KING ANGEL NICE A.

SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

A. PUBLIC MARKET
WHAT IS PUBLIC MARKET ?
PUBLIC MARKETS HAVE BEEN PART OF COMMUNITIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES SINCE THE OLDEN TIMES OF SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD.
DURING THEIR COLONIALISM, SPANIARDS INSTITUTE A STANDARD PLAN OF
A PLAZA COMPLEX SURROUNDED WITH ESSENTIAL BUILDINGS AND
INSTITUTIONS. THE MARKET WAS ONE OF THESE IMPORTANT BUILDINGS,
ALONG WITH CHURCHES, CONVENTS, SCHOOLS, AND TOWN HALL. TO BUY
NECESSARY COMMODITIES IN A CHEAPER COST, THE MARKET IS THE ONLY
PLACE WHERE PEOPLE CAN GO AT THAT TIME. THE GOODS BEING SOLD ARE
USUALLY FRESH BECAUSE THESE CAME DIRECTLY FROM PRODUCERS AND
SUPPLIERS WHO PRODUCE AND CULTIVATE THEIR OWN PRODUCTS.

THROUGH THE YEARS UP TO THE PRESENT. PUBLIC MARKETS ARE

STILL ON THE LINE AND CONTINUING TO OPERATE. ALMOST EVERY
CITY/MUNICIPALITY HAS THIS KIND OF FACILITY OWNED AND MANAGED BY
THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT. THE BASIC CONCEPT OF MARKET EVOLVED
AND IS SUPPLEMENTED WITH OTHER NECESSARY FACILITIES FOR MORE
PRODUCTIVE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION. IT HAD ALSO BROKEN DOWN INTO
DIFFERENT TYPES, DEPENDING ON SIZE OF CONSUMERS AND RANGE OF
AVAILABLE COMMODITIES. SOME OF THE EXISTING MARKETS PROVIDE A
BAGSAKAN CENTER TO SELL AND SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY
FOOD PRODUCTS IN A WHOLESALE BASIS. THIS IS A CONCEALED PLACE
WHERE VENDORS GET THEIR SUPPLY AND SELL IT IN THEIR STALLS IN A
MARKED UP PRICE. A TRANSPORT TERMINAL COULD ALSO BE PROVIDED IN
SOME MARKETS FOR BETTER ACCESSIBILITY AND CONVENIENCE OF
COMMUTING BUYERS. WITH THE PRESENT SITUATION, IT CAN BE STATED
THAT THE PUBLIC MARKET IS ALREADY AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE FILIPINO
CULTURE AND IT IMPOSES A SENSE OF NEIGHBORHOOD BY BRINGING PEOPLE
TOGETHER.

PUBLIC MARKETS GIVE LOCAL RESIDENTS ACCESS TO FRESH, LOCALLY

GROWN FOOD, AND OFTEN AFFORDABLE ORGANIC FOOD, INCREASING THE
HEALTH OF THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY. PUBLIC MARKETS ALSO BECOME THE
CENTER OF A NEIGHBORHOOD, INSTILLING PRIDE IN THE COMMUNITY. A
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

SUCCESSFUL MARKET ENCOURAGES VISITORS AND ENHANCES TOURISM, AS

WELL AS GIVING LOCAL RESIDENTS A PLACE TO MEET.

IT’S IMPORTANT LOCAL RESIDENTS ARE A BIG PART OF THE

PATRONAGE. DESTINATIONS THAT ARE PURELY DESIGNED FOR AND
FREQUENTED BY TOURISTS LACK AUTHENTICITY AND WILL LOSE THEIR
APPEAL OVER TIME. VISITORS WANT TO SEE AND EXPERIENCE HOW LOCALS
LIVE.

A MARKET CAN ALSO CREATE A PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY AREA THAT

LINKS OTHER AREA ATTRACTIONS AND NEIGHBORHOODS.

PUBLIC MARKETS HAVE THE ABILITY TO AID IN REVITALIZING A

DOWNTOWN AS A RETAIL SHOPPING DESTINATION FOR RESIDENTS AND
VISITORS, BRINGING MUCH NEEDED CASH AND FOOT TRAFFIC TO A CITY
CENTER.

