4A Chapter 2 Full Sol

38
Chapter 2 Equations of Straight Lines
Q & A (P.2.1) 0−4

(b) Slope of AB = = −4
19 .6 − 9.8 2 −1
Slope =
2 −1 −2 − 0
Slope of BC = = −2
= 9.8 3− 2
∵ Slope of AB  slope of BC
∴ A, B and C are not collinear.
Review Exercise (P.2.4)
1. (a) Distance = (4 − 0) 2 + (9 − 6) 2
4. ∵ P, Q and R are collinear.
= 42 + 32 ∴ Slope of PQ = slope of QR
=5 3−6 a −3
=
(b) Distance = (8 − 2) + (8 − 0)
2 2 1 − 0 −1 − 1
6=a−3
= 6 2 + 82
a=9
= 10
(c) Distance = (6 − 1) 2 + (−7 − 5) 2 3 − (−1) 4
5. (a) Slope of L1 = =
= 5 2 + (−12 ) 2 1 − ( −2 ) 3
Slope of L2 = 2
= 13
∵ Slope of L1  slope of L2
(d) Distance = (−2 − 4) 2 + [7 − (−1)] 2
∴ L1 and L2 are not parallel.
= (−6) 2 + 8 2 4−5 1
(b) Slope of L1 = =−
= 10 3−0 3
0−3 1
4−0 Slope of L2 = =−
2. (a) Slope of PQ = 9−0 3
2−0
∵ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
=2
∴ L1 and L2 are parallel.
9−3
(b) Slope of PQ =
8 − (−2)
3 5 − (−2)
= 6. (a) Slope of L1 = =1
5 2 − (−5)
3 − (−1) Slope of L2 = −1
(c) Slope of PQ =
−1− 5 ∵ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1  (−1) = −1
2
=− ∴ L1 and L2 are perpendicular.
3
−7 − (−7) 2−3 1
(d) Slope of PQ = (b) Slope of L1 = =−
4 − (−4) 4 − (−2) 6
0 − ( −4 )
=0 Slope of L2 = =4
1− 0
2 −1 1 1 2
3. (a) Slope of AB = = ∵ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −  4 = −  −1
3 −1 2 6 3
5−2 1 ∴ L1 and L2 are not perpendicular.
Slope of BC = =
9−3 2
∵ Slope of AB = slope of BC
∴ A, B and C are collinear.
© Oxford University Press 2023

Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 39
7. (a) ∵ L1 // PQ 10. (a) Coordinates of P

∴ Slope of L1  1(0) + 2(6) 1(1) + 2(7) 
= , 
= slope of PQ  2 +1 2 +1 
8−4 = (4 , 5)
=
−5−7 (b) Coordinates of P
1
=−  3(1) + 1(−3) 3(8) + 1(4) 
3 = , 
 1+ 3 1+ 3 
(b) ∵ L2 ⊥ PQ
= (0 , 7)
∴ Slope of L2  slope of PQ = −1
(c) Coordinates of P
 1
Slope of L2   −  = −1  2(9) + 3(4) 2(4) + 3(−6) 
 3 = , 
 3+ 2 3+ 2 
Slope of L2 = 3
= (6 , −2)
8. (a) ∵ L1 // L2
11. AB = 5QB
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
AQ + QB = 5QB
5−n
−4 = AQ = 4QB
2 − (−2)
AQ
−16 = 5 − n =4
QB
n = 21
∴ AQ : QB = 4 : 1
(b) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
Coordinates of Q
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
5−n  1(−5) + 4(0) 1(−8) + 4(2) 
−4  = −1 = , 
2 − (−2)  4 +1 4 +1 
n − 5 = −1 = (−1 , 0)
n=4
Quick Quiz 2.1 (P.2.7)
9. (a) Coordinates of the mid-point 1. (a) Slope of L
 1+1 4 + 8  = tan 36

= , 
 2 2  = 0.727, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= (1 , 6) (b) Slope of L
(b) Coordinates of the mid-point = tan (180 − 130)
 7 + 3 1+ 5  = 1.19, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= , 
 2 2 
= (5 , 3) 2. (a) tan  = slope of L
(c) Coordinates of the mid-point =3
 −5+9 0+6  = 71.6, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= , 
 2 2 
(b) tan  = slope of L
= (2 , 3)
= 0.4
(d) Coordinates of the mid-point
 = 21.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
 0 + (−2) − 6 + (−10) 
= , 
 2 2 
= (−1 , −8)

40 Solutions
Quick Quiz 2.2 (P.2.28) 2. (a) Slope of L

1. A = 3, B = 4, C = −24 −2 − 1
=
3 −1− 5
Slope = − −3
4 =
−24 −6
x-intercept = − =8 1
3 =
−24 2
y-intercept = − =6
4 (b) Let  be the inclination of L.
tan  = slope of L
2. A = 2, B = −7, C = 21 1
2 2 =
Slope = − = 2
−7 7
 = 27, cor. to the nearest degree
21
x-intercept = − ∴ The inclination of L is 27.
2
21
−7 Instant Drill 2 (P.2.9)
1. (a) With the notations in the figure,
3. A = 2, B = 3, C = 15
2
Slope = −
3
15 
x-intercept = −
2
15
y-intercept = − = −5
3
 + 15 = 75
4. A = 12, B = −9, C = 0  = 60
Slope = −
12 4
= ∴ The inclination of L2 is 60.
−9 3
(b) Slope of L2
0
x-intercept = − = 0 = tan 
12
0 = tan 60
−9 3
=
Instant Drill 1 (P.2.8)

1. (a) Slope of L
2 − (−6)
=
3 −1 
=
8 
2
=4
(b) Let  be the inclination of L.
 + 48 = 110
 = 62
=4
 =  = 62
 = 76, cor. to the nearest degree
∴ The inclination of L2 is 62.
∴ The inclination of L is 76.

(b) Slope of L2 (c) 4x − 4y + 9 = 0

= tan  4y = 4x + 9
= tan 62 9
y=x+
= 1.9, cor. to 1 d.p. 4
9
∴ The slope is 1 and the y -intercept is .
4
(a) The equation of L is (d) 3x − 5y = 0
5y = 3x
y − 2 = 6(x − 1)
3
y − 2 = 6x − 6 y= x
5
6x − y − 4 = 0 3
∴ The slope is and the y -intercept is 0.
(b) The equation of L is 5
1
y−0= (x − 5)
4
4y = x − 5
(a) The equation of L is
x − 4y − 5 = 0
4−2
(c) The equation of L is y−2= (x − 1)
3 −1
3 y−2=x−1
y − 3 =− [x − (−4)]
2
x−y+1=0
3
y − 3 = − (x + 4) (b) The equation of L is
2
2y − 6 = −3x − 12 −3 − 7
y − 7= [x − (−1)]
4 − (−1)
3x + 2y + 6 = 0
y − 7 = −2(x + 1)
Instant Drill 4 (P.2.13) y − 7 = −2x − 2
(a) The equation of L is 2x + y − 5 = 0
y = −2x + 5
2x + y − 5 = 0 Instant Drill 7 (P.2.18)
(b) The equation of L is (a) The equation of L is

1
1
y = x + (−2) y=− x+5
3 2
3y = x − 6 2y = −x + 10
x − 3y − 6 = 0 x + 2y − 10 = 0
(c) The equation of L is (b) Substitute (4 , a) into x + 2y − 10 = 0.
1
y= x+0 4 + 2a − 10 = 0
4
2a = 6
4y = x
a=3
x − 4y = 0
(c) Substitute (1 , 3) into x + 2y − 10 = 0.
Instant Drill 5 (P.2.14) L.H.S. = 1 + 2(3) − 10
(a) The slope is 7 and the y-intercept is −4. = −3
(b) x + y + 3 = 0  R.H.S.
y = −x − 3 The coordinates of S do not satisfy the equation of L.
∴ The slope is −1 and the y-intercept is −3. ∴ S does not lie on L.

42 Solutions
Instant Drill 8 (P.2.18) Instant Drill 10 (P.2.20)

(a) Inclination of L1 = 180 − 135 = 45 (a) The coordinates of B are (4 , 2).
Slope of L1 = tan 45 = 1 The coordinates of C are (−2 , −4).
The equation of L1 is (b) Coordinates of the mid-point of AC
y − 4 = 1[x − (−2)]  4 + (−2) − 2 + (−4) 
= , 
y−4=x+2  2 2 
x−y+6=0 = (1 , −3)
(b) Substitute y = 0 into x − y + 6 = 0. The equation of L is

2 − (−3)
x−0+6=0 y − (−3) = (x − 1)
4 −1
x = −6 5
y + 3 = (x − 1)
∴ The coordinates of B are (−6 , 0). 3
∴ The equation of L2 is x = −6. 3y + 9 = 5x − 5
5x − 3y − 14 = 0
(c) Substitute x = 0 into x − y + 6 = 0.
0−y+6=0 Instant Drill 11 (P.2.28)
y=6
1. (a) x-intercept of L = −3
∴ The coordinates of C are (0 , 6). k
− = −3
∴ The equation of L3 is y = 6. 3
k=9
k 9
Instant Drill 9 (P.2.19) (b) y-intercept of L = − =
5−2 1 −2 2
(a) Slope of L1 = =
5 − (−1) 2
(b) ∵ L2 ⊥ L1 2. (a) Slope of L = −2
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 k
− = −2
2
1
Slope of L2  = −1 k=4
2
Slope of L2 = −2 (b) x-intercept of L = −
1
=−
1
The equation of L2 is k 4
y − 5 = −2(x − 5)
y − 5 = −2x + 10 Instant Drill 12 (P.2.29)
1
2x + y − 15 = 0 1. (a) Slope of L1 = −
k
(c) ∵ L3 // L1
4
1 Slope of L2 = − = −4
∴ Slope of L3 = slope of L1 = 1
2 ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
The equation of L3 is
1
y − 0 = (x − 0) 1
2 −  (−4) = −1
k
2y = x
k = −
x − 2y = 0
20 20
(b) y-intercept of L1 = − =− =5
k −4

k The equation of L2 is
2. Slope of L1 = −
3 1
9 3 y−0= (x − 4)
Slope of L2 = − = 2
−6 2 2y = x − 4
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
x − 2y − 4 = 0
(b) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P.
k 3
−  = −1 ∵ P lies on L2.
3 2
∴ h − 2k − 4 = 0
k=2
h = 2k + 4
−8 −8
x-intercept of L1 = − =− =4 The coordinates of P are (2k + 4 , k).
k 2
∵ QP = RP
Instant Drill 13 (P.2.30) ∴ (2k + 4 − 2) 2 + (k − 2) 2

2 1
1. Slope of L1 = − = = ( 2 k + 4 − 4) 2 + ( k − 0) 2
− 10 5
∵ L2 // L1 (2k + 2)2 + (k − 2)2 = (2k)2 + k2
1 4k2 + 8k + 4 + k2 − 4k + 4 = 4k2 + k2
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 =
5 4k = −8
The equation of L2 is k = −2
1
y = x + (−3) When k = −2, h = 2(−2) + 4 = 0.
5
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , −2).
5y = x − 15
x − 5y − 15 = 0
5 45
2. Slope of L2 = − (a) x-intercept of L1 = − = −9
3 5
∵ L1 ⊥ L2 ∴ The coordinates of P are (−9 , 0).
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1 45
y-intercept of L1 = − = 15
−3
 5
Slope of L1   −  = −1 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 15).
 3
5 5
3 (b) Slope of L1 = − =
Slope of L1 = −3 3
5
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
3 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1
y − 3 = (x − 1)
5 5
Slope of L2  = −1
5y − 15 = 3x − 3 3
3
3x − 5y + 12 = 0 Slope of L2 = −
5
Instant Drill 14 (P.2.31) 3
1 1 y = − x + 15
(a) Slope of L1 = − = 5
−2 2 5y = −3x + 75
∵ L2 // L1
3x + 5y − 75 = 0
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1
1
=
2

44 Solutions
−75
(c) x-intercept of L2 = − = 25
3 2. (a) From the figure,
∴ The coordinates of R are (25 , 0).
y-intercept of L < 0
∵ RM is a median of △PQR.
12
∴ M is the mid-point of PQ. − <0
−b
Coordinates of M 12
<0
 − 9 + 0 0 + 15  b
= , 
 2 2  b<0
 9 15  Construct a straight line L1 which passes through
=− , 
 2 2 (6 , 0) and (0 , −4).
Let D be a point on the x-axis such that MD ⊥ PR.
y L1
L2 L1
Slope of L > slope of L1

P x a 0 − (−4)
D O R − >
−b 6−0
15 15 a 2
MD = −0= >
2 2 b 3
3a < 2b
PR = 25 − (−9) = 34
Area of △PRM ∴ 3a < 2b is true.
1 (b) From the figure,

=  PR  MD
2 x-intercept of L > 0
1 15 12
=  34  − >0
2 2 a
= 127.5 a<0
x-intercept of L < 6
12
Instant Drill 16 (P.2.34) − <6
a
1. (a) From the figure, −12 > 6a
x-intercept of L2 < 0
a < −2
1
<0 ∴ a > −2 is not true.
b
b<0 (c) From the figure,
∴ b < 0 is true. y-intercept of L < −4
(b) From the figure, 12
− < −4
y-intercept of L1 < y-intercept of L2 < 0 −b
1
− <− <0
1 12 > −4b
a c −3 < b
1 1 b > −3
> >0
a c ∴ b > −3 is true.
∴ a > 0, c > 0 and a < c.
∴ a > c is not true.

