单词 中文 同义词 备注 文章出处

advent n. 出现 Appearance,
arrival,
emergence
measure v. 测量 calculate
phase n. 阶段 Stage, period,
age, time
crucial Adj. 非 常 重 要 Critical,
的 important,
fundamental,
accompany v.陪伴，伴随 Keep company
municipal Adj. 公民的 Civil, civic
approximate Adj. 大约的 About ， near,
close to
occur v. 发生 Happen, exist
indicate v. 表明 Show, suggest,
demonstrate,
reveal
counterpart someone or
something that
has the same
job or purpose
as someone or
something else
in a different
place(相对的人
或物)
freezing Adj. 寒冷的
Adjust to 适应 Adapt, fit, get
accustomed to
Suit to v. 适合 Be appropriate
for, be adapted
to
aspect n. 方面
motive n. 动机； Incentive,
v. 激发 encouragement;
Encourage,
trigger, push
constant Adj.持久的 Permanent,
steady, last-
lasting, stable
permit v.允许 Allow, enable
devise v.发明，创造 Design, produce,
 make, project

obey v.遵守 Abide by, comply T1P2

with, be
obedient to
category n.种类 Kind, sort,
classification,
variety
regulate v. 管控，调控
oversee v. 监督 Monitor
procedure n. 程序，过程 process
congested Adj.交通拥堵的 blocked,
crowded
metropolitan v.大都市
margin n.差别 Distinct,
difference
Consist of 由… 构成 Make up, A consist of b
constitute and c= b and
make up a=b
and c constitute
a
element n. 元素 factor
realm n.领域 Field, domain
respectively Adv.分别地 separately

controversy n.分歧，争论 Dispute, T1P3

disagreement
collapse n.&v. 失 败， 倒 Fail, fall, defeat,
塌 lose
proof n. 证据 Evidence
random Adj.任意的，随
意的
reveal v. 显示 Show, indicate,
demonstrate
flaw n. 缺点 Drawback,
disadvantage,
shortcoming,
defeat,
weakness
switch v.&n. 转换 Change, shift
detect v. 调查 Investigate,
survey, research,
explore
Put forward 提出 Come up with,
bring forward
alter v. 改变 Change,
T2P1
manufacture v. 生产 produce
eliminate v. 消除 Avoid, exclude,
remove
consequently Adv.结果，最后 At last, thus,
accordingly,
hence, therefore
convince v. 说服 persuade
determine v. 决定 decide T2P2
unprecedented Adj. 空 前 的 ， Unparallel,
史无前例的
trigger v. 引发，促进 Cause, motive,
encourage
Soar v. 高涨 Upsurge,
proliferate
Proliferate v. 激 增 ， 大 量 soar
增加
Prolong v. 延长
T2P3
impair v. 损坏 damage
participant n. 参与者
apparent Adj.明显的
distinguish v. 区分 Tell apart,
differentiate
accurate Adj. 准确的 Exact, precise
T3P1
Stumbling block n. 绊 脚 石 ， 障 Difficulty,
碍 obstacle,
handicap,
barrier
forthcoming Adj. 即 将 到 来 Potential,
的 upcoming
T3P2
visible Adj.能看到的
inherit v. 遗传 Carry on
Life span n. 寿命 Longevity, life T3P3
expectancy
constitute v. 组成， 构成 Make up
permanent Adj.持久的，永 Constant, long-
恒的 lasting
disturb v. 打扰，妨碍 interfere
valid Adj. 有 效 的 ，
正当的

expenditure n. 花费，开销 Cost T4P1

relevant Adj. 相关的 related
compulsory Adj. 必修的
emphasis n. 重点 Importance,
stress

Counter-productive Adj. 产 生 相 反 T4P2

效果的
Apart from 除…之外 Except
resist v. 抵抗，拒绝 Refuse, reject ，
withstand
withstand v. 反抗，抵抗 Resist, refuse,
strive against
adverse Adj.相反的 Against,
opposite,
contrary
boost v. 促进 Promote,
enhance

estimate v. 估计 Evaluate, assess T4P3

criterion n.标准 standard