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Gnrci @spiùnhi
PG@-MQN 9<<<:
Bugmn ?<9=
F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij
Qitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
Jmr`atrma`s piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg
Isnamiamñg @spiùnhi
j` Gnrcihmziamñg
Fígnvi, 5 - ?;<<: Cijrmj
=90 ?=: =<<
mgenLug`.nrf
www.ug`.nrf
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:
F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij
Qitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
Jmr`atrma`s piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg
c`surif`.
PG@ ?<9=
\rnkmomji hi r`prnjuaamñg smg `h angs`gtmcm`gtn j` PG@.
Znjns hns j`r`akns j` prnpm`jij mgt`h`atuih j` hi pr`s`gt` gnrci sng tmtuhirmjij j` PG@.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
Ãgjma`
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\rñhnfn ...................................................................................................................................................
6
6.9 Np`riamñg ........................................................
.........................................................................................................................
F`g`rihmjij`s ..................................................................
........................................................... ........................................................ 95
.................................................................................................................. 9
95
5
6.? Mj`gtmemaiamñg j` his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` ....................................................... 96
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
\rñhnfn
@g hi \irt` 9 j` his Jmr`atmvis MQN/M@A s` j`sarmo`g hns prna`jmcm`gtns utmhmzijns piri j`sirrnhhir `st`
jnauc`gtn y iqu`hhns pr`vmstns piri su cigt`gmcm`gtn
cigt`gmcm`gtn pnst`rmnr. @g pirtmauhir j`o`rãi tncirs` gnti
j` hns jme`r`gt`s armt`rmns j` iprnoiamñg g`a`sirmns piri hns jmstmgtns tmpns j` jnauc`gtns MQN. @st`
jnauc`gtn ki smjn r`jiatijn j` iau`rjn ang his r`fhis `jmtnrmih`s j` hi \irt` ? j` his Jmr`atmvis
(víis` www.msn.nrf/jmr`atmv`s)
MQN/M@A (víis` www.msn.nrf/jmr`atmv`s).
Q` hhici hi it`gamñg snor` hi pnsmomhmjij j` qu` ihfugns j` hns `h`c`gtns j` `st` jnauc`gtn pu`jig
`stir sub`tns i j`r`akns j` pit`gt`. MQN gn isuc` hi r`spngsiomhmjij pnr hi mj`gtmemaiamñg j` ihfugn n
Auihqum`r gncor` anc`ramih utmhmzijn `g `st` jnauc`gtn `s mgenrciamñg qu` s` prnpnramngi piri
ancnjmjij j`h usuirmn y gn angstmtuy` ugi r`anc`gjiamñg.
\iri ugi `xphmaiamñg j` hi giturih`zi vnhugtirmi j` his gnrcis, `h smfgmemaijn j` hns tírcmgns
`sp`aãemans j` MQN y his `xpr`smng`s r`hiamngijis ang hi `vihuiamñg j` hi angenrcmjij, isã ancn hi
mgenrciamñg ia`rai j` hi ijk`smñg j` MQN i hns prmgampmns j` hi Nrfigmziamñg Cugjmih j`h Anc`ramn
víis` www.msn.nrf/msn/enr`wnrj.ktch.
(NCA) r`sp`atn i hns Nostéauhns Zíagmans ih Anc`ramn (NZA), víis` www.msn.nrf/msn/enr`wnrj.ktch.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn `hionrijn pnr `h Ancmtí Zíagman MQN/ZA 965, F`stmñg y is`furicm`gtn j` hi
aihmjij , Quoancmtí QA 1, Zíagmais j` ipnyn.
@sti s`fugji `jmamñg iguhi y sustmtuy` i hi prmc`ri `jmamñg (MQN 9<<<:2?<9?) qu` ki smjn r`vmsiji
tíagmaic`gt`.
Hns ciynr`s aicomns ancpirijns ang hi `jmamñg pr`vmi sng hns smfum`gt`s2
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn trijuamjn pnr `h Frupn j` Zrioibn Qpigmsk Zrigshitmng Zisd Enra` (QZZE)
(QZZE) j`h
Ancmtí Zíagman MQN/ZA 965, F`stmñg y is`furicm`gtn j` hi aihmjij , `g `h qu` pirtmampig r`pr`s`gtigt`s
j` hns nrfigmscns giamngih`s j` gnrcihmziamñg y r`pr`s`gtigt`s j`h s`atnr `cpr`sirmih j` hns smfum`gt`s
piãs`s2
Irf`gtmgi, Orismh, Onhmvmi, Akmh`, Anhncomi, Ansti _mai, Auoi, @auijnr, @h Qihvijnr, @spiùi, Cíxman,
\igicé, \`rò y Prufuiy.