Instant Drill 17 (P.2.41) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2

1 n −7
(a) Slope of L1 = − − =−
2 5 20
2 7
Slope of L2 = − = −2 n =−
1 4
Slope of L1  slope of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. Instant Drill 19 (P.2.43)
(b) Slope of L1 = −
5
=
1  x = 4 y − 7 ..................... (1)
(a) 
− 20 4  x + y = 3 ....................... (2)
4 1
Slope of L2 = − = Substitute (1) into (2).
− 16 4
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 4y − 7 + y = 3
−10 1 5y = 10
y-intercept of L1 = − =−
− 20 2 y=
−8 1 Substitute y =  into (1).
y-intercept of L2 = − =−
− 16 2
x = 4(2) − 7
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
=1
∴ L1 and L2 have infinitely many points of
∴ The required coordinates are ( , ).
intersection.
2 x − y = 0 ..................... (1)
4 (b) 
(c) Slope of L1 = − = −2 3x + y = −15 ..................(2)
2
6 (1) + (2): 5x = −15
Slope of L2 = − = −2
3 x = −3
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 Substitute x = −3 into (1).
−3 3 2(−3) − y = 
y-intercept of L1 = − =
2 2
y = −6
1
y-intercept of L2 = − ∴ The required coordinates are (−3 , −6).
3
y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection. Instant Drill 20 (P.2.45)
5 5
(a) Slope of L1 = − =
− 12 12
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
(a) Slope of L1 = slope of L2
8 b
− =− 5
4 3 Slope of L2  = −1
12
b=
12
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 Slope of L2 = −
5
a −9
− =− The equation of L2 is
4 3
12
a = −12 y − 29 = − (x − 2)
5
(b) Slope of L1 = slope of L2 5y − 145 = −12x + 24
m 8 12x + 5y − 169 = 0
− =−
5 20
m=2

46 Solutions
5 x − 12 y = 0 ................................. (1) Class Practice 2.1 (P.2.16)

(b) 
12 x + 5 y − 169 = 0 ......................... (2) 1. (a) The equation of L is
(1)  5: 25x − 60y = 0 ..................... (3) y − 2 = −1(x − 3)
(2)  12: 144x + 60y − 2 028 = 0 ..... (4) y − 2 = −x + 3
(3) + (4): 169x − 2 028 = 0 x+y−5=0
x = 12 (b) The equation of L is
Substitute x = 12 into (1). 1
y − 0 = (x − 4)
5(12) − 12y = 0 3
y=5 3y = x − 4
∴ The coordinates of Q are (12 , 5). x − 3y − 4 = 0
(c) OQ = (12 − 0) + (5 − 0)
2 2
= 13 2. (a) The equation of L is

y = −2x + 0
PQ = (12 − 2) 2 + (5 − 29 ) 2
2x + y = 0
= 26
(b) The equation of L is
Area of △OPQ
y = 3x + 2
1
=  OQ  PQ 3x − y + 2 = 0
2
1
=  13  26
2 3. (a) 8x − y + 5 = 0
= 169
y = 8x + 5
(d) Let T be a point on OR such that QT ⊥ OR. ∴ The slope is 8 and the y-intercept is 5.
(b) 4x + 3y − 6 = 0
3y = −4x + 6
4
y =− x+2
3
4
∴ The slope is − and the y -intercept is 2.
3
4. (a) The equation of L is

5 − ( −3)
y − (−3) = (x − 0)
4−0
y + 3 = 2x
2x − y − 3 = 0
1
 OP  QT −2 − 1
Area of △OPQ 2 y−1= [x − (−1)]
=
Area of △PQR 1  PR  QT 1 − (−1)
2 3
OP y − 1 =− (x + 1)
= 2
PR 2y − 2 = −3x − 3
=1
3x + 2y + 1 = 0
∴ Area of △PQR = area of △OPQ
= 169
5. (a) The equation of L is y = −5.
(b) The equation of L is x = 3.

Class Practice 2.2 (P.2.20) 1

(b) Slope of L = −
1. (a) The equation of L is 2
k 6
y = 4x + (−3) x-intercept of L = − = − = −6
1 1
4x − y − 3 = 0
(b) Substitute (1 , 8) into 4x − y − 3 = 0.
2. (a) 3x − 2y = 12
L.H.S. = 4(1) − 8 − 3
3x − 2y − 12 = 0
= −7 −12
x-intercept of L1 = − =4
 R.H.S. 3
The coordinates of A do not satisfy the equation ∴ The coordinates of A are (4 , 0).
−12
of L. y-intercept of L1 = − = −6
−2
∴ L does not pass through A.
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , −6).
(b) Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
2. (a) ∵ L2 ⊥ L1
 4 + 0 0 + (−6) 
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 =  , 
 2 2 
Slope of L2  1 = −1 = (2 , −3)
Slope of L2 = −1 3 3
Slope of AB = − =
(b) The equation of L2 is −2 2
y − 3 = −1(x − 1) ∵ L2 ⊥ AB
y − 3 = −x + 1 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of AB = −1
3
x+y−4=0 Slope of L2  = −1
2
(c) Substitute (a , 0) into x + y − 4 = 0. 2
Slope of L2 = −
a+0−4=0 3
a=4 The equation of L2 is
2
y − (−3) = − (x − 2)
3
3. (a) The coordinates of Q are (7 , 4).
3y + 9 = −2x + 4
2x + 3y + 5 = 0
4−2
y−2= (x − 1)
7 −1
1 3. (a) From the figure,
y − 2 = (x − 1)
3 slope of L1 > slope of L2
3y − 6 = x − 1 a c
− >−
x − 3y + 5 = 0 1 1
(c) Substitute y = 0 into x − 3y + 5 = 0. a<c
x − 3(0) + 5 = 0 ∴ a < c is true.
x = −5 (b) From the figure,

∴ The coordinates of S are (−5 , 0). y-intercept of L1 < y-intercept of L2
b d
− <−
1 1
Class Practice 2.3 (P.2.34)
b>d
1. (a) y-intercept of L = −3 ∴ b > d is true.
k
− = −3
2
k=6

48 Solutions
(c) From the figure, (b) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2

slope of L1 > 0 6 −3
− =−
a a 4
− >0 a = −8
1
a<0 Slope of L1 = slope of L2
slope of L2 < 0 5 b
− =−
c a 4
− <0 5 b
1 − =−
−8 4
c>0
5
x-intercept of L2 < x-intercept of L1 b= −
2
d b
− <−
c a 4 x − 3 y = −30 ..................... (1)
d b 3. (a) 
> 4 x + 5 y = 18 ....................... (2)
c a
bc (2) − (1): 8y = 48
d>
a y=6
ad < bc Substitute y = 6 into (1).
∴ ad < bc is true. 4x − 3(6) = −30
4x = −12
Class Practice 2.4 (P.2.45)
2 x = −3
1. (a) Slope of L1 = − = −2
1 ∴ The coordinates of P are (−3 , 6).
4 4 4
Slope of L2 = − =2 (b) Slope of L1 = − =
−2 −3 3
Slope of L1  slope of L2 ∵ L3 ⊥ L1
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. ∴ Slope of L3  slope of L1 = −1
−3 1 4
(b) Slope of L1 = − = Slope of L3  = −1
6 2 3
1 1 3
Slope of L2 = − = Slope of L3 = −
−2 2 4
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 The equation of L3 is
7 3
y-intercept of L1 = − y−6=− [x − (−3)]
6 4
−4 4y − 24 = −3x − 9
y-intercept of L2 = − = −2
−2 3x + 4y − 15 = 0
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection. Exercise 2A (P.2.21)
1. (a) Slope of L1 = tan 20
2. (a) Slope of L1 = slope of L2
k 7 = 0.364, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
− =−
−6 2 (b) Slope of L2 = tan 74
k = −21 = 3.49, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(c) Let  be the inclination of L3.
5 h
− =− tan  = slope of L3
−6 2
5 = 1.5
h =−
3  = 56.3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The inclination of L3 is 56.3.

(d) Let  be the inclination of L4. 5. (a) With the notations in the figure,
tan  = slope of L4
=4
 = 76.0, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The inclination of L4 is 76.0. 

2. Slope of the straight line  + 90 = 110

−3 − 7  = 20
=
−1− 4  =  = 20
=2
∴ The inclination of L2 is 20 .
Let  be the inclination of the straight line.
(b) Slope of L2
tan  = slope of the straight line
= tan 
=2
= tan 20
 = 63.4, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 0.36, cor. to 2 d.p.
∴ The inclination of the straight line is 63.4.
3. Slope of the straight line y − 3 = 1(x − 2)
3−0 y−3=x−2
=
5−0
3 x−y+1=0
= 0.6 (or )
5 (b) The equation of L is
Let  be the inclination of the straight line. y − (−5) = 2[x − (−2)]
tan  = slope of the straight line y + 5 = 2x + 4
= 0.6 2x − y − 1 = 0
 = 31.0, cor. to 3 sig. fig. (c) The equation of L is
∴ The inclination of the straight line is 31.0. 1
y − 4 = − [x − (−3)]
3
3y − 12 = −x − 3
x + 3y − 9 = 0

y = 3x + (−3)
3x − y − 3 = 0

1
y=− x+5
 + 100 = 160 4
 = 60 4y = −x + 20
∴ The inclination of L2 is 60. x + 4y − 20 = 0
(b) Slope of L2 (c) The equation of L is
= tan  y = −4x + 0
= tan 60 4x + y = 0
= 3

50 Solutions
8. (a) The equation of L is 11. (a) The equation of L is

−2 − 2 y = 2x + (−3)
y−2= [x − (−3)]
1 − (−3) 2x − y − 3 = 0
y − 2 = −(x + 3) (b) The equation of L is
y − 2 = −x − 3 1
y−0=− [x − (−2)]
x+y+1=0 4
(b) The equation of L is 4y = −x − 2
6 −1 x + 4y + 2 = 0
y−1= (x − 2)
3− 2
y − 1 = 5(x − 2) 12. (a) The equation of L is
y − 1 = 5x − 10 6 − ( −3)
y − (−3) = [x − (−2)]
5x − y − 9 = 0 4 − ( −2 )
3
(c) The equation of L is y + 3 = (x + 2)
2
4−0
y−0= [x − (−2)] 2y + 6 = 3x + 
0 − (−2)
3x − 2y = 0
y = 2(x + 2)
y = 2x + 4
2−0
2x − y + 4 = 0 y−0= [x − (−3)]
0 − (−3)
2
y = (x + 3)
9. (a) The equation of L is y = −4. 3
3y = 2x + 
(b) The equation of L is x = −3.
2x − 3y + 6 = 0
(c) The equation of L is y = 5.
13. (a) The equation of L is y = −5.

10. (a) The equation of L is (b) The equation of L is x = 3.
y − 8 = 1(x − 2)
y−8=x−2
14. The slope is 2 and the y-intercept is 4.
x−y+6=0
15. y − x = 5
y − 7 = −4(x − 0)
y − 7 = −4x y=x+5
4x + y − 7 = 0 ∴ The slope is 1 and the y-intercept is 5.
Alternative
16. x + 2y − 3 = 0
The equation of L is
2y = −x + 3
y = −4x + 7
1 3
4x + y − 7 = 0 y=− x+
2 2
1 3
∴ The slope is − and the y -intercept is .
2 2

17. 7x − 3y − 6 = 0 (c) ∵ L1 // L2
3y = 7x − 6 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = 1
7 The equation of L1 is
y= x−2
3
  2 
7 y − 0 = 1 x −  − 
∴ The slope is and the y -intercept is − 2.   3 
3
2
y =x+
3
18. (a) Slope of L = tan 45 = 1
3y = 3x + 2
3x − 3y + 2 = 0
y − 1 = 1[x − (−1)]
y−1=x+1
20. (a) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
x−y+2=0
(b) Slope of L = tan 60 = 3 Slope of L1  1 = −1
Slope of L1 = −1
y = 3 x + (−4)
3x − y − 4 = 0
y − 1 = −1(x − 4)
(c) Inclination of L = 180 − 150 = 30
y − 1 = −x + 4
1
Slope of L = tan 30 = x+y−5=0
3
(b) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
1 ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
y−0= [x − (−2)]
3 Slope of L1  (−3) = −1
1
3y = x + 2 Slope of L1 =
3
x − 3y + 2 = 0
1
y = x + (−2)
19. (a) ∵ L1 // L2 3
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = 2 3y = x − 6
The equation of L1 is x − 3y − 6 = 0
y − 1 = 2(x − 1) (c) ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
y − 1 = 2x − 2 ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
2x − y − 1 = 0  1
Slope of L1   −  = −1
(b) ∵ L1 // L2
 4
Slope of L1 = 4
1
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = − The equation of L1 is
2
The equation of L1 is y = 4x + 0
1 4x − y = 0
y − 4 =− [x − (−5)]
2
2y − 8 = −x − 5
x + 2y − 3 = 0

52 Solutions
21. (a) The equation of L is 24. (a) Substitute (a , 5) into 4x − 3y + 3 = 0.

y = 3x + (−7) 4a − 3(5) + 3 = 0
3x − y − 7 = 0 4a = 12
(b) (i) Substitute (4 , 5) into 3x − y − 7 = 0. a=3
L.H.S. = 3(4) − 5 − 7 (b) The equation of L2 is
=0 1
y − 5 = − (x − 3)
= R.H.S. 2
2y − 10 = −x + 3
The coordinates of A satisfy the equation of L.
x + 2y − 13 = 0
∴ A lies on L.
(ii) Substitute (2 , −2) into 3x − y − 7 = 0.
25. (a) Slope of L1 = tan 45 = 1
L.H.S. = 3(2) − (−2) − 7
=1
y = x + (−5)
 R.H.S.
x−y−5=0
The coordinates of B do not satisfy the
(b) Substitute y = 0 into x − y − 5 = 0.
equation of L.
x−0−5=0
∴ B does not lie on L.
x=5
22. (a) The equation of L is ∴ The coordinates of Q are (5 , 0).

2 ∴ The equation of L2 is x = 5.
y = − x + (−2)
3
3y = −2x − 6 26. (a) The equation of L1 is
2x + 3y + 6 = 0 1
y − (−3) = [x − (−8)]
(b) Substitute (a , 0) into 2x + 3y + 6 = 0. 2
2a + 3(0) + 6 = 0 2y + 6 = x + 8
2a = −6 x − 2y + 2 = 0
a = −3 (b) Substitute x = 0 into x − 2y + 2 = 0.
0 − 2y + 2 = 0
23. (a) The equation of L is −2y = −2
1
y − 2 = [x − (−3)] y=1
3
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 1).
3y − 6 = x + 3
∴ The equation of L2 is y = 1.
x − 3y + 9 = 0
(b) Substitute (−6 , q) into x − 3y + 9 = 0.
27. (a) The two possible coordinates of A are (0 , 2) and
−6 − 3q + 9 = 0
(0 , −2).
−3q = −3
(b) When the coordinates of A are (0 , 2),
q=1
the equation of L is
(c) Substitute (1 , 3) into x − 3y + 9 = 0.
y = −3x + 2
L.H.S. = 1 − 3(3) + 9
3x + y − 2 = 0
=1
When the coordinates of A are (0 , −2),
 R.H.S.
The coordinates of C do not satisfy the equation of L.
y = −3x + (−2)
∴ C does not lie on L.
3x + y + 2 = 0

0 − (−3) 3 31. (a) The coordinates of Q are (2 , 10).