THE GROWTH OF MARKETS HAS BEEN SO RAPID IN THE PAST DECADE

THAT SOME SKEPTICS CLAIM THAT THE WAVE HAS ALREADY CRESTED BUT
DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, MEANWHILE, POINT TOWARD THE CONTINUED
GROWTH OF PUBLIC MARKETS GLOBALLY.

B. TRANSPORT TERMINAL

WHAT IS TRANSPORT TERMINAL?

TRANSPORT TERMINAL IS ANY LOCATION WHERE FREIGHT AND

PASSENGERS EITHER ORIGINATES, TERMINATES, OR IS HANDLED IN THE
TRANSPORTATION PROCESS. TERMINALS ARE CENTRAL AND INTERMEDIATE
LOCATIONS IN THE MOVEMENTS OF PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT. THEY OFTEN
REQUIRE SPECIFIC FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT TO ACCOMMODATE THE
TRAFFIC THEY HANDLE.

TERMINALS MAY BE POINTS OF INTERCHANGE WITHIN THE SAME

MODAL SYSTEM, WHICH ENSURES CONTINUITY OF THE FLOWS. THIS IS
PARTICULARLY THE CASE FOR AIR AND PORT OPERATIONS WITH HUBS
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

CONNECTING PARTS OF THE NETWORK. TERMINALS, HOWEVER, ARE ALSO

CRITICAL POINTS OF TRANSFER BETWEEN MODES.

• A MINIMUM OF 45 TO 50 PERCENT OF A TERMINAL’S TOTAL USEABLE

SPACE IS TAKEN UP BY THE TRAFFIC FUNCTION, WHICH INCLUDES ALL
THE SPACES AND MACHINERY REQUIRED TO HANDLE PASSENGERS
AND THEIR BAGGAGE.
• THE COMMERCIAL FUNCTION, WHICH INCLUDES ALL THE STORES,
EATERIES, AND AIRLINE SALES LOCATIONS, TAKES UP AT LEAST 5 TO
10% OF THE TERMINAL’S USEFUL SPACE. THIS PERCENTAGE TENDS TO
RISE IN HEAVILY TRAFFICKED TERMINALS, WHERE THE INCOME FROM
COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY MORE THAN MAKES UP FOR THE COST OF THE
ADDED SURFACE SPACE.
• APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 15 PERCENT OF THE SPACE IS SET ASIDE FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE OFFICES OF THE
ORGANIZATIONS REQUIRED FOR THE OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT
OF THE TERMINAL, SUCH AS MANAGEMENT, GOVERNMENT SERVICES
(CUSTOMS, AIR, AND BORDER POLICE), TO WHICH ARE OCCASIONALLY
ADDED THE CIVIL AVIATION SERVICE OF AERIAL TRANSPORT POLICE,
WEATHER, HEALTH SERVICE, ETC.
• OVER 10% OF THE TERMINAL’S SURFACE AREA IS TAKEN UP BY THE
OPERATIONAL FUNCTION, WHICH INCLUDES SOME WORKING OFFICES
(THE CONTROL TOWER), OFFICES FOR AIRLINE FLIGHT PREPARATION,
AND OFFICES FOR TRANSIT ASSISTANCE.
• LAST BUT NOT LEAST, 5 TO 10% OF THE SPACE IS UTILIZED BY
TECHNICAL SERVICES FOR BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
(TECHNICAL FUNCTION).

C. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURES FOR PUBLIC MARKET

STANDARDS FOR PHILIPPINE PUBLIC MARKETS

IN THE IRR OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 648, IT DISCUSSES LOCATIONAL OR

SITING CLEARANCE, DESIGN STANDARDS, UTILITY AND FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS OF PUBLIC MARKETS. IT ALSO SAYS THAT CONSTRUCTION
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

OF STALLS AND SELLING ALONG THE SIDEWALK AND OUTSIDE THE MARKET
IS PROHIBITED. ICE PRODUCTS SHOULD COME FROM ICE PLANTS WITH
SANITARY PERMIT OR BE MADE FROM POTABLE WATER SUPPLY. THIS IS IN
CONTRAST OF HOW MOST OF THE ICE BLOCKS ARE DELIVERED TO THE
MARKET. THE CURRENT SCENARIO IS ICE BLOCKS ARE THROWN FROM THE
DELIVERY TRUCK TO THE MARKET FLOOR. IT IS THE SAME PROCESS WITH
THE FISH WHEN DELIVERED EVERY MORNING. THIS GIVES THE MARKETS
NEGATIVE IMPRESSIONS WITH SANITATION. THE LGU LACKS IN ACTION ON
SOLVING THESE PROBLEMS WITH REGARDS TO HEALTH. THEY SHOULD
ENVISION THAT THE PUBLIC MARKET PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO THE
LOCALS AND IT SHOULD BE SANITIZED AND WELL MAINTAINED.

