:‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫ دس‬, ‫ا رس ا‬ )‫أ د‬

/ ,$ +, ‫ا‬
0$ )1
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬ - ‫ا‬

‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا و‬ ‫ا‬:‫ى‬

# ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬ : ‫!ا‬ ‫ا‬ " •
$ $%‫م ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا(داب و‬ : $ $%‫م ا‬ ‫ا(داب و ا‬ " •
‫تار‬ ‫ظرة ن ا درس و ا‬ ‫وى ا درس و ا ھداف ا درات ا‬

: ‫د‬ ‫تا‬ ‫ا‬ .I

lim x3 = +∞ • lim x = +∞ • lim x = +∞ •
2 f ( x ) = 2x : R ‫ ا ا ا د ا‬f :1‫ل‬
x →+∞ x →+∞ x →+∞
f ( x) ‫ ل‬0 ‫إ‬ x ‫ول‬ ‫أ ا‬ lim f ( x) : ‫ا‬
lim x = −∞ lim x
2
= +∞ • lim x = +∞ ∀n ∈ ℕ • n ∗ x →0
x →−∞ x →+∞
x →−∞
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x = 0 ‫و‬
x→0 x→0

lim xn = −∞
x→−∞
• $‫ زو‬n ‫ن‬ ‫ إذا‬lim x =+∞
x→−∞
n
• lim x3 = −∞
x→−∞
•
lim x 2 = 0 • lim x = 0 • : ‫د‬ ‫تا‬
x →0 x→0
‫ )!دي‬n ‫إذا ن‬
lim x 2014 (2
x →−∞
lim x 6 (1: $ ‫ت ا‬
x →+∞
‫أ"! ا‬:2 ! " ∀n ∈ ℕ∗ lim x n = 0
x →0
• lim x 3 = 0
x →0
•
lim − 7 x 9 (4 lim x 2015 (3 : $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:1 ! "
x →−∞ x →−∞
5 x − 1 (2
lim x 2014
= +∞ (2 lim x = +∞ (1: #$‫أ‬ 6
lim 2 lim ( 3 + x − 3x 2 ) (1
x →−∞ x →+∞ x →1 3 x − x x →−1

lim− 7 x = +∞ (4 lim x 2015 = −∞ (3 lim 3 + x − 3 x = 3 + ( −1) − 3 ( −1) = 3 + ( −1) − 3 = −1 = l (1: #$‫أ‬

9 2 2

x →− x →−∞ x →−1

−∞ ‫أ و‬ +∞ ‫ا‬ .III lim

5x −1
=
5 ×1 − 1
=
4
= 1 = l (2
1 : x →1 3 x − x 3 ( −1) − ( −1) 3 + 1
2 2

f ( x) = R ‫ ا ا ا د ا‬f
x −∞ ‫ أ و‬+∞ ‫ا‬ !& .II
: ‫ا ' ا & ول ا‬ f ( x) = x : 2
R ‫ ا ا ا د ا‬f
x
: ‫ا ' ا & ول ا‬
x
-10000

10000
-1000

100
-10

10
-1

-10000

10000
0

-1000

f ( x)
100
-10

10
-1

20 ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ f ( x) ‫ ن‬x ( )*‫ أ‬+",* f ( x)

lim f ( x) = 0 : +
*‫و‬ : * .‫( أ‬ f ( x) ‫ن‬x ( )*‫ أ‬+",*
x→+∞ lim f ( x) = +∞
x→+∞
20 ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ f ( x) ‫ ن‬x /0 )*‫ أ‬+",* *‫ ( و‬f ( x ) ‫ ن‬x /0
lim f ( x) = +∞ : )*‫ أ‬+",*
x→−∞
lim f ( x) = 0 : − *
x→−∞

:‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 1‫ص‬

 3x + 1 1 • lim 1 = 0 + • : ‫د‬ ‫تا‬
lim = +∞ : D ‫ و‬lim+ 2 x − 6 = 0+ : 7 ‫و‬ lim = 0−
2x − 6
x →3+ x →3 x →−∞ x x →+∞ x
3x + 1 1 1 ∗
= 0 ∀n ∈ ℕ • lim n = 0 ∀n ∈ ℕ •
∗
lim = −∞ : D ‫ و‬lim− 2 x − 6 = 0− (2 lim
x →3− 2 x − 6 x →−∞ x n x →+∞ x
x →3

3x − 8 ‫و‬ 3 x − 8 (1: $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:5 ! " $ $ " ‫دا‬ l ‫د و‬ ‫ دا‬f : -.

lim lim
x → 2− 2x − 4 2x − 4
x → 2+ .‫ ة‬$"‫و‬ ‫ ( ن ھ ه ا‬−∞ ‫ )أو‬+∞ l * 5( f 4* ‫إذا‬
−5 x + 1 (3
2
x−4 ‫و‬ x − 4 (2 1 (2 1 (1 : $ ‫ت ا‬
lim lim lim lim lim ‫أ"! ا‬:3 ! "
x →−2± x+2 x → 3− − 2 x + 6 x →3+ −2 x + 6 x →−∞ x 5 x →+∞ x 3

5 x − 20 (4 12 (5 −4 (4 5 (3
lim lim lim lim
x → 2± −2 x + 4 x →+∞ x 2009 x →+∞ x5 x →−∞ x7
lim 2 x − 4 = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ 3 x − 8 = −2 (1 : #$‫أ‬ 1 1
x → 2+ x→2 = 0− (2 lim 3 = 0+ ( : #$ ‫ا‬
lim
x5 x →+∞ x
x →−∞

12 −4 5
lim 2009 = 0+ (5 lim 5 = 0− (4 lim 7 = 0− (3
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →−∞ x

) ‫ا‬ 0 1‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .IV

3x − 8
lim+ = −∞ : ‫ و‬lim+ 2 x − 4 = 0+ : 7 ‫و‬ : ‫د‬ ‫تا‬
x →2 2 x − 4 x→2
$ $‫ا‬ 0 2 ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ ‫ و أ ا‬lim 1 = +∞ •
3x − 8
lim = +∞ : ‫ و‬lim− 2 x − 4 = 0− x→0+ x
x → 2+ 2 x − 4 x→2
‫! ر‬$ ‫ا‬ 0 ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ ‫ و أ ا‬lim 1 = −∞ •
lim+ − 2 x + 6 = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ x − 4 = −1 (2 x →0− x
x →3 x →3

(3 lim −53 (2 lim+

1
(1: $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫أ"! ا‬:4 ! "
x →0 −
x x →0 x3
1 (6 lim −1 (5 −12 (4 9
lim+ 3 x + 7 + lim− lim+
x−4 x →0 x →0+ x x →0 x4 x →0 x5
lim = +∞ : D ‫ و‬lim+ − 2 x + 6 = 0 − : 7 ‫و‬ x
x →3+ −2 x + 6 x →3
(3 lim −53 = −∞ (2
1
x−4 lim+ = +∞ (1 : #$ ‫ا‬
lim− = −∞ : D ‫ و‬lim− − 2 x + 6 = 0+ x→0 −
x x→0 x3
x →3 −2 x + 6
(6 lim −1 =−∞ (5 lim −12
x →3 9
=−∞ (4 lim+ 5 + ∞
−5x2 + 1 x→0+
x x→0 x
4 x →0 x −

lim± (3
x →−2 x+2 1
lim3x + 7 + = 0 + 7 +∞=+∞
lim+ x + 2 = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ − 5 x 2 + 1 = −19 x→0+ x
x →−2 x →−2
) ‫ ر ا‬, ‫ ا‬24 ‫وا‬ ‫ ا‬24 ‫ ا‬.V
$ $‫ا‬ a ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ l ‫ول إ‬
f ( x ) 4* ‫إذا‬
" lim f ( x ) = l " ‫أو‬ " lim f ( x ) = l " : * *=
−5 x 2 + 1 −5 x 2 + 1 x→a x→a+
lim− = +∞ ‫ و‬lim = −∞ : 7 ‫و‬ x≻a
x+2 x+2
f ( x ) 4* ‫إذا‬
+
x →−2 x →−2
‫! ر‬$ ‫ا‬ a ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ l ‫ول إ‬
lim+ − 2 x + 4 = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ 5x − 20 = −10 (4
x→2 x→2 " lim f ( x) = l " ‫ " أو‬lim f ( x) = l " : −
6)
x →a x →a
x<a