@sti trijuaamñg `s pirt` j`h r`suhtijn j`h trioibn qu` `h Frupn MQN/ZA 965/QZZE vm`g` j`sirrnhhigjn
j`sj` su ar`iamñg `g `h iùn 9=== piri hnfrir hi ugmemaiamñg j` hi t`rcmgnhnfãi `g h`gfui `spiùnhi `g `h
écomtn j` hi f`stmñg j` hi aihmjij.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
< Mgtrnjuaamñg
<.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
Pgn j` hns `h`c`gtns ahiv` j`h íxmtn j` hi nrfigmziamñg `s hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang hi nrfigmziamñg
y sus prnjuatns y s`rvmamns. \nr hn tigtn, `s g`a`sirmn r`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi mgenrciamñg not`gmji j`h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pu`j` iyujir i
mj`gtmemair npnrtugmjij`s piri hi c`bnri j` his `strit`fmis, prnjuatns, s`rvmamns, prna`sns y airiat`-
rãstmais j` hi nrfigmziamñg qu` sng vihnrijis pnr hns ahm`gt`s y smrv`g i hns nob`tmvns j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
Zih`s c`bnris pu`j`g enrtih`a`r hi angemigzi j`h ahm`gt` y r`suhtir `g o`g`emamns anc`ramih`s y ntrns.
i) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, :.1, snor`
snor` `h ihaiga` j`h smst`ci j` f`stmñg j`
j` hi aihmjij
aihmjij
o) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, 0.9.?,
0.9.?, snor`
snor` `h `genqu`
`genqu` ih ahm`gt`
ahm`gt`
a) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, 5.?.9, snor` hns nob`tmvns j` aihmjij
j) MQN =<<92?<90
=<<92?<90,, ;.?.9 a), snor`
snor` hi ancugmaiamñg ang `h ahm`gt`
ahm`gt`
`) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, =
=.9.?,
.9.?, snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
e) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, =.9.1, snor` ih igéhmsms y hi `vihuiamñg
f) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, =.1.? a), snor` his `gtrijis j` hi r`vmsmñg j` hi jmr`aamñg
k) MQN =<<92?<90,
=<<92?<90, 9<.9 snor` hi c`bnri
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
GNZI Ipirt` j` angsucmjnr`s y r`ahicigt`s, ntris pirt`s mgt`r`sijis p`rtmg`gt`s pu`j`g mgahumr prnv``jnr`
prnv``jnr`s,
s, isnamia
isnamiamng`s
mng`s
mgjustrmih`s y sus cm`corns, nrfigmziamng`s j` angsucmjnr`s, if`gamis j` fnom`rgn p`rtmg`gt`s, p`rsngih, prnpm`tirmns y
ntrns qu` `stég ie`atijns pnr hns prna`sns j` s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<9 angtm`g` nrm`gtiamñg snor` hns añjmfns j` angjuati j` his nrfigmziamng`s
r`hitmvns i hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. @stns añjmfns j` angjuati pu`j`g jmscmgumr hi prnoiomhmjij j`
qu` surbig prnoh`cis y pu`j`g `hmcmgir his aiusis j` qu`bis y angehmatns qu` pu`j`g jmscmgumr hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<9 y `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g utmhmzirs` `g angbugtn. His jmr`atrma`s jijis `g `st`
jnauc`gtn pu`j`g ipnyir `h `stioh`amcm`gtn y hi mcph`c`gtiamñg j` añjmfns j` angjuati. \nr `b`cphn,
hns prna`sns j`sarmtns `g `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g iyujir i hi nrfigmziamñg `g `h s`fumcm`gtn y
c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang `stns añjmfns j` angjuati (víis` MQN 9<<<92?<9;, ;.1). J`h
cmscn cnjn, hns añjmfns j` angjuati pu`j`g iyujir i hi nrfigmziamñg i j`emgmr ` mcph`c`gtir prna`sns
j` s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. \nr `b`cphn, ugi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` `stioh`a`r
ug añjmfn j` angjuati ang r`sp`atn i hi angemj`gamihmjij j` hi mgenrciamñg j`h ahm`gt` `g `h s`fum-
cm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<? angtm`g` nrm`gtiamñg snor` `h triticm`gtn mgt`rgn j` his qu`bis r`hiamngijis ang
`h prnjuatn y `h s`rvmamn. @sti nrm`gtiamñg pu`j` iyujir i pr`s`rvir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` y su
emj`hmjij r`snhvm`gjn
r`snhvm`gjn qu`bis j` cig`ri `emaiz y `emam`gt`.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<? y `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g utmhmzirs` `g angbugtn. His jmr`atrma`s jijis `g `st`
jnauc`gtn pu`j`g ipnyir `h `stioh`amcm`gtn y hi mcph`c`gtiamñg j` prna`sns j` triticm`gtn j`
qu`bis. \nr `b`cphn, hns prna`sns j`sarmtns `g `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g iyujir i hi nrfigmziamñg `g `h
s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang `h prna`sn j` triticm`gtn j` qu`bis (víis`
MQN 9<<<?2?<9; ;.1). J`h cmscn cnjn, hi mgenrciamñg j` ug prna`sn j` triticm`gtn j` qu`bis pu`j`
s`r utmhmziji piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. \nr `b`cphn, hi er`au`gami
y `h tmpn j` qu`bi pu`j`g s`r ug mgjmaijnr mgjmr`atn j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (víis` 6.1.?).
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<1 angtm`g` nrm`gtiamñg snor` hi r`snhuamñg j` angehmatns r`hitmvns i his qu`bis
r`hiamngijis ang prnjuatns y s`rvmamns qu` gn pujm`rng r`snhv`rs` mgt`rgic`gt` j` cig`ri
sitmseiatnrmi. Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<1 pu`j` iyujir i cmgmcmzir hi mgsitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, nrmfmgiji pnr
qu`bis smg r`snhv`r.