ACCORDING TO MORALES (2009), PUBLIC MARKETS WERE ONCE

ESSENTIAL PARTS OF THE CITYSCAPE AND THEY ARE BECOMING SO AGAIN.
MARKETS SERVE SEVERAL PURPOSES, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC,
AND SO PLANNERS INTERESTED IN MULTIPURPOSE TOOLS FOR
DEVELOPMENT WILL BE INTERESTED IN PUBLIC MARKETS. MARKETS CAN
HELP ACHIEVE A VARIETY OF GOALS INCLUDING PLACE-MAKING,
EMPLOYMENT, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.

ACCORDING TO ZADE, JOSHUA CHARLES (2009), PUBLIC MARKETS

WERE ONCE CENTRAL COMPONENTS OF THE URBAN FOOD SYSTEM IN
AMERICAN CITIES, BUT DECLINED IN NUMBER AND IMPORTANCE BY THE
MIDDLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. DESPITE A DIMINISHED ROLE IN FEEDING
THE CITY, PUBLIC MARKETS HAVE PERSISTED, AND INTEREST ABOUNDS IN
BOTH EXISTING MARKETS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ONES. IN
ADDITION TO CREATING AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL FOOD SYSTEM, PUBLIC MARKETS CAN GENERATE A RANGE OF
COMMUNITY BENEFITS INCLUDING SMALL BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES,
PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF LOCAL FOODS AND FOODWAYS, AND A
FORUM FOR PUBLIC INTERACTION. DESPITE THESE BENEFITS, DEVELOPING
NEW, PERMANENT, INDOOR MARKETS IS A UNIQUE CHALLENGE.

ACCORDING TO ZAKARIYA AND KAMARUDIN (2016), A PUBLIC MARKET

MUST BE ESTABLISHED AS PART OF CITY PLANNING TO SUPPORT THE
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

GROWTH OF THE LOCAL ECONOMY. THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE IS

CONTINUALLY EVOLVING IN THE MARKET. THE RENOVATION PROCESS,
HOWEVER, MAY AFFECT THE MARKET'S DISTINGUISHING TRAITS.

D. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT TERMINAL

ACCESSIBILITY IS IMPORTANT IN DAILY LIFE ESPECIALLY WHEN

DEALING WITH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT. REALIZING THAT
MOST PUBLIC TRANSPORT TERMINALS STILL LACK IN TERMS OF GOOD
DESIGN AND FACILITIES THUS A SERIOUS CONCERN FOR THE MATTERS IS
NEEDED TO ENSURE THE CONVENIENT FOR ALL. IT HAS BEEN WIDELY
ACCEPTED THAT DISABLED PEOPLE, HAVE FEWER OPPORTUNITIES AND
LOWER QUALITY OF LIFE THAN NON-DISABLED. ADDED WITH POOR
ACCESSIBILITY, THE DISABLED PEOPLE FACE MORE CHALLENGES AND
DIFFICULTIES WHILE TRAVELLING AND USING THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
THEREFORE, IT BECOMES INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO IGNORE THE
DISABLED ISSUES WHILE USING THE FACILITIES OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT
(SOLTANI, SHAM, ET. AL., 2012)

MANY RESEARCHES AND FOREIGN CASE STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT

IMPROVEMENTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES CAN GO A LONG
WAY TO INCREASE TRANSIT RIDERSHIP. THESE IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE IN
THE OVERALL PLANNING AND DESIGN OF THE FACILITIES, OR IN THE
PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL TRANSIT AMENITIES TO EXISTING ONES.
HOWEVER, THE RANGE OF TRANSIT AMENITIES IS BROAD AND DIVERSE,
SUCH THAT IT WOULD BE TOO COSTLY AND IMPRACTICAL TO INCLUDE ALL
OF THEM IN ANY TERMINAL. ADDITIONALLY, EACH PARTICULAR SITE
WOULD HAVE THEIR SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS WHICH WOULD REQUIRE
SOME SPECIFIC TYPE OF AMENITIES. (CONSTANTINE K. O. H., 1999),

