TEKNIK DASAR

ELEKTRIKAL
Part - 2

Created By,
PT. Manorian Elektrisindo Perkasa
Jl. Karet Jaya Raya II No.8 (Raya Mauk KM.7)
Desa Mekar Jaya – Kec. Sepatan, Kab. Tangerang – Banten
Telp. 021-59373079/80/81 – Fax. 021-59372532
Email. manorianep@gmail.com

Speaker By,

Alex Wintery
 A. Electric Power Triangle Formula
S = VxA Rumus Dasar :
(Apparent Power) Q
(Volt Ampere) (Reactive Power)
(VAR/Volt Ampere Sin ø = Q
ø
Reactive)
S
P Cos ø = P
(Active Power) S
(Watt)
Tan ø = Sin ø = Q/S = Q x S = Q
Cos ø P/S S P P
1ø System (Single Phase) :
S = IxV (Volt.Ampere)
P = I x V x Cos ø (Watt) SEHINGGA :
Q = I x V x Sin ø (VAR) Q = S x Sin ø
P = S x Cos ø
Contoh Soal :
Diketahui bahwa Daya Listrik adalah
2.200W, 220V, maka berapa Ampere yang Diketahui : S = VxA = VxI
harus dipasang? …
Maka : Q = V x I x Sin ø
Jawab: 2.200W = I x 2.200V x 1
I = 2.200W = 10 A
P = V x I x Cos ø
220Vx1
 A. Electric Power Triangle Formula
Formula to Calculate current :
3ø System Power Formula : y

S = I x V x √3 = VA
Q = S x Sinø = I x V x √3 x Sinø = VAR
P = S x Cosø = I x V x √3 x Cosø = Watt

30º
x
PRINSIP DASAR :
Sin 30º = 1
ARUS 2
60º
Cosø → 1 S=2
Q=1 Cos 30º = √3
Cosø → 0 2
30º
ø
P = √3 Tan 30º = 1
√3

I= S = P = Q _
√3xV √3xVxCosø √3xVxSinø
 B. Euler’s Identity
Imaginary

C = √a² + b²
b = C Sin ø

ø
Real
a = C Cos ø
Rumus :

eʲᶲ = Cos ø + J Sin ø

a = C Cos ø (Real Parts)
b = C Sin ø (Imaginary Parts)
C = √a² + b²
A = C x eʲᶲ = C ∟ᶲ
 C. Star Connected Power Source

ILine

IPhase VR
VPhase = VLine
Neutral / √3

VS
VT V
L
i
n
e

ILine = IPhase
VLine = √3 x VPhase
 D. Delta Connected Power Source

ILine

IPhase

VLine = VPhase
VR VT

VS

ILine = √3 x IPhase
VLine = VPhase
 E. Short Circuit Calculation at
Transformer or Generator Side

Z% Impedance for Transformer Value Between 4 – 7 %

Z% Impedance for Generator Value Between 15 – 25 %

Isc = Inominal x 100

%Ztransformer

Z% = Inpedance dari Transformer

Contoh Soal :
1. Inominal = 1000 kVA = 1500 A
√3 x 380V
Maka,
1.000 kVA,
3ø, 380V
%Z = 5
Isc = 1500 A x 100
5
Ishort circuit
= 30.000 Ampere
= 30 kA
 E. Short Circuit Calculation at
Transformer or Generator Side

Contoh Soal :
Diketahui :
1.000kVA, 3ø, 380V, %Z = 5
Ditanya :
a.IccA ?...
b.IccB ?...

Jawab :
Inominal = 1000 kVA = 1500 A Maka,
√3 x 380V IccA = Icc x (n-1)
Maka, = 30 kA x (3-1)
Icc = 1500 A x 100 = 60 kA
5
= 30.000 Ampere IccB = Icc x n
= 30 kA = 30 kA x 3
= 90 kA
 E. Short Circuit Calculation at
Transformer or Generator Side

Contoh Soal :
Diketahui :
1.000kVA, 3ø, 380V, %Z = 5
Ditanya :
a.IccA ?...
b.IccB ?...