Hi Gnrci MQN 9<<<1 y `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g usirs` `g angbugtn. His jmr`atrma`s jijis `g `st`
jnauc`gtn pu`j`g ipnyir `h `stioh`amcm`gtn y hi mcph`c`gtiamñg j` ug prna`sn j` r`snhuamñg j`
angehmatns. \nr `b`cphn, hns prna`sns j`sarmtns `g `st` jnauc`gtn pu`j`g iyujir i hi nrfigmziamñg `g `h
s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang `h prna`sn j` r`snhuamñg j` angehmatns (víis`
MQN 9<<<12?<9; ;.1). J`h cmscn cnjn, hi mgenrciamñg j`h prna`sn j` r`snhuamñg j` angehmatns pu`j`
usirs` piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. \nr `b`cphn, hi er`au`gami y
giturih`zi j` angehmatns pu`j`g s`r ug mgjmaijnr mgjmr`atn j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
ahm `gt` (víis` 6.1.?).
@g angbugtn his Gnrcis MQN 9<<<9, MQN 9<<<? ` MQN 9<<<1 prnpnramngig nrm`gtiamñg qu` pu`j`
iyujir i cmgmcmzir hi mgsitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` y iuc`gtir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. @st` jnauc`gtn
ancph`c`gti i his Gnrcis MQN 9<<<9, MQN 9<<<? ` MQN 9<<<1, prnpnramngigjn nrm`gtiamñg snor` `h
s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Hi mgenrciamñg not`gmji pu`j` hh`vir i qu` hi
nrfigmziamñg `cpr`gji iaamng`s qu` pu`j`g iyujir i cigt`g`r n iuc`gtir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn `sté pr`vmstn piri su usn pnr nrfigmziamng`s auihqum`ri s`i su tmpn n ticiùn, n hns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns qu` prnpnramngi. @st` jnauc`gtn s` a`gtri `g hns ahm`gt`s `xt`rgns i hi
nrfigmziamñg.
GNZI I hn hirfn j` `st` jnauc`gtn, hns tírcmgns "prnjuatn" y "s`rvmamn" s` r`em`r`g i his sihmjis j` ugi nrfigmziamñg qu`
`stég j`stmgijns n sng r`qu`rmjns pnr ug ahm`gt`.
1 Zírcmgns y j`emgmamng`s
\iri hns emg`s j` `st` jnauc`gtn, s` iphmaig hns tírcmgns y j`emgmamng`s mgahumjns `g hi Gnrci
MQN =<<< ij`cés j` hns smfum`gt`s.
MQN ` M@A cigtm`g`g ois`s j` jitns t`rcmgnhñfmais piri su utmhmziamñg `g gnrcihmziamñg `g his smfum`gt`s
jmr`aamng`s2
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
‑ \hitienrci j` oòsqu`ji
oòsqu`ji `g
`g hãg`i j` MQN2 jmspngmoh` `g kttp2//www.msn.nrf/nop
`g kttp2//www.msn.nrf/nop
‑ @h`atrnp`jmi
@h`atrnp`jmi j` M@A2 jmspngmoh` `g
`g kttp2//www.`h`atrnp`jmi.nrf/
kttp2//www.`h`atrnp`jmi.nrf/
1.9 ahm`gt`2
\`rsngi u nrfigmziamñg
nrfigmziamñg (1.6)
(1.6) qu` pnjrãi r`amomr n qu` r`amo` ug prnjuatn n ug s`rvmamn j`stmgijn i `si
p`rsngi u nrfigmziamñg n r`qu`rmjn pnr `hhi.
@B@C\HN Angsucmjnr, ahm`gt`, usuirmn emgih, cmgnrmsti, r`a`ptnr j` ug prnjuatn n s`rvmamn j` ug prna`sn
mgt`rgn, o`g`emamirmn y ancprijnr.
Gnti 9 i hi `gtriji2 \u`j` qu` hhii `xp`atitmvi j`h ahm`gt` gn s`i angnamji pnr hi nrfigmziamñg
nrfigmziamñg (1.6), n mgahusn pnr `h prnpmn
ahm`gt`, kisti qu` `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn s` `gtr`fu`. \iri ihaigzir ugi ihti sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pu`j`
s`r g`a`sirmn aucphmr ugi `xp`atitmvi j` ug ahm`gt` mgahusn sm gn `sté j`ahiriji, gm `sté f`g`rihc`gt`
mcphãamti, gm `s nohmfitnrmi.
Gnti 1 i hi `gtriji2 Mgahusn auigjn hns r`qumsmtns j`h ahm`gt` s` kig ianrjijn ang `h ahm`gt` y ístns s` kig au
aucphmjn,
cphmjn, `stn gn
is`furi g`a`sirmic`gt` ugi `h`viji sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
1.1 qu`bi2
8sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`7 `xpr`smñg j` mgsitmseiaamñg k`aki i ugi nrfigmziamñg
nrfigmziamñg (1.6), r`hitmvi i su
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn, n ih prnpmn prna`sn j` triticm`gtn j` qu`bis, jngj` `xphãamti n mcphãamtic`gt` s`
`sp`ri ugi r`spu`sti n r`snhuamñg.
Gnti 9 i hi
hi `gtriji2 His qu`bis pu`j`g kia`rs` `g r`hiamñg ang ntrns prna`sns `g hns qu` hi nrfigmziamñg mgt`riatòi
mgt`riatòi ang `h
ahm`gt` (1.9).
ahm`gt` (1.9).
TEP@GZ@2 MQN =<<<2?<90, 1.=.1, cnjmemaiji ‑ s` kig ifr`fijn his Gntis 9 y ?S
1.0 r`trnihmc`gtiamñg2
8sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`7 npmgmng`s, anc`gtirmns y `xpr`smng`s j` mgt`rís pnr ug prnjuatn, ug s`rvmamn
n ug prna`sn j` triticm`gtn
triticm`gtn j` qu`bis.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 99 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
1.5 pirt`
\`rsngi mgt`r`siji2 (1.6) qu` pu`ji ie`atir, v`rs` ie`atiji n p`ramomrs` ancn ie`atiji pnr ugi
u nrfigmziamñg
nrfigmziamñg
j`amsmñg n iatmvmjij.