28. (a) Slope of L1 = =
4−0 4 (b) Coordinates of the mid-point of OQ
(b) The equation of L1 is
 0 + 2 0 + 10 
3 = , 
y = x + (−3)  2 2 
4
= (1 , 5)
4y = 3x − 12
3x − 4y − 12 = 0
5 − (−1)
(c) ∵ L2 // L1 y − (−1) = [x − (−1)]
1 − (−1)
3 y + 1 = 3(x + 1)
4
y + 1 = 3x + 3
3x − y + 2 = 0
3
y−0= [x − (−2)]
4
4y = 3x + 6 32. (a) The coordinates of B are (3 , 2).
3x − 4y + 6 = 0
2−0
y−0= (x − 1)
3 −1
1− 0 1
29. (a) Slope of L1 = =− y=x−1
−1− 4 5
x−y−1=0
(b) ∵ L2 ⊥ L1
(c) Substitute (−4 , −5) into x − y − 1 = 0.
L.H.S. = −4 − (−5) − 1
 1
Slope of L2   −  = −1 =0
 5
= R.H.S.
Slope of L2 = 5
The coordinates of D satisfy the equation of L.
∴ B, C and D are collinear.
y − 1 = 5[x − (−1)]
y − 1 = 5x + 5 33. (a) Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
5x − y + 6 = 0 1+ 9 6 + 2 
= , 
 2 2 
30. (a) ∵ L is perpendicular to another straight line = (5 , 4)
which passes through (2 , 1) and (−3 , −4). 6−2 1
Slope of AB = =−
−4 − 1 1− 9 2
∴ Slope of L  = −1
−3−2 ∵ L ⊥ AB
Slope of L = −1 ∴ Slope of L  slope of AB = −1
The equation of L is  1
Slope of L   −  = −1
y = −x + 1  2
x+y−1=0 Slope of L = 2
(b) Substitute y = 0 into x + y − 1 = 0. The equation of L is
x+0−1=0 y − 4 = 2(x − 5)
x=1 y − 4 = 2x − 10
∴ The x-intercept of L is 1. 2x − y − 6 = 0
∴ L cuts the positive x-axis. (b) Substitute (c , c) into 2x − y − 6 = 0.
2c − c − 6 = 0
c=6

54 Solutions
3 Let O be the origin.

34. (a) Substitute (t , 6) into y = x.
4 9 9
3 PO = − 0 =
6= t 4 4
4 BC = 6 − (−3) = 9
t=8 1
Area of △PBC =  BC  PO
(b) Let (0 , s) be the coordinates of A. 2
1 9
∵ OB = OA = 9
2 4
∴ (8 − 0) 2 + (6 − 0) 2 = s 81
=
s = 10 8
6 − 10
y − 10 = (x − 0) 36. (a) Substitute (0 , 8) into x + y + k = 0.
8−0
1 0+8+k=0
y − 10 = − x
2 k = −8
2y − 20 = −x (b) Substitute y = 0 into x + y − 8 = 0.
x + 2y − 20 = 0 x+0−8=0
(c) Slope of AP = slope of L2
x=8
3
= ∴ The coordinates of A are (8 , 0).
4
The equation of AP is Note that P is the mid-point of OB.
3 Coordinates of P
y= x + 10
4  0+0 0+8
= , 
4y = 3x + 40  2 2 
3x − 4y + 40 = 0 = (0 , 4)
The required equation is
35. (a) Note that M is the mid-point of AC. 4−0
y−0= (x − 8)
Coordinates of M 0−8
1
 −4+6 6+0 y = − (x − 8)
= ,  2
 2 2 
2y = −x + 8
= (1 , 3)
x + 2y − 8 = 0
(b) The required equation is
3−0 (c) OA = 8 − 0 = 8
y−0= [x − (−3)]
1 − (−3) OB = 8 − 0 = 8
3 OP = 4 − 0 = 4
y = (x + 3)
4 OB
tan OAB =
4y = 3x + 9 OA
8
3x − 4y + 9 = 0 =
8
(c) Substitute x = 0 into 3x − 4y + 9 = 0.
OAB = 45
3(0) − 4y + 9 = 0 OP
tan OAP =
4y = 9 OA
9 4
y= =
4 8
 9 OAP = 26.6, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The coordinates of P are  0,  . 1
 4 ∵ OAP  OAB
2
∴ AP does not bisect OAB.

37. Note that L cuts the positive x-axis at A and the (c) Let k be the x-coordinate of R.
positive y-axis at B with OA : OB = 2 : 5. Then the y-coordinate of R is either k + 1 or k − 1.
Let (2k , 0) be the coordinates of A. Substitute (k , k + 1) into 4x − 3y + 8 = 0.
Then the coordinates of B are (0 , 5k). 4k − 3(k + 1) + 8 = 0
0 − 5k 5 k = −5
Slope of L = =−
2k − 0 2 Substitute (k , k − 1) into 4x − 3y + 8 = 0.
4k − 3(k − 1) + 8 = 0
5
y − 3 = − [x − (−1)] k = −11
2
2y − 6 = −5x − 5 ∴ The coordinates of R are (−5 , −4) or
5x + 2y − 1 = 0 (−11 , −12).
PQ = (−6 − 2) 2 + [3 − (−3)] 2 = 10
38. (a) The equation of PQ is If the coordinates of R are (−5 , −4), then
3 − ( −3) RS = [−2 − (−5)] 2 + [0 − (−4)] 2 = 5
y − (−3) = (x − 2)
−6−2
Area of △PQR
3
y + 3 = − (x − 2) 1
4 =  PQ  RS
2
4y + 12 = −3x + 6 1
=  10  5
3x + 4y + 6 = 0 2
Substitute y = 0 into 3x + 4y + 6 = 0. = 25
> 20
3x + 4(0) + 6 = 0
If the coordinates of R are (−11 , −12), then
3x = −6
x = −2 RS = [−2 − (−11)] 2 + [0 − (−12)] 2 = 15
Area of △PQR
∴ The coordinates of S are (−2 , 0).
1
3 =  PQ  RS
(b) Slope of PQ = − 2
4 1
=  10  15
∵ RS ⊥ PQ 2
∴ Slope of RS  slope of PQ = −1 = 75
 3 > 20
Slope of RS   −  = −1
 4 ∴ The claim is agreed.
4
Slope of RS =
3 Exercise 2B (P.2.35)
The equation of RS is 3
1. Slope = − =3
4 −1
y−0= [x − (−2)] −9
3 x-intercept = − =3
3y = 4x + 8 3
−9
4x − 3y + 8 = 0 y-intercept = − = −9
−1
2 2
2. Slope = − =
−3 3
7
x-intercept = −
2
7 7
y-intercept = − =
−3 3

56 Solutions
3. y − 3 = 4(x + 1) −8 8
8. y-intercept of L1 = − =
k k
y − 3 = 4x + 4
6
4x − y + 7 = 0 y-intercept of L2 = − =2
−3
4
Slope = − =4 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
−1
8
7 =2
x-intercept = − k
4
7 k=4
−1
1 1
9. (a) Slope of L1 = − =
−4 4
2
4. y+5=− (x − 3) 8
3 Slope of L2 = −
k
3y + 15 = −2x + 6
∵ L1 // L2
2x + 3y + 9 = 0 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
2
Slope = − 1
=−
8
3 4 k
9 k = −32
x-intercept = −
2
−16 −16 1
9 (b) y-intercept of L2 = − =− =−
y-intercept = − = −3 k − 32 2
3
5. (a) Slope of L = −2 10. (a) Slope of L1 = −

1
k k
− = −2 9
2 Slope of L2 = − =3
−3
k=4
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
−5 5
(b) x-intercept of L = − = ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
k 4
1
−  3 = −1
k
6. (a) y-intercept of L = 3
k=
6
− =3
k 6k 6(3)
(b) x-intercept of L1 = − =− = −18
k = −2 1 1
3 3 3
(b) Slope of L = − =− =
k −2 2 10
11. (a) y-intercept of L = − =2
6 −5
x-intercept of L = − = −2
3 (b) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L = 2
k
7. x-intercept of L1 = − y = 7x + 2
2
−4 7x − y + 2 = 0
1
x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L2
k
− =4
2
k = −8

12. x-intercept of L2 = x-intercept of L1 7

−12 3
=− ∵ L2 // L1
3
=4 7
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = −
The equation of L2 is 3
0 − (−3)
y − (−3) = (x − 0) 7
4−0 y=− x+5
3 3
y+3= x
4 3y = −7x + 15
4y + 12 = 3x 7x + 3y − 15 = 0
3x − 4y − 12 = 0
2
2 5
13. (a) Slope of L1 = − =2 ∵ L2 ⊥ L1
−1
Slope of L2 = −
4
=2 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1
−2  2
∵ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 Slope of L2   −  = −1
 5
∴ L1 is parallel to L2 . 5
Slope of L2 =
3 2
(b) Slope of L1 = −
2 The equation of L2 is
2 5
Slope of L2 = − y − 0 = [x − (−2)]
3 2
∵ Slope of L1  slope of L2 2y = 5x + 10
∴ L1 is not parallel to L2 .
5x − 2y + 10 = 0
4 3 3
14. (a) Slope of L1 = − =4 17. Slope of L1 = − =
−1 −4 4
1 L2 ⊥ L1
Slope of L2 = − =1 ∵
−1
Slope of L1  slope of L2
3
=41 Slope of L2  = −1
4
=4 4
Slope of L2 = −
 −1 3
∴ L1 is not perpendicular to L2 . The equation of L2 is
4
5 y − (−1) = − [x − (−3)]
(b) Slope of L1 = − 3
3
4
3 3 y + 1 = − (x + 3)
Slope of L2 = − = 3
−5 5
3y + 3 = −4x − 12
Slope of L1  slope of L2
5 3 4x + 3y + 15 = 0
=− 
3 5
= −1
∴ L1 is perpendicular to L2 .

58 Solutions
18. (a) Slope of L = −

2
=
2 20. (a) x-intercept of L = −5
−3 3 15
− = −5
∵ The straight line is parallel to L. a
∴ Slope of the straight line a=
= slope of L y-intercept of L = 3
2 15
= − =
3 b
The equation of the straight line is b = −5
2 a 3 3
y − (−2) = (x − 4) (b) Slope of L = − =− =
3 b −5 5
3y + 6 = 2x − 8
2x − 3y − 14 = 0 −21 21
21. y-intercept of L1 = − =
(b) ∵ The straight line is perpendicular to L. b b
3
∴ Slope of the straight line  slope of L = −1 y-intercept of L2 = −
2
2
Slope of the straight line 
= −1 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
3 21 3
3 =−
Slope of the straight line = − b 2
2
b = −14
The equation of the straight line is
a
3 Slope of L1 = −
y − 1 =− (x − 2) b
2 7
Slope of L2 = −
2y − 2 = −3x + 6 2
3x + 2y − 8 = 0 ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
−60 a  7
19. (a) x-intercept of L = − = 12 −   −  = −1
5 b  2
∴ The coordinates of A are (12 , 0). 2b
a=−
−60 7
y-intercept of L = − = −5 2(−14)
− 12 =−
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , −5). 7
=4
(b) OA = 12 − 0 = 12
OB = 0 − (−5) = 5 4
22. (a) Slope of L1 = −
AB = (12 − 0) + [0 − (−5)]
2 2 h
5 5
= 13 Slope of L2 = − =
−4 4
Perimeter of △OAB ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
= OA + OB + AB ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
= 12 + 5 + 13 4 5
−  = −1
= 30 h 4
h=5
y-intercept of L1 = −8
5k
− = −8
h
5k
=8
5
k=8

5k 5(8) −1 − ( −2 ) 1
(b) x-intercept of L1 = − =− = −10 25. (a) Slope of AC = =
4 4 1 − (−3) 4
∴ The coordinates of P are (−10 , 0). ∵ BD ⊥ AC
∴ Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ ∴ Slope of BD  slope of AC = −1

1
 −10 + 0 0 + (−8)  Slope of BD  = −1
= ,  4
 2 2 
Slope of BD = −4
= (−5 , −4)
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC
 − 3 +1 − 2 −1 
23. Substitute (4 , 0) into px + 2y − 20 = 0. = , 
 2 2 
p(4) + 2(0) − 20 = 0
 3
=  −1, − 
4p = 20  2
p=5  3
∵ BD passes through  − 1 , − .
p
Slope of AB = − = −
5  2
2 2 ∴ The equation of BD is
q q
Slope of AD = − =  3
− 10 10 y −  −  = −4[x − (−1)]
∵ AB ⊥ AD  2
3
∴ Slope of AB  slope of AD = −1 y + = −4x − 4
2
5 q
−  = −1 2y + 3 = −8x − 8
2 10
8x + 2y + 11 = 0
q=4
11
(b) x-intercept of BD = −
8
6  11 
24. (a) Slope of L1 = − =6 ∴ The coordinates of B are  − , 0  .
−1  8 
9
y-intercept of L1 = − =9 Let (a , b) be the coordinates of D.
−1
(b) ∵ L2 ⊥ L1 Coordinates of the mid-point of BD
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 = coordinates of the mid-point of AC
Slope of L2  6 = −1 11
− +a
∴ 8 = −1
1
Slope of L2 = − 2
6 11
− + a = −2
y-intercept of L2 = y-intercept of L1 = 9 8
5
The equation of L2 is a =−
8
1
y =− x + 9 0+b 3
6 =−
2 2
6y = −x + 54
b = −3
x + 6y − 54 = 0
 5 
∴ The coordinates of D are  − , − 3  .
 8 

