Algaecides

Examples are copper sulphate, iron salts, rosin amine salts and benzalkonium chloride. Algaecides

are effective against algae, but are not very usable for algal blooms for environmental reasons.

Antifoams

Anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in
industrial process liquids.  polydimethylsiloxane.

Boiler water chemicals

Boiler water chemicals include all chemicals that are used for the following applications:
· Oxygen scavenging;
· Scale inhibition;
· Corrosion inhibition;
· Antifoaming;
· Alkalinity control.

Coagulants

aluminum or iron salts and organic polymers.

Disinfectants

Disinfectants kill present unwanted microrganisms in water. There are various different types of
disinfectants:
· Chlorine (dose 2-10 mg/L)
· Chlorine dioxide
· Ozone
· Hypochlorite

Flocculants

To promote the formation of flocs in water that contains suspended solids polymer flocculants
(polyelectrolytes) are applied to promote bonds formation between particles.

There are cationic polymers, based on nitrogen, anionic polymers, based on carboxylate ions and
polyampholytes,

Neutralizing agents (alkalinity control)

sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), calcium carbonate, or lime suspension (Ca(OH)2) to increase pH

levels. We use diluted sulphuric acid (H2SO4) or diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) to decline pH levels.
The dose of neutralizing agents depends upon the pH of the water in a reaction basin. Neutralization
reactions cause a rise in temperature.

Oxidants

Chemical oxidation processes use (chemical) oxidants to reduce COD/BOD levels, and to remove
both organic and oxidisable inorganic components.
A wide variety of oxidation chemicals are available. Examples are:
· Hydrogen peroxide;
· Ozone;
· Combined ozone & peroxide;
· Oxygen

Resin cleaners

Ion exchange resins need to be regenerated after application, after that, they can be reused.

Chemicals that are used are for instance sodium chloride, potassium chloride, citric acid and
chlorine dioxide.