@B@C\HN Ahm`gt`s (1.9), prnpm`tirmns, p`rsngis j` ugi nrfigmziamñg, prnv``jnr`s, oigai, h`fmshijnr`s, smgjm-
aitns, snamns n snam`jij `g f`g`rih qu` pu`j` mgahumr ancp`tmjnr`s n frupns j` pr`smñg ang mgt`r`s`s
npu`stns.
1.6 nrfigmziamñg2
\`rsngi n frupn j` p`rsngis qu` tm`g` sus prnpmis eugamng`s ang r`spngsiomhmjij`s, iutnrmjij`s y
r`hiamng`s piri hnfrir sus nob`tmvns.
Gnti 9 i hi `gtriji2 @h anga`ptn j` nrfigmziamñg mgahuy`, `gtr` ntrns ug trioibijnr mgj`p`gjm`gt`, ancpiùãi, anrpnriamñg,
emrci, `cpr`si, iutnrmjij, snam`jij, isnamiamñg, nrfigmziamñg o`gíemai n mgstmtuamñg, n ugi pirt` n
ancomgiamñg j` ístis, yi `stíg angstmtumjis n gn, pòohmais n prmvijis.
\iri hnfrir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi prmc`rn `gt`gj`r his `xp`atitmvis j`h
ahm`gt`. @stis `xp`atitmvis pu`j`g s`r `xphãamtis n mcphãamtis, n gn `stir ph`gic`gt` irtmauhijis.
His `xp`atitmvis j` hns ahm`gt`s, tih ancn his `gtm`gj` hi nrfigmziamñg, angstmtuy`g hi ois` prmgampih j`
hi phigmemaiamñg y `gtr`fi j` hns prnjuatns y s`rvmamns i r`ihmzir.
@h gmv`h j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` `sté j`t`rcmgijn pnr `h frijn `g `h qu` `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn
`gtr`fijn y ntrns isp`atns j` hi nrfigmziamñg sng p`ramomjns pnr `h ahm`gt` piri sitmseia`r n `xa`j`r
sus `xp`atitmvis.
`xp`atitmvis.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 9? -
@s mcpnrtigt` jmstmgfumr `gtr` hi vmsmñg j` hi nrfigmziamñg ang r`sp`atn i hi aihmjij j`h prnjuatn n
s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn y hi p`ra`pamñg j`h ahm`gt` snor` `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn y ntrns isp`atns
nrfigmziamngih`s, pnrqu` `s ísti òhtmci hi qu` j`t`rcmgi hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Hi r`hiamñg `gtr` hns
pugtns j` vmsti j` hi nrfigmziamñg y `h ahm`gt` snor` hi aihmjij `s j`sarmti ang cés j`tihh` pnr `h
cnj`hn anga`ptuih j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, pr`s`gtiji `g `h ig`xn O.
Jijn qu` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` `sté sub`ti i aicomns, his nrfigmziamng`s j`o`rãig `stioh`a`r
prna`sns
prna`sns piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang r`fuhirmjij.
:.1.? Aipiamjij
Q` j`o`rãi jmspng`r j` suemam`gt`s r`aursns piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h
ahm`gt`,
ahm`gt`, y j`o`rãig f`stmngirs` j` cig`ri `emaiz y `emam`gt`.
:.1.1 Zrigspir`gami
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi is`furirs` j` qu` hi mgenrciamñg ij`auiji snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` s`
ancugmai i hns ahm`gt`s, p`rsngih y ntris pirt`s mgt`r`sijis p`rtmg`gt`s, s`fòg s`i iprnpmijn.
:.1.: Iaa`smomhmjij
Hi mgenrciamñg snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`o`rãi s`r eéamhc`gt` iaa`smoh` y utmhmzioh`.
:.1.0 _`a`ptmvmjij
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi ionrjir his g`a`smjij`s y `xp`atitmvis j` hns ahm`gt`s `g su usn j` hi mgenrci-
amñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
:.1.; C`bnri
@h iuc`gtn j` hi `e`atmvmjij y hi `emam`gami j` hns prna`sns piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`o`rãi s`r ug nob`tmvn p`rcig`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 91 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
:.1.= Angemj`gamihmjij
Hi mgenrciamñg j` airéat`r p`rsngih j`o`rãi cigt`g`rs` angemj`gamih y prnt`f`rs`, i c`gns qu` hi
jmvuhfiamñg s` r`qum`ri pnr h`y, n hi jmvuhfiamñg s`i angs`gtmji pnr hi p`rsngi ie`atiji.
GNZI Hi mgenrciamñg j` airéat`r p`rsngih `s mgenrciamñg qu` auigjn s` isnami ang ug mgjmvmjun pu`j` utmhmzirs` piri mj`gtm-
emairhn, y `s r`aup`rioh` pnr `h gncor`, jmr`aamñg n jmr`aamñg `h`atrñgmai, gòc`rn j` t`híengn j`h mgjmvmjun n mj`gtmemai-
jnr `sp`aãeman smcmhir. @h smfgmemaijn pr`amsn j`h tírcmgn jmem`r` j` ug hufir i ntrn.