60 Solutions
−4 Substitute (1) into (2).

26. (a) y-intercept of L2 = − =2
2 a − (2a + 5) + 1 = 0
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , 2).
a − 2a − 5 + 1 = 0
−4
x-intercept of L2 = −=4 a = −4
1
∴ The coordinates of R are (4 , 0). When a = −4, b = 2(−4) + 5 = −3.
(b) (i) Coordinates of Q = (4 − 9 , 0) = (−5 , 0) ∴ The coordinates of P are (−4 , −3).
2−0 28. (a) x-intercept of L1 = −2
y−0= [x − (−5)]
0 − ( −5) 2
− = −2
2 k
y = (x + 5)
5 k=1
5y = 2x + 10 k 1
(b) Slope of L1 = − = −
2x − 5y + 10 = 0 5 5
∵ L2 // L1
2 2
(ii) Slope of L1 = − = 1
−5 5 ∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = −
5
tan PQR = slope of L1
2
= 1
5 y =− x + 2
5
PQR = 21.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
5y = −x + 10
< 22
x + 5y − 10 = 0
∴ The claim is disagreed.
(c) Let (a , b) be the coordinates of R.
Substitute (a , b) into x + 5y − 10 = 0.
1
27. (a) Slope of L1 = − a + 5b − 10 = 0
2
∵ L2 ⊥ L1 a = 10 − 5b ................... (1)
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 ∵ PR = QR
 1 ∴ (a − 2) 2 + (b − 3) 2 = [a − (−1)]2 + (b − 4) 2
Slope of L2   −  = −1
 2
(a − 2)2 + (b − 3)2 = (a + 1)2 + (b − 4)2
Slope of L2 = 2
a2 − 4a + 4 + b2 − 6b + 9 = a2 + 2a + 1 + b2 − 8b + 16
6a − 2b + 4 = 0
y − 3 = 2[x − (−1)]
3a − b + 2 = 0 ........ (2)
y − 3 = 2x + 2
Substitute (1) into (2).
2x − y + 5 = 0
3(10 − 5b) − b + 2 = 0
(b) Let (a , b) be the coordinates of P.
30 − 15b − b + 2 = 0
Substitute (a , b) into 2x − y + 5 = 0.
32 = 16b
2a − b + 5 = 0
b=2
b = 2a + 5 ........................ (1)
When b = 2, a = 10 − 5(2) = 0.
∵ MP = NP
∴ [a − (−1)] 2 + (b − 3) 2 = (a − 2) 2 + (b − 0) 2
(a + 1)2 + (b − 3)2 = (a − 2)2 + b2
a2 + 2a + 1 + b2 − 6b + 9 = a2 − 4a + 4 + b2
6a − 6b + 6 = 0
a − b + 1 = 0 ..... (2)

29. (a) Substitute (6 , k) into 2x − 3y = 0. Alternative

−26
2(6) − 3k = 0 y-intercept of L2 = − = 13
2
3k = 12 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 13).
k=4 ∵ OM is a median of △OPQ.
2 2
(b) (i) Slope of L1 = − = ∴ M is the mid-point of PQ.
−3 3
∵ L2 ⊥ L1 Note that the height of △OPQ with respect
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 to the base PQ and the height of △OQM
2
slope of L2  = −1 with respect to the base MQ are the same.
3
Area of △OPQ : area of △OQM
3
Slope of L2 = − = PQ : MQ
2
The equation of L2 is =2:1
3 ∴ Area of △OQM
y − 4 = − (x − 6)
2 1
=  area of △OPQ
2y − 8 = −3x + 18 2
3x + 2y − 26 = 0 1 1
=   (6 − 0)  (13 − 0)
−26 2 2
(ii) y-intercept of L2 = − = 13 = 19.5
2
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 13).
∵ OM is a median of △OPQ. 1 1
30. (a) Slope of L1 = − =
∴ M is the mid-point of PQ. −2 2
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
 6 + 0 4 + 13 
Coordinates of M =  ,  ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1
 2 2 
1
 17  Slope of L2  = −1
= 3 ,  2
 2
Slope of L2 = −2
Let D be a point on the y-axis such that
MD ⊥ OQ.
y − 8 = −2(x − 8)
L2 y y − 8 = −2x + 16
2x + y − 24 = 0
Q 8
L1 (b) y-intercept of L1 = − =4
−2
D M ∴ The coordinates of A are (0 , 4).
−24
P x-intercept of L2 = − = 12
2
x ∴ The coordinates of B are (12 , 0).
O
(c) ∵ CM is a median of △ABC.
∴ M is the mid-point of AB.
MD = 3 − 0 = 3
Coordinates of M
OQ = 13 − 0 = 13  12 + 0 0 + 4 
= , 
Area of △OQM  2 2 
1 = (6 , 2)
=  OQ  MD
2
1
=  13  3
2
= 19.5

62 Solutions
Let D be a point on the x-axis such that 31. (a) From the figure,
MD ⊥ OB. x-intercept of L2 < 0
r
y − <0
L2 1
L1 r>0
∴ r > 0 is true.
C (b) From the figure,
x-intercept of L1 > 0
A q
− >0
M p
q
<0
x p
O D B
q
 p 2 < 0  p2
p
MD = 2 − 0 = 2 pq < 0
OB = 12 − 0 = 12 ∴ pq > 1 is not true.
Area of △OBM (c) From the figure,

1 slope of L2 > 0
=  OB  MD
2 1
− >0
1 q
=  12  2
2 1
<0
= 12 q
OA = 4 − 0 = 4 q<0
Area of △OAB y-intercept of L2 > y-intercept of L1
1 r q
=  OA  OB − > −
2 q 1
1 r
=  4  12 <q
2 q
= 24 r > q2
1 ∴ r > q2 is true.
∴ Area of △OBM =  area of △OAB
2
∴ The area of △OBM is half of the area of
32. (a) From the figure,
△OAB.
y-intercept of L < 0
Alternative
12
∵ CM is a median of △ABC. − <0
n
∴ M is the mid-point of AB. n>0
Note that the height of △OBM with respect to Construct a straight line L1 which passes through
the base BM and the height of △OAB with (−3 , 0) and (0 , −6).
respect to the base AB are the same. L1

Area of △OBM : area of △OAB
= BM : AB
=1:2
∴ The area of △OBM is half of the area of
△OAB.

Slope of L > slope of L1 3 3

34. Slope of AB = slope of L1 = − =
m −6 − 0 −4 4
− >
n 0 − (−3) ∵ A and C lie on the x-axis and B lies on the y-axis.
m
− > −2 ∴ The line OB is one of the altitudes of △ABC and
n
m the orthocentre of △ABC lies on the line OB.
<2
n ∴ The coordinates of that orthocentre are (0 , 8).
m < 2n Let (m , 0) be the coordinates of C and H be the
∴ m < 2n is true.
orthocentre of △ABC.
(b) From the figure,
∵ CH ⊥ AB
x-intercept of L < 0
∴ Slope of CH  slope of AB = −1
12
− <0 8−0 3
m  = −1
m>0 0−m 4
x-intercept of L < −3 m=
12 ∴ The coordinates of C are (6 , 0).
− < −3
m
12
>3 Exercise 2C (P.2.46)
m
12 > 3m 1. Slope of L1 = 2
m<4 Slope of L2 = −2
∴ m < 4 is true. Slope of L1  slope of L2
(c) From the figure, ∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection.
y-intercept of L > −6
12 1
− > −6 2. Slope of L1 =
n 2
12 1
<6 Slope of L2 =
n 2
12 < 6n Slope of L1 = slope of L2
n>2
y-intercept of L1 = 0
∴ n < 2 is not true.
y-intercept of L2 = −1
33. (a) y-intercept of L > 0
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection.
2k − 6
− >0
−1
2k − 6 > 0 3. Slope of L1 = 0
2k > 6 Slope of L2 = 1
k>3 Slope of L1  slope of L2
∴ The required range is k > 3. ∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection.
2k − 6
(b) x-intercept of L = −
k
Since k > 3, we have 2k − 6 > 0 and k > 0. 4. Slope of L1 = 0
2k − 6 −3 1
∴ − <0 Slope of L2 = − =
k 6 2
∴ L does not cut the positive x-axis. Slope of L1  slope of L2
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection.

64 Solutions
5. Slope of L1 = 3  x + 4 y = 11 ................................... (1)

9. 
6  y = 2 x + 5 .................................... (2)
Slope of L2 = − =3
−2 Substitute (2) into (1).
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 x + 4(2x + 5) = 11
y-intercept of L1 = 0 x + 8x + 20 = 11
5 5
y-intercept of L2 = − = 9x = −9
−2 2
x = −1
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection. Substitute x = −1 into (2).
y = 2(−1) + 5
=3
1
6. Slope of L1 =
2 ∴ The required coordinates are (−1 , 3).
1 1
Slope of L2 = − =
−2 2  x + y + 5 = 0 ................................. (1)
10. 
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 3x − 2 y = −5 ................................ (2)
y-intercept of L1 = 2 (1)  2: 2x + 2y + 10 =  ................. (3)
4 (2) + (3): 5x + 10 = −5
y-intercept of L2 = − =2
−2 5x = −15
x = −3
Substitute x = −3 into (1).
intersection.
(−3) + y + 5 = 0
y = −2
2 2
7. Slope of L1 = − = ∴ The required coordinates are (−3 , −2).
−5 5
5 5
Slope of L2 = − = 3x − y = 13 ................................... (1)
−2 2 11. 
 x − y = 5 ......................................(2)
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. (1) − (2): 2x = 8
x=4
Substitute x = 4 into (2).
3
8. Slope of L1 = − =3
−1 4−y=5
Slope of L2 = −
6
=3 y = −1
−2 ∴ The required coordinates are (4 , −1).
Slope of L1 = slope of L2
2 2 x − 3 y − 7 = 0 ..............................(1)
y-intercept of L1 = − =2 12. 
−1
4 x + 9 y − 29 = 0 ............................(2)
−1 1
y-intercept of L2 = − =− (1)  2: 4x − 6y − 14 =  ................. (3)
−2 2
y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2 (2) − (3): 15y − 15 = 0
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection. y=1
Substitute y = 1 into (1).
2x − 3(1) − 7 = 0
2x = 10
x=5
∴ The required coordinates are (5 , 1).

k +1 1 16. (a) The equation of L2 is

13. Slope of L1 = − = 1+
−k k y − 4 = 2[x − (−3)]
1
Slope of L2 = 1 + y − 4 = 2x + 6
k
Slope of L1 = slope of L2 2x − y + 10 = 0
3 3  x + 3 y − 2 = 0 ........................ (1)
y-intercept of L1 = − = (b) 
−k k 2 x − y + 10 = 0 ....................... (2)
3 (1)  2: 2x + 6y − 4 = 0 ............ (3)
y-intercept of L2 =
k (3) − (2): 7y − 14 = 0
y=2
∴ L1 and L2 intersect.
x + 3(2) − 2 = 0
 x − 4 y = 0 .............................(1)
14. (a)  x = −4
3 x − 4 y − 8 = 0 ....................... (2)
∴ The required coordinates are (−4 , 2).
(2) − (1): 2x − 8 = 0
x=4
5
Substitute x = 4 into (1). 17. (a) Slope of L1 = − =5
−1
4 − 4y = 0 ∵ L2 ⊥ L1
y=1 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1
∴ The coordinates of A are (4 , 1). Slope of L2  5 = −1
(b) The equation of the straight line is 1
Slope of L2 = −
1− 0 5
y−0= (x − 3)
4−3 The equation of L2 is
y=x−3 1
y = − x + (−6)
x−y−3=0 5
5y = −x − 30
2 x + y = 0 .............................(1) x + 5y + 30 = 0
15. (a) 
 x − 3 y + 7 = 0 ........................ (2) 5 x − y + 20 = 0 ....................... (1)
(b) 
(1)  3: 6x + 3y = 0 ................. (3)  x + 5 y + 30 = 0 ....................... (2)
(2) + (3): 7x + 7 = 0 (1)  5: 25x − 5y + 100 = 0 ....... (3)
x = −1 (2) + (3): 26x + 130 = 0
Substitute x = −1 into (1). x = −5
2(−1) + y = 0 Substitute x = −5 into (1).
y=2 5(−5) − y + 20 = 0
∴ The coordinates of P are (−1 , 2). y = −5
(b) Slope of the required straight line ∴ The required coordinates are (−5 , −5).
= slope of the straight line x + y = 0
1
=−
1
= −1
y − 2 = −1[x − (−1)]
y − 2 = −x − 1
x+y−1=0

66 Solutions
18. 7x = −2y k +1
7 3
y =− x 2k k
2 Slope of L2 = − =
∵ The two straight lines have no points of −4 2
k +1 k
intersection. − =
3 2
∴ The slopes of the two lines are the same. −2k − 2 = 3k
a 7 −5k = 2
− =−
−b 2 2
k =−
a 7 5
=−
b 2 ∴ The slopes of L1 and L2 are the same
2
only when k = − .
5
19. ∵ The two straight lines have infinitely many 2
When k = − ,
points of intersection. 5
∴ The y-intercepts of the two lines are the same. −2 2
3 3
12 8
− =− −3k 3 2 3
−9 b y-intercept of L2 = − = − −  =
−4 4  5  10
b = −6
The slopes of the two lines are the same.
∴ It is not possible that L1 and L2 have infinitely
a 3
− =−
−9 b many points of intersection.
a 3
=− 2k 1
9 −6 22. (a) Slope of L1 = − =−
9 4k 2
a= 1
2 Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = −
2
20. ∵ The two straight lines have infinitely many The equation of L2 is
1
points of intersection. y = − x + (−2)
2
∴ The slopes of the two lines are the same.
2y = −x − 4
−8 4
− =− x + 2y + 4 = 0
6 −n
−5 5
n=3 (b) y-intercept of L1 = − =
4k 4 k
The y-intercepts of the two lines are the same. 5
= −2
m 6 4k
− =−
6 −n 5
k=−
m 6 8
=
6 −3 5
∴ When k = − , the y-intercepts of L1 and L2
m = −12 8
are the same, i.e. L1 and L2 have infinitely
many points of intersection.
5
∴ k cannot be − .
8
∴ The claim is disagreed.

2 x − y − 3 = 0 ........................ (1) 25. (a) Substitute (7 , 2) into x + ky − 3 = 0.

