6.

Changes Around Us
Mind Map

Reversible and Physical and Chemical Common causes of

irreversible changes changes physical changes

Contraction and apourisation and

Expansion Condensation

Points to Remember –

 Change :- A noticeable difference in the properties of a substance.

 Chemical change :- A change that produces entirely new substances with different chemical
properties.

 Condensation :- the process of changing of a substance from vapour to liquid on cooling.

 Corrosion :- Deterioration of a material due to interaction with its environment.

 Evaporation :- The process in which a liquid changes to vapour by absorbing heat.

 Irreversible change :- A change in which the original substance can not be recovered.

 Physical change :- A change in which the physical properties of a substance changes.

 Reversible Change :- A change in which the original substance can be recovered.

Coursebook

Track Your Progress

1. a. I b. R

c. I

d. R

e. R

f. I g. R

h. I

i. R

j. I

2. a. Physical b. Chemical c. Physical d. Chemical

e. Chemical

f. Physical g. Physical

h. Physical i. Chemical

j. Chemical

Assessment Zone
A. 1. a

2. b

3. c

4. b

5. b

6. b

B. 1. Physical

2. Condensation

3. Chemical

4. Reversible

5. Chemical

C. 1. Not formed, Reversible

2. Not formed, Irreversible

3. Not formed, Reversible

4. Formed, Irreversible

5. Not formed, Reversible

6. Formed, Irreversible

7. Formed, Irreversible

8. Not formed, Irreversible

9. Not formed, Irreversible

10. Not formed, Irreversible

D. 1. False
2. False

3. False

4. False

5. False

E. Across

3. Physical change

4. Heat

5. Products

6. Condensation

Down

1. Chemical change

2. Corrosion

F. 1. No, burning of toast in a toaster is an irreversible physical change.

2. Yes, blow drying is a reversible change.

3. Cooking of food is an examples of irreversible changes because cooking of food

causes change in the internal structures of a substances.

4. Breaking of glass

5. This is called corrosion and corrosion is a chemical change

6. Melting of ghee is a reversible charve

7. a. Reversible change - changes that can be reversed to set the original

substance are called reversible changes. vaporisation and condensation are
examples of reversible

b. Physical change - It involves a change in the physical properties such as colour,

odour, size. position, temperature, vexture or state of substance. There is no
change in the internal structure of the given sdubstance.

c. Irreversible change - changes that cannot be reversed to get back the original
substance are called irreversible changes. Growth of living things, cooking of food
etc. are examples of irreversible changes.

d. Chemical Change – A change that is usually permanent in nature and leads to

the formation of new substances with composition and properties different from
those of the original substances is called a chemical change.

G. 1. Temporary changes can be reversed, but permanent changes that can

not be reversed. Changes that can be reversed to get the original substance
are called reversible changes. Melting and freezing are reversible changes.
Similarly vapourisation and condensation are also examples of reversible
changes. There are some changes that cannot be reversed. Such changes
that cannot be reversed to get back the original substance are called
irreversible changes. Growth of living things cooking of food, digestion of
food, burning or coal or paper, ripening of fruits and crops, and curdling of
milk are examples of irreversible changes. In irreversible changes, there
might be a change in the internal structure of a substance.

2. Formation of puddle of water from ice cube is due to melting of the ice.
Disappearance of water in presence of water in presence of Sun is known as
vapourisation. Both, melting and vapourisation are reversible processes. Melting
can be reversed by freezing the water. Whereas, vapourisation can be reversed by
condensation.

3. Change in which only the physical properties of a substance change, but there
is no change in its chemical composition is called a physical change. Evaporation,
boiling, melting and freezing are physical processes. In each process, there is a
change of state due to change in temperature but there is no change in the
chemical composition. By changing the temperature, all of these changes can be
reversed. Below are the following characteristics of the physical changes.

* It involves a change in the physical properties such as colour, odour, size,

position, temperature, texture or state of a substance.

* There is no change in the internal structure of the given substance.

* No new substance is formed.

* They are usually temporary and can be reverted,

4. Getting a new haircut is a physical change as this neither involves any change in

internal structure of hair nor any new substance is formed,

5. Explosion of fireworks is a chemical change. When the fireworks explode, the

chemical elements emit light, and the colorant produces very specific colors that
can be seen by the naked eye. The colors we see all depend on the different
chemicals we use. To produce the colorful patterns and shapes we see, fireworks
utilize a precise chemical mixture that's going to burn at the right temperature, at
the right time, and with the right colors. That requires four main chemical
ingredients -- an oxidizer, a fuel, a colorant, and a binder.

6. Squeezing oranges for juice is a physical change because there is no change in

the internal structure of juice and no new substance is formed. Chemical
composition of orange and juice remain same.

7. The dough prepared for making idli rises when kept overnight because of the

production of carbon dioxide gas in it. This gas is produced as a byproduct of

process of fermentation (anaerobic respiration/respiration in absence of oxygen)
in batter of black lentils or rice which is used to make idli. The fermentation
process breaks down starches in batter into acid along with release of carbon
dioxide.

8. During winter, the water pipes contract while the water inside the pipe
expands due to low temperature (freezing). The freezing and expansion of water
exerts pressure on the pipes from inside. When the pressure gets too high for the
pipe to contain, it ruptures.

9. a.
Reversible Change Irreversible change

A substance can return to its original A substance can not return to its
state. original state.

The chemical properties of the The chemical properties of the

substance do not change. substance change

Most physical changes are reversible All chemical changes are irreversible
changes. changes.

b.

Physical Change Chemical Change

Physical change refers to a change in Chemical change is a process in which

which the molecules are rearranged but the substance transforms into a new
their internal composition remains substance, having different chemical
same. composition.

Tearing of paper, melting/freezing of Burning of wood/trees/paper, rusting of

water, cutting of trees, etc. iron, setting of curd etc.

Reversible in nature. Irreversible in nature.

It involves change in physical properties It involves change in chemical

of substance i.e. shape, size, color, etc. properties and composition of the
substance.

Original matter can be recovered Original matter can not be recovered.

No new product is formed. New product is formed.

c.
Evaporation Condensation

It is the surface phenomenon, in which It is the process in which vapours of a

a liquid changes into its vapour substance on cooling changes to the
continuously. Evaporation increases on liquid.
heating.

d.

Expansion Contraction

The increase in size of an object on The decrease in size of an object on

heating is called expansion. cooling is called contraction.

Thermal expansion happens when Thermal contraction happens when the

molecules start to move faster and the molecules start to slower and the size
size of the objects increases or expands. of the objects decrease or contracts.

10. a- Irreversible

b. Reversible.

11. If two railway tracks are laid together without any gap between them they will
push against each other when they expand in the day time because of the heat of
the sun, and when they cool down in the night they will contract and return to
their original state pulling against each other. This constant pushing and pulling
against one another when they heat and expand in the day time and cool down
and contract in the night will result in the weakening of the joints between the
two tracks and after a few days the two tracks may also break free from one
another. Such a situation will result in the derailment of the trains causing major
accidents.
12. The fat in the heated milk form a layer on the top of the milk that does not let
water vapour through. The water below boils and vaporizes to form steam, but is
trapped by the layer of the fat above. It pushes the layer up, causing milk to rise.
The vapour keeps pushing the surface layer up, until the edge reaches the top of
the pan. The higher pressure vapour escapes, the seal collapses and the milk boils
over.