:.1.99 Ancp`t`gami
@h p`rsngih j` hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi t`g`r itrmoutns p`rsngih`s, kiomhmjij`s,
kiomhmjij`s, enrciamñg, `juaiamñg y
`xp`rm`gami g`a`sirmis piri r`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
:.1.9? \ugtuihmjij
Hi r`anpmhiamñg y jmeusmñg j` mgenrciamñg j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`o`rãi kia`rs` `g `h cnc`gtn
iprnpmijn, j` iau`rjn ang hns nob`tmvns j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
:.1.91 Ancpr`gsmñg
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi `gt`gj`r j` enrci ahiri y ancph`ti his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`, y su p`ra`p-
amñg j` añcn s` kig sitmse`akn iqu`hhis `xp`atitmvis.
:.1.9: Angtmgumjij
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi is`furirs` j` qu` `h s`fumcm`gtn j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` `s smst`cétman y
angtmgun.
‑ mgahuy`gjn
mj`gtmemaigjn
sus`hhãcmt`s
ihaiga`
ihaiga`y iphmaiomhmjij,
j` hns prna`sns
prna`sns j` s`fumcm`gtn
s`fumcm`gtn
y t`gm`gjn y c`jmamñg
`g au`gti c`jm amñg j` hi`xt`rgis
his au`stmng`s sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`,
` mgt`rgis y his
g`a`smjij`s j` his pirt`s mgt`r`sijis s`ùihijis igt`rmnrc`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 9: -
0.? @stioh`amcm`gtn
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi `stioh`a`r ug `genqu` smst`cétman piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. @st` `genqu` j`o`rãi `stir r`spihjijn pnr hi ihti jmr`aamñg, `h hmj`rizfn y `h
ancprncmsn `g tnji hi nrfigmziamñg y ug ciran nrfigmzitmvn qu` p`rcmti hi phigmemaiamñg, jms`ùn,
j`sirrnhhn, np`riamñg, cigt`gmcm`gtn y c`bnri j` hns prna`sns j` s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@h cigt`gmcm`gtn y c`bnri mgahuy` hi r`vmsmñg, `vihuiamñg y c`bnri angtmgui j` hns prna`sns j` s`fum-
cm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (víis` aipãtuhn ;).
‑ s`fumcm`gtn y `vihuiamñg
`vihuiamñg j` prna`sns
prna`sns y eiatnr`s
eiatnr`s mgt`rgns y `xt`rgns
`xt`rgns j` rm`sfns
rm`sfns y npnrtugmjij`s4
npnrtugmjij`s4
‑ mj`gtmemaiamñg y `vihuiamñg
`vihuiamñg j` rm`sfns
rm`sfns y npnrtugmjij`s
npnrtugmjij`s `sp`aãemans4
`sp`aãemans4
‑ phigmemaiamñg, jms`ùn,
jms`ùn, j`sirrnhhn,
j`sirrnhhn, mcph`c`gtiamñg
mcph`c`gtiamñg y r`vmsmñg j` iaamng`s anrr`atmvis
anrr`atmvis y c`bnris
c`bnris r`hi-
amngijis ang hns rm`sfns y npnrtugmjij`s mj`gtmemaijns y `vihuijns.
Ancn s` j`emg` `g hi Gnrci MQN =<<<2?<90, 1.6.=, `h rm`sfn `s `h `e`atn j` hi mga`rtmjucor`, qu` pu`j`
s`r g`fitmvn n pnsmtmvn. @g `h angt`xtn j`h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, ug
`b`cphn j` ug `e`atn g`fitmvn `s ugi mgsuemam`gt` tisi j` r`spu`sti j` hi `gau`sti r`suhtigt` j`h au`stmn-
girmn mgvismvn y ug `b`cphn j` ug `e`atn pnsmtmvn `s qu` hi nrfigmziamñg r`angsmj`ri hns r`aursns
isnamijns ang `h s`fumcm`gtn j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ancn r`suhtijn j` ugi r`vmsmñg j`h prna`sn
r`hiamngijn. @stns rm`sfns pu`j`g s`r ionrjijns r`vmsigjn hi ismfgiamñg y j`sphm`fu` j` r`aursns qu`
angjua`g i hi c`bnri j` hns cítnjns j` c`jmamñg y s`fumcm`gtn j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Pgi npnrtugmjij `sté r`hiamngiji ang hi mj`gtmemaiamñg j` ugi gu`vi enrci pnsmoh` j` not`g`r r`suh-
tijns pnsmtmvns, qu` gn surf`g g`a`sirmic`gt` j` hns rm`sfns `xmst`gt`s j` hi nrfigmziamñg. \nr `b`cphn,
hi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` mj`gtmemair ug gu`vn prnjuatn, s`rvmamn n prna`sn ancn r`suhtijn j` ugi suf`-
r`gami j`h ahm`gt` prnpnramngiji `g `h aursn j` hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
‑ `vihuir hi r`spu`sti
r`spu`sti j`h ahm`gt` i prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns `xmst`gt`s,
`xmst`gt`s, gu`vns
gu`vns n r`-jms`ùijns4
r`-jms`ùijns4
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 90 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ not`g`r mgenrciamñg
mgenrciamñg snor` isp`atns `sp`aãemans,
`sp`aãemans, tih`s ancn prna`sns j`
j` ipnyn, ancpnrticm`gtn
ancpnrticm`gtn j`h
p`rsngih n j` hi nrfigmziamñg4
‑ mgv`stmfir his
his rizng`s j` hi pírjmji j`
j` ahm`gt`s n aunti
aunti j` c`raijn4
c`raijn4
@h prnpñsmtn y hns nob`tmvns mgehuy`g `g quí, auégjn, añcn y j` qumíg s` r`anf`g hns jitns. Zicomíg
mgehuy`g `g añcn s` igihmzig hns jitns y añcn s` utmhmzi `g òhtmci mgstigami hi mgenrciamñg.