23. (a) 
3x − y − 4 = 0 ........................ (2) 7 + k(2) − 3 = 0
(2) − (1): x − 1 = 0 2k = −4
x= 1 k = −2
Substitute x = 1 into (1). (b) The equation of L2 is
2(1) − y − 3 = 0 y = kx + (−4)
y = −1 y = −2x − 4
∴ The coordinates of A are (1 , −1). 2x + y + 4 = 0
(b) The coordinates of C are (−1 , 1). −3
(c) x-intercept of L1 = − =3
Slope of AC 1
−1 − 1 4
= x-intercept of L2 = − = −2
1 − (−1) 2
BD = 3 − (−2) = 5
= −1
From (a), the equation of L1 is x − 2y − 3 = 0.
= slope of AB
 x − 2 y − 3 = 0 ........................ (1)
∴ A, B and C are collinear. 
2 x + y + 4 = 0 ........................ (2)
(1)  2: 2x − 4y − 6 = 0 ............ (3)
24. (a) The slope of L2 and the slope of the straight line
(2) − (3): 5y + 10 = 0
x − y = 0 are the same.
1 1 y = −2
∴ − =−
k −1 ∴ The y-coordinate of C is −2.
k = −1 Distance between C and the x-axis
(b) From (a), the equation of L2 is x − y + 5 = 0. = 0 − (−2)
 x − 2 y + 8 = 0 ........................ (1) =2

 x − y + 5 = 0 .......................... (2) Area of △BCD
(2) − (1): y − 3 = 0 =
1
52
y=3 2
=5
x−3+5 =0 15
26. (a) Slope of AC = −
x = −2 8
∴ The coordinates of A are (−2 , 3). ∵ BC ⊥ AC
(c) Let (m , n) be the coordinates of B. ∴ Slope of BC  slope of AC = −1
∵ A is translated vertically to B.  15 
Slope of BC   −  = −1
∴ m = −2  8
8
Slope of OB = 2 Slope of BC =
15
n−0
=2 The equation of BC is
−2−0
8
n = −4 y−6= [x − (−20)]
15
∴ The coordinates of B are (−2 , −4).
15y − 90 = 8x + 160
8x − 15y + 250 = 0

68 Solutions
15 x + 8 y − 37 = 0 .......................... (1) 4 x + 3 y + 12 = 0 ..................... (1)

(b)  (b) 
8 x − 15 y + 250 = 0 ........................ (2) 3x − 4 y + 34 = 0 ..................... (2)
(1)  15: 225x + 120y − 555 = 0 ...... (3) (1)  4: 16x + 12y + 48 = 0 ...... (3)
(2)  8: 64x − 120y + 2 000 = 0 ....... (4) (2)  3: 9x − 12y + 102 = 0 ...... (4)
(3) + (4): 289x + 1 445 = 0 (3) + (4): 25x + 150 = 0
x = −5 x = −6
Substitute x = −5 into (1). Substitute x = −6 into (1).
15(−5) + 8y − 37 = 0 4(−6) + 3y + 12 = 0
8y = 112 3y = 12
y = 14 y=4
∴ The coordinates of C are (−5 , 14). ∴ The coordinates of D are (−6 , 4).
(c) AC = [11 − (−5)] 2 + (−16 − 14 ) 2 = 34 BD = [0 − (−6)] 2 + (−4 − 4) 2 = 10
BC = [−20 − (−5)] 2 + (6 − 14 ) 2 = 17 CD = [10 − (−6)] 2 + (16 − 4) 2 = 20

Area of △ABC Area of △BCD
1
=  AC  BC =
1
 BD  CD
2 2
1
=  34  17 1
=  10  20
2 2
= 289 = 100
(c) Let F be a point on BC such that DF ⊥ BC.
27. (a) The equation of L1 is
−4 − 0
y−0= [x − (−3)]
0 − (−3)
4
y =− (x + 3)
3
3y = −4x − 12
4x + 3y + 12 = 0
4
Slope of L1 = −
3
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
 BE  DF
Area of △BDE
 4 = 2
Slope of L2   −  = −1 Area of △BCD 1
 3  BC  DF
2
3 20 BE
Slope of L2 = =
4 100 BC
The equation of L2 is 1 BE
=
3 5 BE + EC
y − 16 = (x − 10)
4 BE + EC = 5BE
4y − 64 = 3x − 30 EC = 4BE
3x − 4y + 34 = 0 BE 1
=
EC 4
∴ BE : EC = 1 : 4
∴ k=4

k Alternative
28. (a) x-intercept of CD = − = −k
1 From (a), the equation of CD is
∴ The coordinates of C are (−k , 0).
x − 7y − 32 = 0.
24 − 0 4
Slope of AB = =  x − 7 y − 32 = 0 ...................... (1)
0 − (−18) 3 
3 x + 4 y + 54 = 0 .................... (2)
24 − 0 24
Slope of BC = =
0 − (−k ) k (1)  3: 3x − 21y − 96 = 0 ....... (3)
∵ AB ⊥ BC (2) − (3): 25y + 150 = 0
∴ Slope of AB  slope of BC = −1 y = −6
4 24 Substitute y = −6 into (1).

 = −1
3 k x − 7(−6) − 32 = 0
k = −32 x = −10
(b) (i) ∵ AD // BC
∴ The coordinates of D are (−10 , −6).
∴ Slope of AD
AD = [−18 − (−10 )] 2 + [0 − (−6)] 2 = 10
= slope of BC
24 AB = (−18 − 0) 2 + (0 − 24 ) 2 = 30
=
k BC = (0 − 32 ) 2 + (24 − 0) 2 = 40
24
= Area of the trapezium ABCD
− 32
1
=−
3 =  (AD + BC)  AB
4 2
1
The equation of AD is =  (10 + 40)  30
2
3
y − 0 =− [x − (−18)] = 750
4
4y = −3x − 54
12
3x + 4y + 54 = 0 29. (a) y-intercept of L1 = − = −4
3
(ii) AC = −k − (−18) = −(−32) + 18 = 50 ∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , −4).
OB = 24 − 0 = 24 5
Slope of L1 = −
From (a), the equation of CD is 3
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
x − 7y − 32 = 0.
 x − 7 y − 32 = 0 ...................... (1) ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1
  5
3 x + 4 y + 54 = 0 .................... (2) Slope of L2   −  = −1
(1)  3: 3x − 21y − 96 = 0 ........ (3)  3
3
(2) − (3): 25y + 150 = 0 Slope of L2 =
5
y = −6 The equation of L2 is
∴ The y-coordinate of D is −6. 3
y = x + (−4)
Distance between D and the x-axis 5
= 0 − (−6) 5y = x − 20
=6 3x − 5y − 20 = 0
Area of the trapezium ABCD

= area of △ABC + area of △ADC
1 1
=  50  24 +  50  6
2 2
= 750

70 Solutions
3 x − 5 y − 20 = 0 .......................... (1)  x + 3 y − 20 = 0 ....................... (1)

(b) (i)  (c) 
5 x + 3 y − 22 = 0 .......................... (2)  x − y + 4 = 0 .......................... (2)
(1)  3: 9x − 15y − 60 = 0 ............. (3) (1) − (2): 4y − 24 = 0
(2)  5: 25x + 15y − 110 = 0 .......... (4) y=6
(3) + (4): 34x − 170 = 0 Substitute y = 6 into (2).
x=5 x−6+4=0
Substitute x = 5 into (1). x=2
3(5) − 5y − 20 = 0 ∴ The coordinates of the point of intersection
5y = −5 of BR and CP are (2 , 6).
y = −1 Substitute (2 , 6) into x − 5y + 28 = 0.
∴ The coordinates of Q are (  −). L.H.S. = 2 − 5(6) + 28
5 =0
(ii) Slope of L1 = −
3 = R.H.S.
5
Slope of L3 = − ∴ (2 , 6) lies on AQ.
3
∴ L1 and L3 are parallel to each other. ∴ AQ, BR and CP intersect at (2 , 6).
(iii) Distance between L1 and L3 i.e. AQ, BR and CP are concurrent.
= PQ
1 1
= (5 − 0) 2 + [−1 − (−4)]2 31. (a) Slope of L2 = − =
−3 3
= 34 ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
30. (a) Note that A is the point of intersection of AB and 1
Slope of L1 
= −1
AQ, and B is the point of intersection of AB and 3
Slope of L1 = −3
BR.
Substitute y = 4 into x − 5y + 28 = 0.
y − (−1) = −3(x − 5)
x − 5(4) + 28 = 0
y + 1 = −3x + 15
x = −8
3x + y − 14 = 0
∴ The coordinates of A are (−8 , 4).
(b) ∵ PR = QR
Substitute y = 4 into x + 3y − 20 = 0.
∴ R lies on the perpendicular bisector of PQ.
x + 3(4) − 20 = 0
∴ R is the point of intersection of L1 and L3.
x=8
3 x + y − 14 = 0 ..................... (1)
∴ The coordinates of B are (8 , 4). 
 x + 6 y − 16 = 0 ..................... (2)
 −8+8 4+ 4 (2)  3: 3x + 18y − 48 = 0 ....... (3)
(b) Coordinates of P =  , 
 2 2 
(3) − (1): 17y − 34 = 0
= (0 , 4)
y=2
The equation of CP is
10 − 4
y−4= (x − 0) x + 6(2) − 16 = 0
6−0
y−4=x x=4
x−y+4=0 ∴ The coordinates of R are (4 , 2).

6−0  x + y = 0 ........................ (4)

32. (a) Slope of QS = =3 
0 − (−2)  x − 4 y = 0 ...................... (5)
∵ PR ⊥ QS (4) − (5): 5y = 0
∴ Slope of PR  slope of QS = −1 y=0
Slope of PR  3 = −1 Substitute y = 0 into (4).
1 x+0=0
Slope of PR = −
3
x=0
The equation of PR is
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 0).
1
y − (−2) = − [x − (−4)]  x − 4 y = 0 ..................... (6)
3 
3y + 6 = −x − 4 3 x + 8 y + 40 = 0 ............. (7)
x + 3y + 10 = 0 (6)  3: 3x − 12y = 0 ........ (8)

6 − (−2) (7) − (8): 20y + 40 = 0
Slope of PQ = =2
0 − (−4) y = −2
∵ RS ⊥ PQ Substitute y = −2 into (6).
∴ Slope of RS  slope of PQ = −1 x − 4(−2) = 0
Slope of RS  2 = −1 x = −8
1 ∴ The coordinates of C are (−8 , −2).
Slope of RS = −
2 (b) Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
The equation of RS is
8+ 0 −8+ 0
1 = , 
y − 0 = − [x − (−2)]  2 2 
2
= (4 , −4)
2y = −x − 2
Slope of AB
x + 2y + 2 = 0
−8 − 0
 x + 3 y + 10 = 0 ........................ (1) =
(b)  8−0
 x + 2 y + 2 = 0 .......................... (2) = −1
(1) − (2): y + 8 = 0 Let L1 be the perpendicular bisector of AB.
y = −8 ∵ L1 ⊥ AB
Substitute y = −8 into (1). ∴ Slope of L1  slope of AB = −1
x + 3(−8) + 10 = 0 Slope of L1  (−1) = −1
x = 14 Slope of L1 = 1
∴ The coordinates of R are (14 , −8). The equation of L1 is
y − (−4) = (x − 4)
 x + y = 0 ........................ (1)
33. (a) 
3x + 8 y + 40 = 0 .............. (2) y+4=x−4
(1)  3: 3x + 3y = 0 ........... (3) x−y−8=0
(2) − (3): 5y + 40 = 0 Coordinates of the mid-point of BC
y = −8 −8+0 −2+0
= , 
 2 2 
Substitute y = −8 into (1).
= (−4 , −1)
x + (−8) = 0
Slope of BC
x=8
−2 − 0
∴ The coordinates of A are (8 , −8). =
−8−0
1
=
4

72 Solutions
Let L2 be the perpendicular bisector of BC. 5. 

∵ L2 ⊥ BC −15
x-intercept = − = 3  −3
∴ Slope of L2  slope of BC = −1 5
1
4 6. 
Slope of L2 = −4 Slope of L1 = −
3
The equation of L2 is 4
6 3
y − (−1) = −[x − (−4)] Slope of L2 = − = −
8 4
y + 1 = −4x − 16 Slope of L1 = slope of L2
4x + y + 17 = 0 −1 1
 x − y − 8 = 0 .................... (1) 4 4
 −3 3
4 x + y + 17 = 0 ................ (2) y-intercept of L2 = − =
8 8
(1) + (2): 5x + 9 = 0
9
x=− ∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection.
5
9
Substitute x = − into (1).
5 7. (a) The equation of L is
9
− −y−8=0 y = −4x + 0
5
49 4x + y = 0
y=−
5 (b) The equation of L is
∴ The coordinates of the circumcentre are y − 3 = 5(x − 2)
 9 49  y − 3 = 5x − 10
 − , − .
 5 5 5x − y − 7 = 0
(c) The equation of L is
Checkpoint (P.2.52) 4−0
y−0= (x − 3)
1.  0−3
4
Slope = tan 60 y = − (x − 3)
3
= 3 3y = −4x + 12
4x + 3y − 12 = 0
2. 
Substitute (−1 , a) into x + 2y = 0. 8. (a) y-intercept of L = 8
−1 + 2a = 0 56
− =8
a
3.  a = −7
4 4 4
y = 2 is a horizontal line. (b) Slope of L = − = − =
a −7 7
∴ y = 2 is not a vertical line.
Let  be the inclination of L.
4. 
4
=
The straight line is a vertical line. 7
∴ The equation of the straight line is x = 4.  = 29.7, cor. to the nearest 0.1
∴ The inclination of L is 29.7.

9. (a) The equation of L2 is 2 x + y − 4 = 0 ...................... (1)

(b) 
x = 4y + 3  x − 2 y − 7 = 0 ...................... (2)
x − 4y − 3 = 0 (1)  2: 4x + 2y − 8 = 0 .......... (3)
Slope of L1 = 4 (2) + (3): 5x − 15 = 0
1 1
Slope of L2 = − = x=3
−4 4
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. 2(3) + y − 4 = 0
y = −2
(b) The equation of L1 is
∴ The required coordinates are (3 , −2).
2x − 3y = 6
2x − 3y − 6 = 0
Supplementary Exercise 2 (P.2.53)
1. (a) Slope of L
6x − 9y = 18
= tan 37
6x − 9y − 18 = 0
= 0.754, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2 2
Slope of L1 = − =
−3 3 (b) Slope of L
6 2 = tan 64
Slope of L2 = − =
−9 3 = 2.05, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Slope of L1 = slope of L2
−6
y-intercept of L1 = − = −2 2. (a) Let  be the inclination of L.
−3
−18 tan  = slope of L
−9 = 0.7
 = 35.0, cor. to the nearest 0.1
∴ The inclination of L is 35.0.
intersection.
(b) Let  be the inclination of L.
1 1
10. (a) Slope of L2 = − = =5
−2 2
∵ L1 ⊥ L2  = 78.7, cor. to the nearest 0.1
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1 ∴ The inclination of L is 78.7.
1
2 3. The equation of L is
Slope of L1 = −2 y − (−4) = −2(x − 1)
The equation of L1 is y + 4 = −2x + 2
y = −2x + 4 2x + y + 2 = 0
2x + y − 4 = 0
4. The equation of L is
5
y=− x+3
2
2y = −x + 6
5x + 2y − 6 = 0