DESPITE THE EXTENSIVE TRANSIT NETWORK IN METRO MANILA,

INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
ARE STILL FRAGMENTED. IN RESPONSE, AUTHORITIES PROPOSED VARIOUS
MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT TERMINALS AROUND THE PERIPHERY OF THE
METROPOLIS. HOWEVER, THERE IS A NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

PROPOSED TERMINALS WILL IMPACT EXISTING TRANSPORTATION

INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES AS WELL AS THE CURRENT TRAVEL
DEMAND. (ROQUEL, ABAD, AND FILLONE, 2021)

E. TOTAL STALLS EXISTING IN BACOLOR PUBLIC MARKET

BACOLOR PUBLIC MARKET IS A MARKETPLACE IN PAMPANGA

LOCATED ON MCKINLEY AND IS SITUATED NEARBY TO THE MEMORIAL JUAN
CRISOSTOMO SOTO (CRISSOT) HISTORICAL MARKER AND THE BUS STATION
BACOLOR JEEPNEY TERMINAL.

F. TOTAL ROUTES AND VEHICLE IN EXISTING TRANSPORT TERMINAL

NEAR DHVSU
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

G. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES USE FOR

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

ACCORDING TO SMART CITIES (2021), ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS) ARE

GAINING MOMENTUM DUE TO SEVERAL FACTORS, INCLUDING THE PRICE
REDUCTION AS WELL AS THE CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS.

PLUG-IN EVS ARE BEING HERALDED AS A STEP TOWARDS ACCEPTANCE

OF PURE EV’S. HOWEVER CONCERNS REMAIN REGARDING UPTAKE BY
CONSUMERS, IN TERMS OF RANGE ANXIETY AND ECONOMIC OPERATION.
THESE CONCERNS ARE MITIGATED IF ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO THE
VEHICLE WHILE IT IS MOVING, BUT THERE ARE IMPLICATIONS IN TERMS OF
THE HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED WITHOUT RESTRICTING A
VEHICLE’S FREEDOM TO MOVE WHILE PROVIDING POWER OVER AIR-GAPS IN
EXCESS OF 200MM. (COVIC, ET.AL., 2010)

ACCORDING TO N. SHAUKAT, ET.AL (2018), THE ELECTRIFICATION OF

HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE REDUCES THE RELIANCE OF TRANSPORTATION
ON FOSSIL FUELS AND REDUCES GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. THE
ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF THE HYBRID ELECTRIC
VEHICLES ARE GREATLY RESHAPING THE MODERN TRANSPORTATION
SECTOR. THE TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION (TE) BRINGS VARIOUS
CHALLENGES TO THE SMART GRID (SG), SUCH AS POWER QUALITY,
RELIABILITY, AND CONTROL.

REFERENCES:

HTTPS://THOMSONADSETT.COM/THE-TRANSFORMATIVE-BENEFITS-AND-
ENDURING-POPULARITY-OF-PUBLIC-MARKETS
 KING ANGEL NICE A. SANGUYO, BSAR-2F

HTTPS://WWW.COURSEHERO.COM/FILE/42388212/A-PROPOSED-PUBLIC-
MARKET-AND-TERMINAL-DEPDF/

HTTPS://TRANSPORTGEOGRAPHY.ORG/CONTENTS/CHAPTER6/FUNCTION-OF-
TRANSPORT-TERMINALS/TRANSPORT-TERMINAL-FUNCTION/

HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2012.02.066

HTTPS://WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET/PUBLICATION/
350829027_PROXIMITY_INDEXING_OF_PUBLIC_TRANSPORT_TERMINALS_IN_M
ETRO_MANILA

HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.3390/SMARTCITIES4010022

HTTPS://PDFCOFFEE.COM/QDOWNLOAD/THESIS-PROPOSED-NEW-PUBLIC-MARKET-
WITH-TRANSPORT-TERMINAL-AND-BAGSAKAN-CENTER-IN-TRECE-MARTIRES-
CAVITE-PDF-FREE.HTML