Hns nob`tmvns j` s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`o`rãig s`r j`emgmjns j` tih
cig`ri qu` su aucphmcm`gtn pu`ji s`r c`jmjn, usigjn hns mgjmaijnr`s j` j`s`cp`ùn `sp`amemaijns
pnr hi nrfigmziamñg.
@h tmpn j` mgenrciamñg r`anpmhiji pu`j` ioirair j`sj` jitns r`hitmvns i ugi airiat`rãstmai `sp`aãemai,
kisti hi `vihuiamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg f`g`rih. Ismcmscn, `h ihaiga` j` hi `vihuiamñg j`p`gj` j`h tmpn
j` s`fc`gtiamñg, ancn pnr `b`cphn2
‑ pnr ahm`gt`4
‑ pnr r`fmñg4
‑ pnr c`raijn4
‑ pnr prnjuatn4
‑ pnr s`rvmamn.
Hi nrfigmziamñg ticomíg j`o`rãi j`t`rcmgir hi er`au`gami j` r`anpmhiamñg j` jitns, qu` pu`j` s`r snor`
ugi ois` r`fuhir, naismngih n icois, s`fòg his g`a`smjij`s j`h g`fnamn n piri `v`gtns `sp`aãemans
(víis` 6.1).
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 95 -
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi phigmemair `h s`fumcm`gtn j` hns prna`sns piri not`g`r y utmhmzir hi mgenrci-
amñg r`hitmvi i hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, isã ancn hns r`suhtijns y hi `emaiami j` `stns prna`sns.
6 Np`riamñg
6.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
\iri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi2
‑ igihmzir hns
hns jitns
jitns snor`
snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`4
@stis iatmvmjij`s y sus r`hiamng`s s` r`pr`s`gtig `g hi emfuri 9, y s` j`sarmo`g `g hns ipirtijns 6.? i 6.5.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 96 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ hns r`qumsmtns
r`qumsmtns `stioh`amjns pnr `h ahm`gt`4
ahm`gt`4
‑ hns r`qumsmtns mcphãamtns j`h ahm`gt`4
‑ hi mj`gtmemaiamñg
mj`gtmemaiamñg j` tnjns
tnjns hns r`qumsmtns h`fih`s y r`fhic`gtirmns
r`fhic`gtirmns iphmaioh`s4
GNZI 9 Hns añjmfns j` angjuati piri hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (víis` MQN 9<<<9) ticomíg pu`j`g angsmj`rirs` `g hi j`t`r-
cmgiamñg j` his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`.
@s mcpnrtigt` r`angna`r qu` ug ahm`gt` gn sm`cpr` pu`j` `sp`amemair `xphãamtic`gt` tnjns hns isp`atns
j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn. @h`c`gtns qu` s` pr`supng`g pnjrãig gn `sp`amemairs`. Ihfugns isp`atns
pnjrãig pisirs` pnr ihtn n `h ahm`gt` pnjrãi j`sangna`rhns.
Ancn s` j`sarmo` `g `h cnj`hn anga`ptuih (víis` `h ig`xn O) `s aruamih qu` his `xp`atitmvi
`xp`atitmviss j`h ahm`gt`
`stíg ahiris y s` `gtm`gjig ancph`tic`gt`. @h frijn `g qu` `stis `xp`atitmvis s` aucph`g mgehumré `g
hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. @g `h aipãtuhn A.1 s` prnpnramngig `b`cphns j` jmv`rsns isp`atns i angsm-
j`rir piri `gt`gj`r c`bnr his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi r`hiamñg `gtr` his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` y hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` s` triti ang ciynr prneug-
jmjij `g `h aipãtuhn A.:.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 9; -
@B@C\HN @h j`s`cp`ùn
j`s`cp`ùn (aihmjij, emiomhmjij), airiat`rãstmai4 `stítmai4 s`fu
s`furmjij4
rmjij4 snpnrt` (cigt`gmcm`gtn,
`hmcmgiamñg, enrciamñg), pr`amn, vihnr p`ramomjn, firigtãi4 mcpiatn icom`gtih.
o) airiat`rãstmais j` hi `gtr`fi4
@B@C\HN Hi `gtr`fi i tm`cpn4 `gtr`fi ancph`ti j`h p`jmjn4 tm`cpn j` r`spu`sti, mgenrciamñg j` np`riamñg.
a) airiat`rãstmais j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi b`rirqumzir his airiat`rãstmais s`h`aamngijis piri r`eh`bir su mcpnrtigami r`hi-
tmvi, s`fòg hi p`ramo` `h ahm`gt`. @g aisn g`a`sirmn s` j`o`rãi r`ihmzir ugi `gau`sti ang ug suoangbugtn
j` ahm`gt`s piri j`t`rcmgir n v`rmemair su p`ra`pamñg j` hi mcpnrtigami r`hitmvi j` his airiat`rãstmais.