1
• lim = −∞ • lim 1 =+∞ : ‫د‬ ‫تا‬
x →0 x x→0 x
5 x − 20 5 x − 20 x≺ 0 x≻0
lim = −∞ ‫ و‬lim+ = +∞ : 7 ‫و‬ ∗
lim x = 0 • ∀n ∈ ℕ lim 1 = +∞
x → 2− −2 x + 4 x → 2 −2 x + 4 1
lim =+∞ •
x →0
: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:6 ! " x→0
x≻0
x x ≻0
x →0 n
x≻0
x
x−4 2x + 1 2x + 1 1 ‫ ن‬,‫م‬ $@ A‫ زو‬n ‫•إذا ن‬
lim+ (3 lim− (2 lim+ (1 lim = +∞
x → 4 −2 x + 8 x →3 3 x − 9 x →3 3 x − 9 x →0 xn
x≺ 0
x−4 1
lim−
x → 4 −2 x + 8
(4 lim = −∞ ‫ ن‬,‫م‬ $@ ‫دي‬ n ‫• إذا ن‬
x →0
x≺ 0
xn
‫ت‬ ‫ ا‬24 ‫ ت‬4 8 ‫ ا‬.VI
3x + 1 3x + 1
l ′ ‫ و‬l ‫ و‬−∞‫ أو‬+∞ ‫ أو ! وي‬$ " ‫ د‬a 5 lim− (2 lim+ (1: $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:‫ل‬
‫! ر‬$ ‫ و ا‬$ $ ‫ا‬ E F ( ‫ت‬$ ‫ه ا‬G‫ھ‬H* $ $ " ‫دان‬ x →3 2x − 4 x →3 2 x − 6

lim+ 2 x − 6 = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ 3x + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10 : #$‫أ‬

x →3 x →3

:9 ‫وا‬ ‫ ا‬.1

:‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 2‫ص‬

 1
lim = +∞ : 7 ‫ و‬lim x = 0+ (3
x →0 x x →0

:‫و ا > رج‬ ‫ ا‬.4

1 : $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:‫ل‬
lim 3 x + 7 +
x →0 + x
:7 ‫ و‬lim 1 = +∞ ‫ و‬lim 7 = 7 ‫ و‬lim 3 x = 0 : ‫اب‬# ‫ا‬
+ +
x → 0+ x x→0 x→0

x 2 − 4 (2 4 x − 5 (1: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬: 4 ‫أ‬ 1

lim
x →2 x − 2
lim
x →4
lim 3 x + 7 + = +∞
x x → 0+ x
lim x = 2 ‫ و‬lim 4 x − 5 = 11 : (1: #$‫أ‬ :‫و ا ;!ب‬ ‫ ا‬.2
x→ 4 x→ 4

4x − 5 11 : 7 ‫و‬
lim =
x→4 2
x
‫ و‬lim x 2 − 4 = 0 : x 2 − 4 (2
lim x − 2 = 0 lim
x→2 x→2 x →2 x − 2

0 : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E*

0
x2 − 4
lim = lim
x2 − 22
= lim
( x − 2)( x + 2) = lim x + 2 = 4 lim x 2 − x (2 ‫و‬ lim 5 x 4 (1 : $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬: 4 ‫أ‬
x→2 x − 2 x→2 x − 2 x→2 x−2 x→2 x →+∞ x →+∞

lim
x 2 − 9 (2
x →3 x − 9
lim
2 x − 6 (1: $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫أ"! ا‬:7 ! " (
lim x − x
x →+∞
) (5 lim ( x2 +1) × 1 (4
x→−∞ x
lim ( x2 −1)
x →−∞
2008
× ( x3 + 1)
2009
(3
x →1
x+3
4 x 2 − 1 (3 lim 5x4 = 5 × ( +∞) = +∞ (1: #$‫أ‬
x→+∞
lim
1 2x − 1
x→
2 +∞ − ∞ : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E* lim x2 − x =+∞−∞(2
x→+∞
lim x + 3 = 2 ‫ و‬lim 2 x − 6 = −4 : (1 : #$‫أ‬ : 5$ D ,L ‫ ال ش غ م‬N *
x →1 x →1

