IV.

QATAR’S ENERGY SECTOR AND OPPORTUNITIES

1. QATAR'S HYDROCARBON SECTOR

Qatar's oil reserves are relatively low (25.2 billion barrels at the end of 2020, or 1.5% of world
reserves), Qatari gas reserves are extremely important: 24,700 billion m3 or 13% of world reserves,
in 3rd position behind Russia and Iran. These reserves are mainly located on the offshore North Field
field, the largest natural gas reservoir in the world, shared with Iran. Qatar is the 5th largest producer
of natural gas (4.5% of production in 2020), behind the United States, Russia, Iran and China. Qatar's
gas production, which experienced extremely strong growth from 2000 to 2013 (16.5% average
annual growth), has stabilized since 2014 at around 170 billion m3 per year (-0.7% in 2020) but is
expected to increase sharply from 2025. In 2020, oil production, ranked 14th in the world, was 75.9
Mt (-2.6%), or 1.8M b/d (including 565,000 b/d of crude oil, the rest being condensate, a by-product
of gas exploitation). Qatar is not affected by the cuts decided by OPEC+, of which it has not been part
since 2018.

Qatar's recipe for economic success lies in the development of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector.
Qatar was the world's No. 1 exporter from 2006 to 2020 (position ceded to Australia). Qatari LNG
exports (77.1 Mt in 2020 - 22% of world exports), are now mainly focused on Asia (68% of the total) ,
most often in long-term contracts. Qatar also exports natural gas to the United Arab Emirates and
Oman via a pipeline, Dolphin Energy.

2.OPPORTUNITIES OF LNG ON QATAR ECONOMY

With the war between Russia and Ukraine, Europe try to stop using Russian gas and to diversify the
source of import. Qatar, the largest producer of liquefied natural gas (LNG)Can use this opportunity
to reaffirm its position and play important role in energy consumption in Europe. It can be imported
even without pipelines, simply by using tankers to transport it to import terminals, where it is
processed ready for use.
https://www.iemed.org/wp-content/uploads/
2022/07/17_Guerra_Ucrania_relaciones_Europa_Golfo_Cinzia-Bianco_afkar66.pdf

https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/7e192625-62a1-471a-8a1e-b518b8c81bf2/files/
2e510118-5cdf-42ff-a7a9-e6e099d14488

Qatar's oil reserves are relatively low (25.2 billion barrels at the end of 2020, or 1.5% of world
reserves)

Qatari gas reserves are extremely important: 24,700 billion m3 or 13% of world reserves, in 3rd
position behind Russia and Iran

Qatar was the world's No. 1 exporter from 2006 to 2020

Qatar also exports natural gas to the United Arab Emirates and Oman via a pipeline, Dolphin Energy.

Graphs

Slide 2

With the war between Russia and Ukraine, Europe try to stop importing Russian gas and to diversify
the source of import. Qatar, the largest producer of liquefied natural gas (LNG)Can use this
opportunity to reaffirm its position and play important role in energy consumption in Europe. It can
be imported even without pipelines, simply by using tankers to transport it to import terminals,
where it is processed ready for use.

In Nov 29, 2022 German Economy Minister Robert Habeck said on Tuesday he was happy with the
length of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply deal struck with Qatar, as Berlin pursues new energy
partnerships after a plunge in gas from Russia.

QatarEnergy and ConocoPhillips on Tuesday signed two sales and purchase agreements to export 2
million tonnes LNG annually to Germany for at least 15 years from 2026.

Graphs