‑ er`au`gami n t`gj`gami
t`gj`gami `g his qu`bis y angehmatns
angehmatns j` hns ahm`gt`s
ahm`gt`s (víis` MQN 9<<<?2?<9;,
9<<<?2?<9;, aipãtuhn ;, `
MQN 9<<<1), hhicijis snhmamtigjn iyuji, n e`hmamtiamng`s j`h ahm`gt`4
‑ er`au`gami n t`gj`gami
t`gj`gami `g his j`vnhu
j`vnhuamng`s
amng`s j`h prnjuatn,
prnjuatn, r`piriamng`s
r`piriamng`s j`h prnjuat
prnjuatn
n u ntrns mgjmai-
jnr`s j`h j`s`cp`ùn j`h prnjuatn n j` hi ia`ptiamñg pnr pirt` j`h ahm`gt`, pnr `b`cphn, mgenrc`s
j` mgstihiamñg n j` mgsp`aamñg `g aicpn4
‑ er`au`gami n t`gj`gami
t`gj`gami `g his gn angenrcmjij`s
angenrcmjij`s j` s`rvmamn u ntrns mgjmaijnr`s
mgjmaijnr`s j`h j`s`cp`ùn
j`s`cp`ùn j`h
s`rvmamn, pnr `b`cphn, `gtr`fi j` s`rvmamn i tm`cpn n r`trisiji4
‑ jitns not`gmjns
not`gmjns i trivís j` hi ancugmaiamñg
ancugmaiamñg ang hns ahm`gt`s pnr
pnr `b`cphn c`jmigt` c
cird`tmgf,
ird`tmgf,
v`gtis n p`rsngih j` s`rvmamn ih ahm`gt`4
‑ mgenrc`s j` `gau`stis
`gau`stis i prnv``jnr`s
prnv``jnr`s r`ihmzijis
r`ihmzijis pnr nrfigmziamng`s
nrfigmziamng`s j` ahm`gt`s,
ahm`gt`s, qu` pu`j`g r`v`hi
r`v`hirr
añcn s` p`ramo` hi nrfigmziamñg `g r`hiamñg ang ntris nrfigmziamng`s4
‑ mgenrc`s j` frupns
frupns j` angsucmjn
angsucmjnr`s
r`s qu` pnjrãig r`v
r`v`hir
`hir añcn hi nrfigmziamñg y sus prnjuatns
prnjuatns y
s`rvmamns sng p`ramomjns pnr hns angsucmjnr`s y usuirmns4
‑ `stujmns s`atnrmih`s/mgjustr
s`atnrmih`s/mgjustrmih`s,
mih`s, `b`cphn qu` mgahuyi ugi `vihuiamñg ancpiritmvi
ancpiritmvi j` his airiat`-
rãstmais j` hns prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi nrfigmziamñg4
‑ mgenrc`s n puohmaiamng`s
puohmaiamng`s j` nrfigmscns
nrfigmscns r`fuhijnr`s4
r`fuhijnr`s4
‑ anc`gtirmns y jmsausmng`s
jmsausmng`s `g hns c`jmns
c`jmns j` ancugmaiamñg snamih.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 9= - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Zih`s jitns pu`j`g p`rcmtmr ancpr`gj`r c`bnr his enrtih`zis y j`omhmjij`s j`h prnjuatn, s`rvmamn y hns
prna`sns r`hiamngijns j` hi nrfigmziamñg (pnr `b`cphn, snpnrt` ih prnjuatn, `h s`rvmamn ih ahm`gt`, `h
triticm`gtn j` his qu`bis y hi ancugmaiamñg ang `h ahm`gt`). @h igéhmsms j` `stns jitns pu`j` iyujir i
jir enrci i hns mgjmaijnr`s j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Zicomíg pu`j` iyujir i angemrcir n ancph`-
tir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` not`gmjns jmr`atic`gt` j`h ahm`gt`.
6.1.1.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
Iugqu` pnjrãi kio`r mgjmaijnr`s mgjmr`atns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (víis` 6.1.?), f`g`rihc`gt`
`s g`a`sirmn r`anpmhir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` jmr`atic`gt` j` hns aahm`gt`s.
hm`gt`s. Hns cítnjns
utmhmzijns piri not`g`r hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`p`gj`g j` jmv`rsns eiatnr`s, pnr
`b`cphn2
‑ hi prneugjmjij
prneugjmjij y hi er`au`gami
er`au`gami j` hi
hi mgt`riaamñg ang `h ahm`gt`4
‑ `h prnpñsmtn
prnpñsmtn y anstn j`h cítnjn
cítnjn j` `vihuiamñg.
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir hns isp`atns préatmans j`sarmtns `g hns ipirtijns 6.1.1.? i 6.1.1.: ih
phigmemair `h `genqu` y hns cítnjns piri r`anpmhir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
6.1.1.? Q`h`aamñg j`h cítnjn piri r`anpmhir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi s`h`aamngir ug cítnjn piri r`anpmhir hns jitns qu` s`i ij`auijn i hi g`a`smjij
y ih tmpn j` jitns qu` s` vig i r`anpmhir.
@h cítnjn f`g`rihc`gt` cés utmhmzijn piri r`anpmhir tih`s jitns `s ugi `gau`sti, qu` pu`j` s`r tigtn
auigtmtitmvi ancn auihmtitmvi.
His `gau`stis auihmtitmvis `stég kiomtuihc`gt` jms`ùijis piri r`v`hir airiat`rãstmais j`h prnjuatn n
s`rvmamn, hi `gtr`fi n hi nrfigmziamñg qu` sng r`h`vigt`s piri hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. F`g`rihc`gt`
s` hh`vig i aion piri `gt`gj`r n `xphnrir his p`ra`pamng`s y r`iaamng`s mgjmvmjuih`s, y piri j`sauormr
mj`is y t`cis. Qng r`hitmvic`gt`
r`hitmvic`gt` eh`xmoh`s `g su iphmaiamñg, p`rn pu`j`g s`r suob`tmvis.