2x − 6 4 lim x 2 − x = lim x ( x − 1)
lim = =2 :7 ‫و‬ x →+∞ x →+∞
x →1
x+3 2
lim x − 1 = +∞ ‫ و‬lim x = +∞ :
‫ و‬limx2 −9 = 0 : x2 − 9 (2 x →+∞ x →+∞
lim x − 3 = 0 lim
x→3 x→3 x→3 x − 3 lim x 2 − x = +∞ : 7 ‫و‬
x →+∞
0 : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E* : 7 ‫ و‬lim ( x3 +1)2009 =−∞ ‫ و‬lim( x2 −1)2008 =+∞ (3
0 x→−∞ x→−∞
:‫ال‬P QR D ST 5$ D ,L ‫ال ش غ م‬ UV* lim( x2 −1) ×( x3 +1)
2008 2009
=−∞
x −9
2
x −3 2 2
( x − 3)( x + 3) x→−∞
= lim = lim = lim x + 3 = 4
lim
x →3 x − 3 x→3 x − 3 x →2 x−3 x →2 : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E* lim 1 = 0− ‫ و‬lim ( x2 +1) = +∞ (4
x→−∞ x→−∞
x
‫و‬ : 4 x 2 − 1 (3
lim 2 x − 1 = 0 lim 4 x 2
− 1 = 0 lim ∞×0
x→ 2 x − 1
1 1 1
x→ x→

lim ( x2 +1) × = lim x + =−∞+0 =−∞:

2 2 2
1 1 O D ,L ‫ ال ش غ م‬N *
0 : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E* x→−∞ x x→−∞ x
0
:‫ال‬P QR D ST 5$ D ,L ‫ال ش غ م‬ UV* : 5$(I ‫ د‬E ‫غ‬5 K 50E* lim − x = −∞ ‫و‬ lim x = +∞ (5
x→+∞ x → +∞

( 2x ) −12 = lim ( 2x −1)( 2x + 1) = lim2x + 1 = 2 +∞ − ∞

2
4 x2 −1
lim1 = lim1
x→
2
2 x − 1 x→ 2 x − 1
2
x→
1 2x −1
2
x→
1
2 x →+∞
(
lim x − x = lim ) x →+∞
x ( x − 1) = +∞ : 5$ D ,L ‫ ال ش غ م‬N *
‫ا ا ا ? ود‬ .5 :‫ب‬#4 ‫و ا‬ ‫ ا‬.3
−∞ ‫ أو إ‬+∞ ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ ‫* دا " ود‬
A‫ ( در‬W‫ھ * " ھ ا‬
lim 3 x 2 + 5 x − 4 : ‫ ل‬L
x →+∞

lim 3 x + 5 x − 4 = lim 3x 2 = +∞
2 :‫اب‬# ‫ا‬ : ‫تا‬ ‫ ا‬,<‫ أ‬: 4 ‫أ‬
x →+∞ x →+∞
1‫و‬ 1 1 ‫و‬
‫ا ا ا @ر‬ .6 lim
x →0
lim + lim
1
+
x x→−∞ x + 7 x2 x→0 3x + 7 x
1
+