74 Solutions
5. The equation of L is 12. The equation of L is

−3 − 4 −14 − 0
y−4= (x − 5) y−0= (x − 7)
−1− 5 0−7
7 y = 2x −14
y − 4 = (x − 5)
6 2x − y − 14 = 0
6y − 24 = 7x − 35
7x − 6y − 11 = 0
13. Slope of L  (−3) = −1
1
6. The equation of L is x = 9. Slope of L =
3
1
y − 1 = [x − (−2)]
y = −4x + (−7) 3
4x + y + 7 = 0 3y − 3 = x + 2
x − 3y + 5 = 0
y − 0 = 5[x − (−6)] 3
14. (a) Slope of L1 = −
y = 5x + 30 8
5x − y + 30 = 0 −24
3
−24
9. Slope of L = tan 45 = 1 y-intercept of L1 = − =3
8
5 5
(b) Slope of L2 = − =
y − (−8) = (x − 2) −4 4
y+8=x−2 40
x-intercept of L2 = − = −8
x − y − 10 = 0 5
40
y-intercept of L2 = − = 10
10. The equation of L is −4
−2 − 0
y−0= (x − 0)
−1 − 0 15. (a) x-intercept of L = −5
y = 2x 15
2x − y = 0 − = −5
k
k=3
11. The equation of L is k 3 3
(b) Slope of L = − =− =
6−5 −5 −5 5
y−5= [x − (−1)]
− 5 − (−1) 15
y-intercept of L = − =3
1 −5
y− 5 =− (x + 1)
4
4y − 20 = −x − 1
x + 4y − 19 = 0

−k k (b) Area of △AOB

16. (a) y-intercept of L1 = − =
3 3 1
=  OA  OB
4k 2
2k 1
=  24  7
y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 2
k = 84
= −2
3
k = −6 19. Slope of L1 = −
1
1 1 1 3
(b) Slope of L2 = − =− =
2k 2( −6) 12 3
Let  be the inclination of L2. −1
tan  = slope of L2 Slope of L1  slope of L2
 1
1 =  −   3
=  3
12
 = 5, cor. to the nearest degree = −1
∴ The inclination of L2 is 5. ∴ L1 and L2 are perpendicular to each other.
4 1 1
17. x-intercept of L1 = −
= −4 20. (a) Slope of L1 = − =
1 −3 3
∴ OP = 0 − (−4) = 4 Slope of the required straight line
4 = slope of L1
−2 1
=
12 3
−2 The equation of the straight line is
∴ QR = 6 − 2 = 4 1
y − (−4) = (x − 5)
Area of △PQR 3
=
1
 QR  OP 3y + 12 = x − 5
2 x − 3y − 17 = 0
1
= 44 10
2 (b) Slope of L2 = − = −5
2
=8
Slope of the required straight line  slope of L2
= −1
−168
18. (a) x-intercept of L = − = 24 Slope of the required straight line  (−5) = −1
7
∴ OA = 24 − 0 = 24 1
Slope of the required straight line =
−168 5
y-intercept of L = − = −7
− 24 The equation of the straight line is
∴ OB = 0 − (−7) = 7 1
y − (−4) = (x − 5)
AB = (24 − 0) 2 + [0 − (−7)] 2 5
5y + 20 = x − 5
= 25
x − 5y − 25 = 0
Perimeter of △AOB
= OA + OB + AB
= 24 + 7 + 25
= 56

76 Solutions
−30 (d) The equation of L1 is

21. (a) x-intercept of L = − = 10
3 x y
+ =1
(b) x-intercept of L1 4 5
= x-intercept of L  2 y x
=− + 1
5 4
= 10  2
5
= 20 y =− x+ 5
4
The equation of L1 is The equation of L2 is
y − 0 = 1(x − 20) 4y = −5x + 20
y = x − 20 5
y =− x+5
x − y − 20 = 0 4
The equations of L1 and L2 are the same. L1 and
2 1 L2 have the same slope and the same y-intercept.

22. (a) Slope of L1 = − =−
6 3 ∴ L1 and L2 have infinitely many points of
3 1 intersection.
Slope of L2 = − =
−9 3
 x − y + 7 = 0 .......................... (1)
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. 23. (a) 
2 x + y − 1 = 0 ......................... (2)
8 2
(b) Slope of L1 = − = (1) + (2): 3x + 6 = 0
− 12 3
x = −2
3 3
Slope of L2 = − =
−2 2 Substitute x = −2 into (1).
Slope of L1  slope of L2 −2 − y + 7 = 0
∴ L1 and L2 have1 point of intersection. y=5
(c) The equation of L1 is ∴ The required coordinates are (−2 , 5).
6x + 8y =  3x − y = 13 ........................... (1)
(b) 
6x + 8y − 13 = 0  x − y = 5 .............................. (2)
The equation of L2 is (1) − (2): 2x = 8
4
x =− y+9 x=4
3
3x = −4y + 27
4−y=5
3x + 4y − 27 = 0
y = −1
6 3
Slope of L1 = − =− ∴ The required coordinates are (4 , −1).
8 4
3
Slope of L2 = −
4 2 x − y − 7 = 0 ....................... (1)
24. (a) 
Slope of L1 = slope of L2  x + 3 y = 0 ............................ (2)
−13 13 (2)  2: 2y + 6y = 0 ................. (3)
8 8
(3) − (1): 7y + 7 = 0
−27 27
y-intercept of L2 = − = y = −1
4 4
y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2 Substitute y = −1 into (2).
∴ L1 and L2 have 0 point of intersection. x + 3(−1) = 0
x=3
∴ The coordinates of P are (3 , −1).

(b) The equation of L is 27. (a) The equation of L is

−1 − ( −2) 1
y − (−2) = (x − 0) −0
3−0 y−0= 2 (x − 0)
1 −4 − 0
y+2= x
3 1
y =− x
3y + 6 = x 8
8y = −x
x − 3y − 6 = 0
x + 8y = 0
2 2 (b) Substitute (k , −2) into x + 8y = 0.

25. (a) Slope of L1 = − =
−3 3 k + 8(−2) = 0
∵ L2 ⊥ L1 k = 16
2 28. (a) The equation of L is
Slope of L2 = −1
3 −14 − 2
3 y−2= [x − (−5)]
Slope of L2 = − 5 − (−5)
2
8
The equation of L2 is y − 2 =− (x + 5)
5
3
y−3=− [x − (−1)] 5y − 10 = −8x − 40
2
8x + 5y + 30 = 0
2y − 6 = −3x − 3
(b) Substitute y = 0 into 8x + 5y + 30 = 0.
3x + 2y − 3 = 0
8x + 5(0) + 30 = 0
2 x − 3 y − 2 = 0 ........................ (1)
(b)  15
3 x + 2 y − 3 = 0 ........................ (2) x =−
4
(1)  2: 4x − 6y − 4 = 0 .............. (3)
 15 
∴ The coordinates of P are  − , 0 .
(2)  3: 9x + 6y − 9 = 0 .............. (4)  4 
(3) + (4): 13x − 13 = 0 Substitute x = 0 into 8x + 5y + 30 = 0.
x= 8(0) + 5y + 30 = 0
∵ The x-coordinate of the point of intersection y = −6
of L1 and L2 is not 0. ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , −6).
∴ The point of intersection of L1 and L2 does
not lie on the y-axis. 29. (a) Area of △AOB = 15

1
26. (a) The equation of AB is  OA  OB = 15
2
−8 − 7 1
y−7= (x − 1)  OA  5 = 15
−2 − 1 2
y − 7 = 5x − 5 OA = 6
5x − y + 2 = 0 ∴ The coordinates of A are (6 , 0).
(b) Substitute (4 , 22) into 5x − y + 2 = 0.
L.H.S. = 5(4) − 22 + 2
=0
= R.H.S.
The coordinates of C satisfy the equation of AB.
∴ A, B and C are collinear.

78 Solutions
(b) The equation of L is 32. (a) x-intercept of L = −9

0−5 1 − 4k
y−5= (x − 0) − = −9
6−0 1
6y − 30 = −5x 1 − 4k = 9
5x + 6y − 30 = 0 −4k = 8
(c) Substitute (3p , p) into 5x + 6y − 30 = 0. k = −2
5(3p) + 6p − 30 = 0 (b) Slope of L
21p = 30 1
=−
10 2k + 7
p=
7 1
=−
2(−2) + 7
1
30. (a) Substitute (4 , 6) into 3x + ky + 12 = 0. =−
3
3(4) + k(6) + 12 = 0
Slope of the required straight line
6k = −24 = slope of L
k = −4 1
=−
12 3
(b) x-intercept of L = − = −4
3 The equation of the straight line is
∴ The coordinates of P are (−4 , 0). 1
y =− x + 0
12 12 3
y-intercept of L = − = − =3
k −4 3y = −x
x + 3y = 0
PQ = (−4 − 0) + (0 − 3)
2 2
=5 3
33. y-intercept of L1 = −
2
9 9
31. (a) Substitute (0 , 4) into ax + y − 8a = 0. y-intercept of L2 = − =
− 2k 2 k
a(0) + 4 − 8a = 0 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
1
a= 3 9
2 − =
2 2k
a 1
(b) Slope of L = − = −
1 2 k = −3
Slope of the required straight line  slope of L Slope of L1 = −
h
= −1 2
4 2 2
 1 Slope of L2 = − = =−
Slope of the required straight line   −  = −1 − 2k k 3
 2
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
Slope of the required straight line = 2
The equation of the straight line is h  2
−   −  = −1
y = 2x + 4 2  3
2x − y + 4 = 0 h = −3

a a The equation of L1 is
34. (a) Slope of L1 = − =
−3 3 3
3 y − 0 = − (x − 4)
Slope of L2 = − 2
5 2y = −3x + 12
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
3x + 2y − 12 = 0
a  3 −12
  −  = −1 (b) y-intercept of L1 = − =6
3  5 2
a=5 ∴ The required area
x-intercept of L1 = −6
1
b =  (4 − 0)  (6 − 0)
− = −6 2
a
b = 12
− = −6
5
b = 30 3 − ( −3)
36. (a) Slope of AB = =6
b 30 7−6
(b) y-intercept of L1 = − =− = 10
−3 −3 ∵ L ⊥ AB
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 10). ∴ Slope of L  slope of AB = −1
Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ Slope of L  6 = −1
 − 6 + 0 0 + 10  1
= ,  Slope of L = −
 2 2  6
= (−3 , 5) The equation of L is
Substitute (−3 , 5) into 3x + 5y − 16 = 0. 1
y − (−3) = − (x − 6)
L.H.S. = 3(−3) + 5(5) − 16 6
=0 6y + 18 = −x + 6
= R.H.S. x + 6y + 12 = 0
12
∴ L2 passes through the mid-point of PQ. (b) x-intercept of L = −
= −12
1
∵ P and Q are points on L1, and L1 ⊥ L2.
∴ OP = 0 − (−12) = 12
∴ L2 ⊥ PQ 12
y-intercept of L = − = −2
∴ L2 is the perpendicular bisector of PQ. 6
∴ OQ = 0 − (−2) = 2
35. (a) x-intercept of L1 ∴ OP : OQ = 12 : 2
= x-intercept of L2 =6:1
−8
=−
2 37. (a) Coordinates of B
=4
= (3 − 2 , −2 − 4)
2 2
Slope of L2 = − = = (1 , −6)
−3 3
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
−6 − ( −2 )
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1 y − (−2) = (x − 3)
1− 3
2
Slope of L1  = −1 y + 2 = 2(x − 3)
3
3 y + 2 = 2x − 6
Slope of L1 = −
2 2x − y − 8 = 0

80 Solutions
−8 k
(b) x-intercept of L = − =4 40. (a) Slope of L1 = −
2 6
∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 0). 3 3
Slope of L2 = − =
−8 −2 2
y-intercept of L = −= −8
−1 ∵ L1 ⊥ L2
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , −8). ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = −1
∵ PR : RQ = 1 : 3 k 3
−  = −1
∴ Coordinates of R 6 2
k=4
 3(4) + 1(0) 3(0) + 1(−8) 
= ,  −13k
 1+ 3 1+ 3  (b) x-intercept of L1 = − = 13
k
= (3 , −2)
4 x + 6 y − 13(4) = 0 ................. (1)
38. Slope of L1 = slope of L2 
3 x − 2 y = 0 ............................ (2)
2 −m
− =− (2)  3: 9x − 6y = 0 .................. (3)
6 12
(1) + (3): 13x − 52 = 0
m = −4
x=4
3 n Substitute x = 4 into (2).
− =−
6 12 3(4) − 2y = 0
n=6 12 = 2y
y=6
39. (a) Slope of L1 = slope of L2
m 5
− =− (c) OP = 13 − 0 = 13
4 n
mn = 20 OQ = (4 − 0) 2 + (6 − 0) 2
4 = 52
(b) (i) x-intercept of L1 =
5 OP > OQ
−12 4
− = ∴ Q is closer to the origin O.
m 5
m = 15
Substitute m = 15 into mn = 20.
15n = 20
4
n=
3
(ii) The equation of L2 is
5x + ny = 6
4
5x + y−6=0
3
−12
4
−6 9
4 2
3
∵ y-intercept of L1  y-intercept of L2
∴ L1 and L2 do not have infinitely many
points of intersection.

5 x − y − 2 = 0 .......................... (1) (b) From (a), the equation of AB is 3x − y − 44 = 0.

41. (a) 
3x + 4 y − 15 = 0 ....................... (2)  x − 4 y = 0 ............................. (1)

(1)  4: 20x − 4y − 8 = 0 ........... (3) 3x − y − 44 = 0 ...................... (2)
(2) + (3): 23x − 23 = 0 From (1), x = 4y ..................... (3)
x=1 Substitute (3) into (2).
Substitute x = 1 into (1). 3(4y) − y − 44 = 0
5(1) − y − 2 = 0 11y = 44
y=3 y=4
∴ The coordinates of P are (1 , 3). Substitute y = 4 into (3).
−2
(b) y-intercept of PQ = − = −2 x = 4(4)
−1
= 16
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , −2).
−15 ∴ The coordinates of A are (16 , 4).
x-intercept of PR = − =5
3 1 1
Slope of OA = − =
∴ The coordinates of R are (5 , 0). −4 4
∵ CB // OA
(c) The equation of QR is
−2 − 0 1
y−0= (x − 5) ∴ Slope of CB = slope of OA =
0−5 4
2 The equation of CB is
y = (x − 5)
5 1
y−9= (x − 3)
5y = 2x − 10 4
4y − 36 = x − 3
2x − 5y − 10 = 0
2 2 x − 4y + 33 = 0
(d) Slope of QR = − =
−5 5 3 x − y − 44 = 0 ....................... (4)

Slope of the altitude  slope of QR = −1  x − 4 y + 33 = 0 ....................... (5)
2 (5)  3: 3x − 12y + 99 = 0 ......... (6)
Slope of the altitude  = −1
5 (4) − (6): 11y − 143 = 0
5
Slope of the altitude = − y = 13
2
The equation of the altitude is Substitute y = 13 into (5).
5 x − 4(13) + 33 = 0
y − 3 = − (x − 1)
2 x = 19
2y − 6 = −5x + 5 ∴ The coordinates of B are (19 , 13).
5x + 2y − 11 = 0 (c) The equation of OB is
13 − 0
y−0= (x − 0)
9−0 19 − 0
42. (a) Slope of OC = =3
3−0 19y = 13x
∵ AB // OC 13x − 19y = 0
∴ Slope of AB = slope of OC (d) Substitute (8 , 6) into 13x − 19y = 0.
k L.H.S. = 13(8) − 19(6)
− =3
−1 = −10
k=3
 R.H.S.
The coordinates of D do not satisfy the equation
of OB.
∴ D does not lie on OB.

