(0  3)
(b) y-intercept = k  6
6 = 6a
= (5)  6
a = 1
= 1 (1A)
∴ y = (x + 2)(x  3)
2. y = (x + 1)(x + 5) + k
5. B
= x2 + 6x + 5 + k (1M)
I. The graph opens upward.
= ∴ a>0
= x2 + 6x + 9  9 + 5 + k i.e. I is true.
= (x + 3)2  4 + k (1A) II. y-intercept of the graph > 0

∵ Minimum value = 3 ∴ b>0
∴ 4 + k = 3 (1M) i.e. II is not true.

k=7 (1A) III. The graph does not have any x-intercepts.
ax2 + 4x + b = 0 is smaller than 0.
42 – 4ab < 0
16 < 4ab
ab > 4
i.e. III is true.
∴ Only I and III are true.

189 Solutions
6. C
The graph opens downward.
∴ a<0
Maximum value of the function > 0
∴ b>0
∴ a < 0 and b > 0.
7. D
A. The coordinates of the vertex of the graph are
(1 , 27).
∴ A is not true.
B. The equation of the axis of symmetry of the
graph is x = 1.
∴ B is not true.
C. When x = 0,
y = 3(0  1)2 + 27
= 24
∴ The y-intercept of the graph is 24.
∴ C is not true.
D. When y = 0,
3(x  1)2 + 27 = 0
(x  1)2  9 = 0
(x  1 + 3)(x  1  3) = 0
(x + 2)(x  4) = 0
x = 2 or 4
∴ The x-intercepts of the graph are 2 and 4.
∴ D is true.

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158

Instant Drill 2 (P.5.8) Instant Drill 4 (P.5.10)

© Oxford University Press 2014

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 10 (P.5.25) Instant Drill 11 (P.5.25)

= = (x2 + 16x) cm2

= (x2  16x) cm2

∴ The maximum area is 32 cm2.

= 2(n2  80n + 1 600)  3 200 + 5 700

Instant Drill 13 (P.5.27)

© Oxford University Press 2014

3. From the directions of opening of the graphs, we

= (3x  x2) m2 R are smaller than 0. By comparing the widths of the

∵ m2 < 1.2 m2 2. (a) y = x2 + 3x + 5

© Oxford University Press 2014

(d) (i) The graph opens upward.

Instant Drill Corner 5.3 (P.5.20) 3. x2  6x + = (x  3)2

The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 7.

© Oxford University Press 2014

= (x2  14x + 49) + 49 + 1 = 3(x2  80x + 1 600) + 4 800

= 3(x2  2x + 1)  3 + 4 Exercise 5A (P.5.13)

= 2(x + 2)2 + 3 Coefficient of x2 = >0

2. (a) Substitute x = 3 and y = 5 into y = ax2 + 8x  1.

© Oxford University Press 2014

5. (a) y-intercept = 5 9. y = x2 + 14x  49

© Oxford University Press 2014

x = 2 the coordinates of the vertex are (0 , 0).

∴ The x-intercepts are 2 and 2. (c) For y = 5x2:

© Oxford University Press 2014

17. y = 3 + 7x  6x2 20. y = 18  2(1  x)2

21. (a) The graph opens upward.

© Oxford University Press 2014

© Oxford University Press 2014

3. (a) The graph opens downward.

4. (a) The graph opens upward.

7. (a) From the graph, (2 , 7) is the vertex of the graph.

© Oxford University Press 2014

10. Let y = a(x  4)2  3. 14. y = x2  12x + 7

11. y = x2 + 4x + 3 15. y = x2 + 14x  1

12. y = x2 + 6x − 2 16. y = x2  7x + 11

© Oxford University Press 2014

= [(x2  14x + 49) + 49] cm2

20. Area of the trapezium 24. y = 2x2  4x + 5

© Oxford University Press 2014

25. y = 4x2  16x  3

26. y = 3x2 + 18x  9

© Oxford University Press 2014

31. (a) y-intercept = 1

The equation of the axis of symmetry is x = 2.

32. (a) Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 into y = ax2 + bx + 1.

2 = 2a + b ..................................... (1) = (x2  10x) + k

Substitute x = 1 and y = 11 into y = ax2 + bx + 1. =

10 = a  b ..................................... (2) = (x2  10x + 25) + 25 + k

© Oxford University Press 2014

∵ Maximum value = 36 = 2(x2  60x + 900) + 1 800  800

= (12)(36) = 2(x2  10x + 25)  50 + 100

= 37. (a) △XBA ~ △XZY (AAA)

© Oxford University Press 2014

Alternative Method 2 (b) Area of the sports ground

(b) Area of the rectangle ABCY 39. (a) = 9x + 8y ........................... (1)

∴ The maximum area of the rectangle ABCY

© Oxford University Press 2014