−∞ ‫ أو إ‬+∞ ‫ إ‬x ‫ول‬ ‫ر‬GA ‫* دا‬

. A‫ ( در‬W‫ا‬ " * ‫ رج‬Q ‫ھ‬ 1
lim = +∞ ‫ و‬lim+
1
= :
1 (1: #$‫أ‬
x→0+ → 3x + 7 7
:‫ل‬ x x 0
2 x6 − x 2 + 1
lim
= +∞ : 7 ‫و‬
x →+∞ x4 + x − 4 1 1
lim +
x→0+ 3x + 7
= lim 4 = lim 2 x 6 − 4 = lim 2 x 2 = +∞ :‫اب‬H& ‫ا‬
2 x6 − x2 + 1 2 x6 x
lim
x →+∞ x + x − 4
4 x →+∞ x x →+∞ x →+∞
+ 2 = 0 : 7 ‫ و‬lim 2 = 0 ‫ و‬lim
1 1 1 1
lim = 0 (2
lim 1 + 5 x − 9 x 2 (1: $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫أ"! ا‬:8 ! " x →−∞ x + 7 x x →−∞ x x →−∞ x+7
x →+∞

:‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 3‫ص‬

 3 (10 −8 4 −3 lim
5x5 + 3x2 + x (3 lim ( −5 x 3 − 4 x + 12 ) (2
lim− lim 5 (9 lim 3 (8 lim+ (7 x →+∞ −10 x 5 − x − 1 x →−∞
x →0 x 4
x →0 x +
x →0 x x →0 x −

20 x − 7 x + x
3 2
(5 −3x 6 + 2 x 2 + 1 (4
1 3 lim lim
lim − 5x + 1 − (12 lim+ (11 x →−∞ 10 x 4 − 3 x − 6 x →−∞ x3 + 3 x − 1
x →0+ x x →0 x 3x2 + 1 2 x 5 + 4 x 2 + 1 (6
lim (7 lim
: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:3 ! " ( x − 1) x →+∞ x8 − x + 3
x →+∞ 2

1 −7 2 lim 1 + 5 x − 9 x 2 = lim − 9 x 2 = −∞ (1 : #$‫أ‬

lim 2 (3 lim (2 lim (1 x →+∞ x →+∞
x →+∞ x x →−∞ x x →+∞ x
lim − 5 x 3 − 4 x + 12 = lim − 5 x 3 = +∞ (2
12 −4 5 x →−∞ x →−∞
lim 2 (6 lim 5 (5 lim (4 5 x5 + 3 x 2 + x 5 x5 5 1
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →−∞ x lim = lim =− =− (3
x →+∞ − 10 x − x − 1
5 x →+∞ − 10 x 5 10 2
−9 6 −3 −3x 6 + 2 x 2 + 1 −3 x 6
lim (9 lim (8 lim (7 lim = lim 3 = lim − 3x = +∞ 3 (4
x →+∞ x 2 x →+∞ x x →+∞ x x →−∞ x3 + 3 x − 1 x →−∞ x x →−∞

−2 −3 20 x − 7 x + x
3 2 3
8 20 x 20 2 (5
lim = lim = lim = lim = 0 −
lim 2 (12 lim 5 (11 lim (10 x →−∞ 10 x 4 − 3 x − 6 x →−∞ 10 x 4 x →−∞ 10 x x →−∞ x
x →−∞ x x →+∞ x x →−∞ x
2 x5 + 4 x 2 + 1 2 x5 2
: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:4 ! " lim = lim 8 = lim 3 = 0+ (6
x →+∞ x − x+3
8 x →+∞ x x →+∞ x

lim 2x (3 lim − 5x (2 lim 3x 2 (1

4 2
3x 2 + 1 3x2 + 1 3x2
x →−∞ x →+∞ x →+∞ lim = lim = lim = 3 (7
( x − 1) x→+∞ x2 − 2 x + 1 x→+∞ x2
x→+∞ 2
3 2
lim − 3x 5 (6 lim 8x 5 (5 lim x (4 : $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:9 ! "
x →−∞ x →+∞ x →−∞ 2