82 Solutions
4 4
43. (a) Slope of AB = − = (c) AB = (1 − 10 ) 2 + (0 − 12 ) 2 = 15
−3 3
∵ DC // AB BC = (10 − 6) 2 + (12 − 15) 2 = 5
∴ Slope of DC = slope of AB =
4 DC = (0 − 6) 2 + (7 − 15) 2 = 10
3
Area of the trapezium ABCD
The equation of DC is 1
=  (AB + DC)  BC
4 2
y − 15 = (x − 6)
3 1
=  (15 + 10)  5
3y − 45 = 4x − 24 2
125
4x − 3y + 21 = 0 =
2
∵ BC ⊥ AB
∴ Slope of BC  slope of AB = −1 4
44. (a) Slope of L = − =4
4 −1
Slope of BC  = −1
3 ∵  // L
3 ∴ Slope of  = slope of L = 4
Slope of BC = −
4
The equation of  is
The equation of BC is
y − 6 = 4(x − 2)
3
y − 15 = − (x − 6) y − 6 = 4x − 8
4
4y − 60 = −3x + 18 4x − y − 2 = 0
3x + 4y − 78 = 0 (b) Let (h , k) be the coordinates of P.
(b) The equation of AB is ∵ P lies on  .
4x − 3y = 4 ∴ 4h − k − 2 = 0
4x − 3y − 4 = 0 k = 4h − 2
−4 The coordinates of P are (h , 4h − 2).
x-intercept of AB = −=1
4 ∵ MP = NP
∴ The coordinates of A are (1 , 0).
∴ (h − 2) 2 + (4h − 2 − 6) 2
21
y-intercept of DC = − =7
−3 = (h − 0) 2 + (4h − 2 − 6) 2
∴ The coordinates of D are (0 , 7).
(h − 2)2 + (4h − 8)2 = h2 + (4h − 8)2
4 x − 3 y = 4 ............................ (1)
 h2 − 4h + 4 = h2
3 x + 4 y − 78 = 0 ..................... (2)
4 = 4h
(1)  4: 16x − 12y = 16 ............ (3)
h=1
(2)  3: 9x + 12y − 234 = 0 ....... (4)
When h = 1, k = 4(1) − 2 = 2.
(3) + (4): 25x − 234 = 16
25x = 250
6−2
x = 10 (c) Slope of MP = =4
2 −1
Substitute x = 10 into (1). 6−2
Slope of NP = = −4
4(10) − 3y = 4 0 −1
36 = 3y Slope of MP  slope of NP
y = 12 = 4  (−4)
∴ The coordinates of B are (10 , 12). = −16

 −1

∴ MP is not perpendicular to NP. (c) Note that the height of △BCD with respect to
∴ △MPN is not a right-angled triangle with the base BD and the height of △ACD with
MPN = 90. respect to the base AD are the same.
Area of △BCD : area of △ACD
−6 − 0 3
45. (a) Slope of L1 = = = BD : AD
− 13 − ( −5) 4
=3:1
3
y − 0 = [x − (−5)] −2
4 46. x-intercept of L1 = −=2
4y = 3x + 15 1
3x − 4y + 15 = 0
Let (a , 0) be the coordinates of Q.
∵ L2 ⊥ L1
a+0
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = −1 =2
3 2
Slope of L2  = −1 a=4
4
4 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (4 , 0).
Slope of L2 = −
3 1
The equation of L2 is −1
4 Let 1 and 2 be the inclinations of L1 and L2
y = − x + 10
3 respectively.
3y = −4x + 30 tan 1 = slope of L1
4x + 3y − 30 = 0 =1
3x − 4 y + 15 = 0 ..................... (1) 1 = 45
(b) 
4 x + 3 y − 30 = 0 ..................... (2) 2 = 1 + 15 or 1 − 15
(1)  3: 9x − 12y + 45 = 0 ......... (3)
= 45 + 15 or 45 − 15
(2)  4: 16x + 12y − 120 = 0 ...... (4)
= 60 or 30
(3) + (4): 25x − 75 = 0
Slope of L2 = tan 60 or tan 30
x=3 1
= 3 or
Substitute x = 3 into (2). 3
4(3) + 3y − 30 = 0
When slope of L2 is 3,
3y = 18
y=6 the equation of L2 is
∴ The coordinates of C are (3 , 6). y − 0 = 3 (x − 4)
AC = [3 − (−13)]2 + [6 − (−6)]2 = 20 y= 3x−4 3
BC = (3 − 0)2 + (6 − 10)2 = 5 3x − y − 4 3 = 0
Area of △ABC 1
When slope of L2 is ,
1 3
=  AC  BC the equation of L2 is
2
1
1
=  20  5 y−0 = (x − 4)
2 3
= 50 3y =x−4
x − 3y − 4 = 0

84 Solutions
47. (a) The equation of AC is The lengths of all the sides of △ACH are different.
x+y=7 ∴ △ACH is not an isosceles triangle.
x+y−7=0
−7 48. (a) ∵ The in-centre of △PQR lies on PS.
x-intercept of AC = − =7
1 ∴ PS is the angle bisector of RPQ.
∴ The coordinates of A are (7 , 0). ∵ PQ = PR
−7 ∴ PS ⊥ RQ and S is the mid-point of RQ.
y-intercept of AC = − =7
1
∵ PS is a horizontal line.
∴ The coordinates of C are (0 , 7).
∴ The equation of PS is y = 1 and RQ is a
1
(b) Slope of AC = − = −1 vertical line.
1
∵ BE ⊥ AC ∴ The coordinates of S are (6 , 1).
∴ Slope of BE  slope of AC = −1 Let (6 , a) be the coordinates of R.
Slope of BE  (−1) = −1 a + (−2)
=1
2
Slope of BE = 1
a−2=2
The equation of BE is
a=4
y − 9 = 1(x − 10)
y − 9 = x − 10
1 − (−2) 1
x−y−1=0 Slope of PQ = =−
−3−6 3
9−7 1 Let T be a point on PQ such that RT ⊥ PQ.
Slope of BC = =
10 − 0 5
∵ AD ⊥ BC
∴ Slope of AD  slope of BC = −1
1
Slope of AD  = −1
5
Slope of AD = −5
The equation of AD is Slope of RT  slope of PQ = −1
y − 0 = −5(x − 7)  1
Slope of RT   −  = −1
y = −5x + 35  3
5x + y − 35 = 0 Slope of RT = 3
 x − y − 1 = 0 ..........................(1) The equation of the required straight line is
(c) 
5 x + y − 35 = 0 ...................... (2) y − 4 = 3(x − 6)
(1) + (2): 6x − 36 = 0 y − 4 = 3x − 18
x=6 3x − y − 14 = 0
Substitute x = 6 into (1). (b) The orthocentre of △PQR is the point of
6−y−1=0 intersection of PS and RT.
y=5 Let (b , 1) be the coordinates of the orthocentre.
∴ The coordinates of H are (6 , 5). Substitute (b , 1) into 3x − y − 14 = 0.
(d) AH = (7 − 6) 2 + (0 − 5) 2 = 26 3b − 1 − 14 = 0
3b = 15
CH = (0 − 6) 2 + (7 − 5) 2 = 40
b=5
AC = (7 − 0) 2 + (0 − 7) 2 = 98 ∴ The coordinates of the orthocentre of
△PQR are (5 , 1).

49. Let L1, L2 and L3 be the straight lines x + 2y = 2a, a=3

−4 − 0 1
x − 2y = −2a and y = 1 respectively. 50. (a) Slope of L1 = =
2 − 10 2
Suppose that L1 and L2 meet at the point P, L2 and L3 ∵ L2 // L1
meet at the point Q, and L3 and L1 meet at the point R. 1
 x + 2 y = 2a .......................... (1) 2

 x − 2 y = −2a ........................ (2) The equation of L2 is
1
(1) + (2): 2x = 0 y − 0 = [x − (−6)]
2
x=0
2y = x + 6
x − 2y + 6 = 0
0 + 2y = 2a
(b) AB = (2 − 10)2 + (−4 − 0)2 = 80
y=a
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , a). BC = (−6 − 2)2 + [0 − (−4)]2 = 80
Substitute y = 1 into x − 2y = −2a. ∵ AB = BC
x − 2(1) = −2a ∴ △ABC is an isosceles triangle.
x = −2a + 2 (c) Let  be the inclination of L2.

tan  = slope of L2
∴ The coordinates of Q are (−2a + 2 , 1).
1
Substitute y = 1 into x + 2y = 2a. =
2
x + 2(1) = 2a  = 26.565, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
x = 2a − 2 ACD =  = 26.565, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
∴ The coordinates of R are (2a − 2 , 1). ∵ L1 // L2
Coordinates of the mid-point of QR ∴ BAC = ACD

 − 2a + 2 + 2a − 2 1 + 1  ∵ AB = BC
= , 
 2 2  ∴ ACB = BAC
= (0 , 1) = ACD
∵ y = 1 is a horizontal line. BCD = ACD + ACB
∴ The perpendicular bisector of QR is a vertical line = 2 ACD
and its equation is x = 0. = 2  26.565
∴ The coordinates of the circumcentre are (0 , −2). = 53.1, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Coordinates of the mid-point of PR > 50
 0 + 2a − 2 a + 1  ∴ The claim is agreed.
= , 
 2 2 
 a +1  51. D
=  a −1 , 
 2 
Let  be the inclination of L.
Slope of the perpendicular bisector of PR  slope of PR
 + 90 = 135
= −1
 = 45
a +1
− ( −2)
2 1− a Slope of L = tan 45 = 1
 = −1
a −1− 0 2a − 2 − 0 The equation of L is
a+5 y − 0 = 1(x − c)
2  − ( a − 1) = −1
a − 1 2a − 2 y=x−c
a + 5 = 4a − 4 x−y−c=0
9 = 3a

86 Solutions
52. B Slope of the perpendicular bisector  slope of AB = −1

∵ L1 // L2 Slope of the perpendicular bisector  2 = −1
1
∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 = − Slope of the perpendicular bisector = −
1
4 2
The equation of L1 is The equation of the perpendicular bisector is
1
y − 2 = − (x − 3) 1
y − 5 = − (x − 3)
4 2
4y − 8 = −x + 3 2y − 10 = −x + 3
x + 4y − 11 = 0 x + 2y − 13 = 0
53. A 56. C
1 1
Slope of L1 = − = y-intercept of L1 = −
12 12
=
−3 3 −b b
∵ L2 ⊥ L1 −3
1 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L3
3 12
=3
Slope of L2 = −3 b
The equation of L2 is b=4
a a
y = −3x + 1 Slope of L1 = − =
−b b
3x + y − 1 = 0 6
−3
54. C Slope of L1 = slope of L2
k a
2 b
4 2
Slope of L2 = − = a = 2b
−6 3
=24
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
=8
k 2
−  = −1
2 3 57. A
k=3 x y
For the straight line + +1 = 0 ,
−6 −6 a b
x-intercept of L1 = − =− =2 i.e. bx + ay + ab = 0,
k 3
b
slope = − < 0
a
55. D ab
x-intercept = − = −a > 0
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB b
 2+ 4 3+ 7  ab
= y-intercept = − = −b > 0
,  a
 2 2 
∴ The answer is A.
= (3 , 5)
Slope of AB
7−3
=
4−2
=2

58. A III. From the figure,

I. From the figure, x-intercept of L1 < x-intercept of L2
x-intercept < 0 b d
− <−
c a c
− <0 b d
a >
c a c
>0 bc
a >d
∵ c>0 a
bc > ad
∴ a>0
ad < bc
∴ I is true.
∴ III is true.
II. From the figure,
∴ I, II and III are true.
y-intercept > 0
c
− >0 60. B
b
c I. From the figure,
<0
b y-intercept of L1 < 0
∵ c>0
1
∴ b<0 <0
a
∴ II is true. a<0
III. From the figure, Slope of L2 > 0
y-intercept > 2 a
− >0
c b
− >2 a
b <0
b
−c < 2b
∵ a<0
c > −2b
∴ b>0
∴ III is not true.
∴ I is true.
∴ Only I and II are true.
y-intercept of L1 > y-intercept of L2
59. D
1 3b
I. From the figure, >−
a b
slope of L1 < slope of L2 < 0 1
> −3
a c a
− <− < 0 1 < −3a
1 1
a>c>0 3a < −1
∴ I is true. ∴ II is not true.
II. From the figure, III. From the figure,

y-intercept of L1 < y-intercept of L2 x-intercept of L2 > 1
b d 3b
− <− − >1
1 1 a
b>d −3b < a
∴ II is true. a + 3b > 0
∴ III is true.
∴ Only I and III are true.