Jawab :
Inominal = 1000 kVA = 1500 A Maka,
√3 x 380V IccA = Icc x (n-1)
Maka, = 30 kA x (3-1)
Icc = 1500 A x 100 = 60 kA
5
= 30.000 Ampere IccB = Icc x n
= 30 kA = 30 kA x 3
= 90 kA
 F. Voltage Droop & Cable Size
DC : VDrop = (2 x L x I)
(Ɵ x q)
AC 1ø : VDrop = (2 x L x I x Cos ø)
(Ɵ x q)
AC 3ø : VDrop = (√3 x L x I x Cos ø)
(Ɵ x q)

L = Length in meter (m)

I = Current in Ampere (A)
Cos ø = Power factor
Ɵ = Conductivity in Siemens/meter,
Copper = 56S/m & Alumunium = 35 S/m
q = Cable diameter in mm²

Safety Factor for Circuit Breaker to protesct Generator/Transformer

= 1.3 x IRSC
 F. Voltage Droop & Cable Size
DC : VDrop = (2 x L x I)
(Ɵ x q)
AC 1ø : VDrop = (2 x L x I x Cos ø)
(Ɵ x q)
AC 3ø : VDrop = (√3 x L x I x Cos ø)
(Ɵ x q)
Contoh Soal :
1. Diketahui :

Ditanya :

Jawab
 G. Electrical Component
Time Domain Frequency Domain

Resistor RΩ ZR = R Ω

ZC = 1 .
Capacitor CF

į (C x Jω) Ω

Inductor LΩ ZL = L x Jω Ω

Impedance (Z) is the value of resistance of passive component R, C, L

in frequency domain or in AC circuit.
H. Capacitor Bank

ICapacitor Current = Q .
(√3 x V) Amp

MCCB & Contactor to be used for

Cap. Bank design = 1.3 ~ 1.4 x ICC

C/K Setting = ICapacitor Current

CTRatio
I. Direct On Line Starter (Full Voltage Starting)

Convertion Factor For Electric Motor

Rating : 1 HP = 0,75 kW

IMotor Full Load Current = P .

(√3 x V x Cos ø) Amp

MCCB Rating = IMotor Full Load Current x 1.3

Magnetic Contactor Rating =

IMotor Full Load Current with AC-3 specification

Thermal Overload Relay Rating =

IMotor Full Load Current
J. Star Delta Starter (Reduced Voltage Starting)
 J. Star Delta Starter (Reduced Voltage Starting)

ILine
IPhase Z

VPhase =
Neutral VLine / √3

Z
V
Z L
i
n
e

ILine = IPhase ILine Star = IPhase Star = VPhase = VLine .

VLine = √3 x VPhase Z (√3 x Z)
 J. Star Delta Starter (Reduced Voltage Starting)

ILine

IPhase

VLine = VPhase
Z Z

Z
ILine = √3 x IPhase
VLine = VPhase

IPhase Delta = VPhase Delta = VLine . = ILine Star , therefore ILine Delta = √3 x VLine
Z Z √3 Z

The ratio of ILine Star = VLine/(√3 xZ) = 1
ILine Delta (√3 x VLine)/Z 3
This mean that electric motor drawn
only one-third of starting current in
star connection compare to full
voltage delta starting.
 J. Star Delta Starter (Reduced Voltage Starting)

Base on the above mention data, we come into conclusion that,

IMotor Full Load Current = P .

(√3 x V x Cos ø) Amp

MCCB Rating = IMotor Full Load Current x 1.3

Magnetic Contactor Rating for Star = IMotor Full Load Current / 3 with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for Main = IMotor Full Load Current / √3 with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for Delta = IMotor Full Load Current / √3 with AC-3 specification

Thermal Overload Relay Rating = IMotor Full Load Current / √3

K. Auto Transformer Starter
 K. Auto Transformer Starter

IMotor Full Load Current = P .

(√3 x V x Cos ø) Amp

MCCB Rating = IMotor Full Load Current x 1.3

Magnetic Contactor Rating for Main = IMotor Full Load Current with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for Bypass = IMotor Full Load Current with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for 50% = IMotor Full Load Current x 0.5 with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for 65% = IMotor Full Load Current x 0.65 with AC-3 specification

Magnetic Contactor Rating for 85% = IMotor Full Load Current x 0.85 with AC-3 specification

Thermal Overload Relay Rating = IMotor Full Load Current

L. Rotor Resistant Starter
 APA YANG TELAH KITA PELAJARI?...

Mengerti Euler’s Identity dan Rumus yang digunakan

Mengerti Rumus, serta perbedaan antara Star Connected Power Source dengan Delta
Connected Power Source

Mengerti Rumus Voltage Droop dan bagaimana cara mengkalkulasikan ukuran kabel
yang digunakan

Mengerti Komponen Elektrikal (Gambar, Simbol, Time Domain, serta Frequency Domain)

Mengerti Capacitor Bank (Gambar dan bagaimana mencari Ampere)

Mengerti Direct On Line Starter dan Star Delta Starter

Mengerti Auto Transformer Starter

Mengerti Rotor Resistant Starter (Gambar, dan bagaimana aplikasinya)

God Bless You All ^^