5 3 lim − 6x − 7x + 2 (2 lim − 5x 2 + 3x + 4 (1
3

lim x (9 lim − 4x 4 (8 lim − 6x 4 (7 x →−∞ x →+∞

x →−∞ 3 x →−∞ x →+∞
−3x + x + 2
7 2
(4 2x 3 + x 2 + 2 (3
lim lim
2 x →−∞ x 3 + x −3 x →+∞ 4x 3 + 5x − 1
(12 lim 3x + − 3 (11 lim − 7x 9 (10
3
x →+∞ x x →+∞ ‫@ر‬$1 ‫ا وال ا‬ .7
−7 1 5 O‫ا‬ ‫&ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ دا‬f : -.
lim 2x 5 + + 1 (13 lim 7 x 3 + + 2
x →−∞ x x →−∞ x f ( x ) ≥ 0 ∀x ∈ [ a; +∞[ Y$ED [ a; +∞[
: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:5 ! " ‫ن‬ l ≥ 0 ‫ و‬lim f ( x ) = l ‫• إذا ن‬
lim f ( x) = l
lim − 6x 3 − 7x + 2 (2 lim − 5x 2 + 3x + 4 (1 x →+∞ x →+∞
x →−∞ x →+∞
lim f ( x ) = +∞ ‫ن‬ l≥0 ‫ و‬lim f ( x ) = +∞ ‫• إذا ن‬
lim x − x + 9 (4
3
lim − 6x 5 + 7x + 9 (3 x →+∞ x →+∞

x →+∞ x →+∞
lim x + 7 (2 lim 3 x 2 + 4 (1 : 4 ‫أ‬
x→+∞
x −x
3 2
2x + x + 2 3 2 x →2

lim
x →+∞ x 4 + x − 1
(6 lim
x →+∞ 4x 3 + 5x − 1
(5 lim 3x + 4 = 3 × 2 + 4 = 16 = 4 (1 :
2 2 #$‫أ‬
x→ 2

10x 7 + x −3x 7 + x 2 + 2 lim 3x 2 + 22 (1 : $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:10 ! "

lim (8 lim (7 x →3
x →−∞ 5x − 1 x →−∞ x 3 + x −3
lim − x 2 + 2 x − 7 × x + 1 (2
2x 3 − x + 2 3x 8 − x x →1
lim 4 ( 10 lim (9
x →−∞ x + 2 x + 6 x →−∞ 9 x 4 − 1 A?B4 ‫" ر‬
: $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:6 ! " lim 3 + x − 3x (1 : $ ‫ت ا‬ 2
‫ أ"! ا‬:1 ! "
x →−1
x −4
2
x −1
2
x 2 −16
lim (3 lim (2 lim (1 5x − 1
x →2 x − 2 x →1 x −1 x →4 x − 4 lim 3x 2 + 4 (3 lim (2
x →2 x →1 3 x 2 − x
x 2 − 100 x 2 −9
lim (5 lim (4 3x + 3x + 6
2
x →10 x − 10 x →3 x − 3 lim (5 lim − x 2 + 2 x − 7 × x + 7 (4
x →2 5x − 1 x→2
x 2 −3 x 2 −2
lim (7 lim (6 3 3 5x − 1
x→ 3 x − 3 x→ 2 x − 2 (8 lim x + 4 (7 lim (6
x →2 2 x → 1 2x 2 − x
x 2 −x x +1 x −1
lim (10 lim 2 (9 lim 2 (8 1
x →0 x x →−1 x − 2x − 3 x →1 x −4x +3 lim 2
x → 2 x + 2x − 1
3x + 1 3x + 1 : $ ‫تا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:2 ! "
lim− ‫ و‬lim+ (1 : $ ‫ت ا‬ ‫ أ"! ا‬:7 ! "
x→2 2 x − 4 x →2 2 x − 4
−12 9 −5 2
−3x + 1 x−4 x−4 lim− 4 (4 lim+ 5 (3 lim− 3 (2 lim+ (1
lim (4 ‫( و‬3 lim− ‫ و‬lim+ (2 x→0 x x →0 x x →0 x x →0 x
x →1+ 2 x − 2 x →3 −2 x + 6 x →3 −2 x + 6
1 −1
lim 3 x + 7 + (6 lim+ (5
x → 0+ x x → 0 x
:‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ 4‫ص‬