88 Solutions
61. C 64. C
−21 4−0 2
x-intercept of CD = − =3 Slope of OQ = =
7 6−0 3
∴ The coordinates of D are (3 , 0). ∵ PG ⊥ OQ
The equation of AD is ∴ Slope of PG  slope of OQ = −1
2−0 2
y−0= (x − 3) Slope of PG  = −1
−4−3 3
2 3
y = − (x − 3) Slope of PG = −
7 2
7y = −2x + 6 The equation of PG is
2x + 7y − 6 = 0 3
y − 0 =− (x − 8)
2
62. D 2y = −3x + 24
Coordinates of P 3x + 2y − 24 = 0
Let (6 , b) be the coordinates of G.
= coordinates of the mid-point of BC
Substitute (6 , b) into 3x + 2y − 24 = 0.
 8 + 4 6 + (−2) 
= ,  3(6) + 2b − 24 = 0
 2 2 
2b = 6
= (6 , 2)
b=3
2−4 ∴ The coordinates of G are (6 , 3).
y−4= (x − 0)
6−0
1
y − 4 =− x Competition Corner (P.2.61)
3
1. C
3y − 12 = −x
The line y = mx must cut BC. Let P(a , b) be the point of
x + 3y − 12 = 0
intersection of the line y = mx and BC. Since the area of
△PCD is half of the area of the trapezium ABCD, it can
63. B
16
−24 be found that b = . Since B, P and C are collinear, it
x-intercept of L = − =6 5
4
34  34 16 
∴ OB = 6 can be found that a = . By substituting  , 
5  5 5
−24
y-intercept of L = − =8 into y = mx, we have m = .
8
3 17
∴ OA = 8
AB = OA2 + OB2
2
2. B
AB = 8 + 6 2 2
The coordinates of all the possible points are (a , a) and
= 10 (a , –a). By substituting (a , a) and (a , –a) into
1 1 24 24
∵ Area of △AOB =  OA  OB =  AB  OP 3x + 8y = 24 respectively, we have a = and − .
2 2 11 5
∴ OA  OB = AB  OP 144
Therefore, the sum of all possible values of a is − .
8  6 = 10  OP 55
OP = 4.8

3. E
Let y = mx + 2, y = mx + 3 and y = mx + 4 be the 2. I. From the figure,
equations of the three parallel lines. Then the three slope of L1 < slope of L2 < 0
2 3 4 p r
x-intercepts are − , − and − . Since the sum of − <− <0
m m m −1 −1
1 p<r<0
the three x-intercepts are 36, we have m = − , i.e. the
4 ∴ I is true.
1
required slope is − . II. From the figure,
4
Exam Get-Set-Go −q > −s
Exam Drill 1 (P.2.63) q<s
1. I. From the figure, ∴ II is true.
slope of L1 > slope of L2 > 0 III. From the figure,

1 1 x-intercept of L1 = 1
− >− > 0
a c q
=1
1 1 p
< <0
a c q=p
∴ a < 0, c < 0 and a > c.
p−q=0
∴ I is true.
x-intercept of L2 < 1
II. From the figure, s
<1
x-intercept of L1 > x-intercept of L2 r
b>d s>r
∴ II is true. 0>r−s
III. From the figure, p−q>r−s
y-intercept of L2 = 1 ∴ III is not true.
d ∴ Only I and II are true.
=1
c ∴ The answer is A.
c=d
y-intercept of L1 < 1
b Exam Drill 2 (P.2.64)
<1
a ∵ The two straight lines intersect at a point lying on the
b>a x-axis.
∴ a+c<b+c
∴ Their x-intercepts are the same.
a+d<b+c
40 8
∴ III is true. ∴ − =−
h 3
∴ I, II and III are true. h = 15
∴ The answer is D. ∵ The two straight lines are perpendicular to each other.
h  3
∴ −   −  = −1
−9  k 
15  3 
  −  = −1
9  k
k=5
∴ The answer is B.

90 Solutions
Exam-type Questions (P.2.64) ∴ a>c

1. D ∴ I is true.
I. From the figure, II. From the figure,
y-intercept of L < −6 x-intercept of L2 > x-intercept of L1
− ab d b
− < −6 − >−
b 1 a
a < −6 b
d<
∴ I is true. a
II. From the figure, ad < b
0 < x-intercept of L < 4 ∴ II is true.
−ab
0 <− <4 III. From the figure,
a
0<b<4
b d
∴ II is true. − >−
2 c
III. Construct a straight line L1 which passes through b d
<
(4 , 0) and (0 , −6). 2 c
bc > 2d
L1
∴ Only I and II are true.
3. A
I. From the figure,
x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L2
From the figure, c 1
− =−
slope of L > slope of L1 a c
a = c2
a 0 − (−6)
− > >0
b 4−0
a ∴ I is true.
∴ − >1
b II. From the figure,
−a > b y-intercept of L2 < 0
a+b<0 1
<0
∴ III is true. d
d<0
∴ I, II and III are true.
Slope of L1 < 0
a
2. A − <0
b
I. From the figure, ∵ a>0
slope of L1 < 0 ∴ b>0
a
− <0 Slope of L2 > slope of L1
2
c a
a>0 − >−
d b
slope of L2 > 0 c a
<
1 d b
− >0
c bc
<a
c<0 d
bc > ad

∴ II is true.
III. Substitute (0 , 3) into ax + by = c. IV. From the figure,
a(0) + b(3) = c x-intercept of L1 < x-intercept of L2
3b = c b d
− <−
∴ a = c2 = (3b)2 = 9b2 a c
b d
y-intercept of L2 < 0 >
a c
1 ad
<0 b>
d c
d<0 bc < ad
a+d<a
x-intercept of L2 > x-intercept of L1
a + d < 9b2
d b
− >−
9b2 > a + d c a
∴ III is not true. d b
<
∴ Only I and II are true. c a
bc
d>
a
4. B ad > bc
I. From the figure, ∴ IV is true.
y-intercept of L1 > 0 ∴ Only I , II and IV are true.
b
− >0
−1
5. B
b>0
∴ I is true. 2 2
Slope of L2 = − =
−3 3
∵ L1 ⊥ L2
slope of L1 > 0
a
− >0 2
−1 Slope of L1  = −1
3
a>0 3
Slope of L1 = −
slope of L2 < 0 2
c −12
− <0 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2 = − = −4
−1 −3
c<0 The equation of L1 is
∴ a>c 3
y = − x + (−4)
∴ II is true. 2
2y = −3x − 8
III. From the figure,
3x + 2y + 8 = 0
y-intercept of L1 > x-intercept of L2
b d
− >−
−1 −1
b>d

92 Solutions
6. B Let S be the orthocentre of △ABC. Then AS ⊥ BC.

∵ The straight line 4x − y − 30 = 0 is the ∵ BC is a horizontal line.
perpendicular bisector of PQ. ∴ AS is a vertical line.
1  4  ∴ x-coordinate of S = x-coordinate of A = −5
∴ −  −  = −1
a  −1 ∴ The coordinates of S are (−5 , 11).
a=4
8b Let (k , 6) be the coordinates of C.
x-intercept of L = − = −8b
1 ∵ SC ⊥ AB
∴ The coordinates of P are (−8b , 0). 11 − 6 6−0
∴  = −1
8b 8b − 5 − k 0 − (−5)
y-intercept of L = − = − = −2b
a 4 6=5+k
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , −2b). k=1
Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ ∴ The x-coordinate of C is 1.
 − 8b + 0 0 + (−2b) 
= , 
 2 2 
9. D
= (−4b , −b)
Let L1, L2 and L3 be the straight lines x + y = −6,
Substitute (−4b , −b) into 4x − y − 30 = 0.
x + 3y = 0 and x − 4y = 14 respectively.
4(−4b) − (−b) − 30 = 0
Suppose that L1 and L2 meet at the point P, and L2 and
−15b = 30
L3 meet at the point Q.
b = −2
 x + y = −6 ............................. (1)

 x + 3 y = 0 ............................. (2)
7. C
(2) − (1): 2y = 6
∵ The straight lines are perpendicular to each other.
y=3
k  15 
∴ −  −  = −1 Substitute y = 3 into (1).
15  − 8 
k=8 x + 3 = −6
15k x = −9
x-intercept of L = − = −15
k ∴ The coordinates of P are (−9 , 3).
15k
y-intercept of L = − = −k = −8  x + 3 y = 0 ............................. (3)
15 
 x − 4 y = 14 ........................... (4)
∴ The required perimeter
(3) − (4): 7y = −14
= [0 − (−15)] + [0 − (−8)] +
y = −2
[0 − (−15)] 2 + [0 − (−8)] 2
Substitute y = −2 into (3).
= 15 + 8 + 17
x + 3(−2) = 0
= 40
x=6
∴ The coordinates of Q are (6 , −2).
8. C −2 − 3 1
Slope of PQ = =−
Let L be the straight line 6x − 5y + 30 = 0. 6 − (−9) 3
30
x-intercept of L = − = −5 Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ
6
∴ The coordinates of A are (−5 , 0).  − 9 + 6 3 + (−2) 
= , 
30  2 2 
y-intercept of L = − =6
−5  3 1
= − , 
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 6).  2 2

Let (0 , k) be the coordinates of the circumcentre. 2. (a) Substitute (−2 , 1) into 2x − y + 5 = 0.

∵ The perpendicular bisector of PQ passes through L.H.S. = 2(−2) − 1 + 5
the circumcentre. =0
1 = R.H.S.
−k
1
∴ −  2 = −1 The coordinates of the point of intersection
3 3
− −0 satisfy the equation of L.
2
1 9 ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
−k =−
2 2 L1 and L2 .
k=5
Substitute (−2 , 1) into 3x + 2y + 4 = 0.
∴ The y-coordinate of the circumcentre is 5.
L.H.S. = 3(−2) + 2(1) + 4
=0
Public Exam Questions (P.2.65) = R.H.S.
1. (a) 3x − 4y + 78 = 0 The coordinates of the point of intersection
(b) (24 , 0) satisfy the equation of L.
(c) 150 ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
3 L1 and L2 .
(d)
2
3
For k = ,
2
2. (a) B(−3 , 4), C(4 , −3) the equation of L is
(b) no 3
(2x − y + 5) + (x + 3y − 1) = 0
2
(c) x − y − 7 = 0, (10 , 3)
4x − 2y + 10 + 3x + 9y − 3 = 0
7x + 7y + 7 = 0
3. A 4. A 5. D 6. A
x+y+1=0
7. D 8. C 9. A 10. A
Substitute (−2 , 1) into x + y + 1 = 0.
11. D 12. B 13. D 14. D
L.H.S. = −2 + 1 + 1
15. A
=0
= R.H.S.
Inquiry & Investigation (P.2.68)
The coordinates of the point of intersection
Investigation steps
satisfy the equation of L.
2 x − y + 5 = 0 ............................... (1)
1.  ∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
 x + 3 y − 1 = 0 ................................ (2)
L1 and L2 .
(2)  2: 2x + 6y − 2 = 0 ................... (3)
For k = −2,
(3) − (1): 7y − 7 = 0
y=1 the equation of L is
Substitute y = 1 into (2). (2x − y + 5) + (−2)(x + 3y − 1) = 0
x + 3(1) − 1 = 0 2x − y + 5 − 2x − 6y + 2 = 0
x = −2 −7y + 7 = 0
∴ The required coordinates are (−2 , 1). y−1=0

94 Solutions
Substitute (−2 , 1) into y − 1 = 0. 3. ∵ (r , s) lies on both A1x + B1y + C1 = 0 and

L.H.S. = 1 − 1 A2x + B2y + C2 = 0.
=0 ∴ A1r + B1s + C1 = 0 and A2r + B2s + C2 = 0.
= R.H.S. When x = r and y = s,
The coordinates of the point of intersection (A1x + B1y + C1) + k(A2x + B2y + C2)
satisfy the equation of L. = (A1r + B1s + C1) + k(A2r + B2s + C2)
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of = 0 + k(0)
L1 and L2 . =0
3
For k = − ,
5 Conclusion
If two straight lines A1 x + B1 y + C1 = 0 and
 3
(2x − y + 5) +  − ( x + 3 y − 1) = 0 A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0 intersect at only one point P, the
 5
10x − 5y + 25 − 3x − 9y + 3 = 0 straight line ( A1 x + B1 y + C1 ) + k ( A2 x + B2 y + C2 ) = 0
7x − 14y + 28 = 0 passes through P.
x − 2y + 4 = 0
Substitute (−2 , 1) into x − 2y + 4 = 0.
L.H.S. = −2 − 2(1) + 4
=0
= R.H.S.
The coordinates of the point of intersection
satisfy the equation of L.
∴ L passes through the point of intersection of
L1 and L2 .
(b) (i) ∵ (a , b) lies on L1.
∴ 2a − b + 5 = 0
When x = a and y = b,
2x − y + 5 = 2a − b + 5 = 0
(ii) ∵ (a , b) lies on L2.
∴ a + 3b − 1 = 0
When x = a and y = b,
x + 3y − 1 = a + 3b − 1 = 0
(iii) When x = a and y = b,
(2x − y + 5) + k(x + 3y − 1)
= (2a − b + 5) + k(a + 3b − 1)
= 0 + k(0)
=0
(c) From the results of (b), a change in the value of
k does not affect the result of (b)(iii).

4A Chapter 2 Full Sol

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38

Chapter 2 Equations of Straight Lines

Q & A (P.2.1) 0−4

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7. (a) ∵ L1 // PQ 10. (a) Coordinates of P

9. (a) Coordinates of the mid-point 1. (a) Slope of L

 1+1 4 + 8  = tan 36

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Quick Quiz 2.2 (P.2.28) 2. (a) Slope of L

Instant Drill 1 (P.2.8)

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(b) Slope of L2 (c) 4x − 4y + 9 = 0

(b) The equation of L is (a) The equation of L is

Instant Drill 5 (P.2.14) L.H.S. = 1 + 2(3) − 10

(a) The slope is 7 and the y-intercept is −4. = −3

y = −x − 3 The coordinates of S do not satisfy the equation of L.

∴ The slope is −1 and the y-intercept is −3. ∴ S does not lie on L.

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Instant Drill 8 (P.2.18) Instant Drill 10 (P.2.20)

(b) Substitute y = 0 into x − y + 6 = 0. The equation of L is

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Instant Drill 13 (P.2.30) ∴ (2k + 4 − 2) 2 + (k − 2) 2

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Slope of L > slope of L1

1 (b) From the figure,

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Instant Drill 17 (P.2.41) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2

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5 x − 12 y = 0 ................................. (1) Class Practice 2.1 (P.2.16)

= 13 2. (a) The equation of L is

4. (a) The equation of L is

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Class Practice 2.2 (P.2.20) 1

x − 3(0) + 5 = 0 ∴ a < c is true.

x = −5 (b) From the figure,

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(c) From the figure, (b) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2

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2. Slope of the straight line  + 90 = 110

7. (a) The equation of L is

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8. (a) The equation of L is 11. (a) The equation of L is

13. (a) The equation of L is y = −5.

4x + y − 7 = 0 ∴ The slope is 1 and the y-intercept is 5.

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21. (a) The equation of L is 24. (a) Substitute (a , 5) into 4x − 3y + 3 = 0.

22. (a) The equation of L is ∴ The coordinates of Q are (5 , 0).

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0 − (−3) 3 31. (a) The coordinates of Q are (2 , 10).

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3 Let O be the origin.

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5. (a) Slope of L = −2 10. (a) Slope of L1 = −

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12. x-intercept of L2 = x-intercept of L1 7

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18. (a) Slope of L = −

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∴ The coordinates of P are (−10 , 0). ∵ BD ⊥ AC

∴ Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ ∴ Slope of BD  slope of AC = −1

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