His `gau`stis auigtmtitmvis `stég jms`ùijis piri c`jmr `h frijn j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. F`g`rih-
c`gt`, s` r`ihmzig piri r`anpmhir jitns ifr`fijns, utmhmzigjn pr`fugtis n armt`rmns embns. Q` utmhmzig
piri j`t`rcmgir `h `stitus, r`ihmzir `stujmns ancpiritmvns ang his c`bnr`s préatmais, n kia`r `h s`fum-
cm`gtn j` hns aicomns i hn hirfn j`h tm`cpn.
@g `h ipirtijn J.?.: s` prnpnramngi ugi or`v` j`sarmpamñg j` `stns tmpns j` cítnjns j` `gau`sti y
ugi ancpiriamñg j` sus v`gtibis y hmcmtiamng`s r`hitmvis.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
Hi `saihi j` c`jmamñg, qu` j`p`gj` j` añcn s` r`jiat`g his pr`fugtis, ticomíg j`o`rãi `stir j`emgmji
ahiric`gt`. @g `h aipãtuhn J.: s` prnpnramngi cés nrm`gtiamñg piri j`emgmr his pr`fugtis y r`ugmrhis `g
ug au`stmngirmn.
a) t`agnhnfãi jmspngmoh`4
`) prmviamjij y angemj`gamihmjij.
angemj`gamihmjij.
Ih j`t`rcmgir hi er`au`gami, p`rmnjn n j`s`gaij`gigt` piri r`anpmhir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h
ahm`gt`, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir isp`atns tih`s ancn hns smfum`gt`s2
‑ `h j`sirrnhhn
j`sirrnhhn n higzicm`gtn
higzicm`gtn j` ug gu`vn
gu`vn prnjuatn
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn4
‑ auigjn kiy ug
ug aicomn r`h`vigt`
r`h`vigt` `g hns prnjuatns
prnjuatns n s`rvmamns, prna`sns
prna`sns n `g `h `gtnr
`gtnrgn
gn j` g`fnamn4
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- ?9 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ tnh`rigami j`h
j`h ahm`gt` i hi er`au`gami
er`au`gami y ancph`bmjij j` his `gau`stis.
`gau`stis.
Hi r`anpmhiamñg j` jitns pnjrãi r`ihmzirhi hi prnpmi nrfigmziamñg. @stn pu`j` s`r `angñcman y, jijn `h
angnamcm`gtn qu` hi nrfigmziamñg tm`g` j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn n j`h ahm`gt`, pnjrãi ipnrtir c`bnr
mgenrciamñg. @stn ticomíg pu`j` t`g`r ancn r`suhtijn ugi r`hiamñg cés eu`rt` ang `h ahm`gt`, y ug
c`bnr `gt`gjmcm`gtn j` hns t`cis j`h ahm`gt`. Qmg `coirfn, `xmst` `h rm`sfn j` qu` hns jitns pu`jig
t`g`r s`sfn pnr hi r`hiamñg j` hns mgjmvmjuns mgvnhuarijns
mgvnhuarijns `g hi `gau`sti. @st` rm`sfn pu`j` `vmtirs` sm
hi r`anpmhiamñg j` jitns s` r`ihmzi pnr ugi t`ra`ri pirt` mgj`p`gjm`gt`.
mgj`p`gjm`gt`.
‑ `h frijn j` sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaamñg j`h
j`h ahm`gt` y su t`gj`gami4
‑ hi mgenrciamñg p`rtmg`gt`
p`rtmg`gt` snor` hns prnjuatns,
prnjuatns, s`rvmamns y prna`sns
prna`sns j` hi ancp`t`gami n j` his
nrfigmziamng`s ancpirioh`s, y4
‑ his enrtih`zis
enrtih`zis y ér`is j`
j` c`bnri
c`bnri prmnrmtirmis.
prmnrmtirmis.
Ih igihmzir hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir his iatmvmjij`s
j`sarmtis `g hns ipirtijns 6.:.? i 6.:.5. @g `h ig`xn
i g`xn @ s` eiamhmti cés nrm`gtiamñg snor` `stis
`s tis iatmvmjij`s.
i) igéhmsms jmr`atn,
jmr`atn, qu` mcphmai
mcphmai `h igéhmsms
igéhmsms j` his r`spu`stis j`h ahm`gt` i pr`fugtis
pr`fugtis `sp`aãemais, n
F`g`rihc`gt` icois ait`fnrãis j` igéhmsms s` pu`j`g utmhmzir piri `xtri`r mgenrciamñg òtmh j` hns
jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - ?? -
‑ hi sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
ahm`gt` (fhnoih
(fhnoih n pnr
pnr ait`fnrãi
ait`fnrãi j` ahm`gt`),
ahm`gt`), y t`gj`gamis4
‑ his jme`r`gamis
jme`r`gamis `g `h frijn j` sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaamñg pnr ait`fnrãi
ait`fnrãi j` ahm`gt`4
‑ `vihuir hi ank`r`gami
ank`r`gami j` hns r`suhtijns,
r`suhtijns, ancpirigjn ang ntrns
ntrns mgjmaijnr`s
mgjmaijnr`s n t`gj`gami `g ér`is
qu` ticomíg r`eh`b`g hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, pnr `b`cphn his v`gtis y his qu`bis j`h ahm`gt`.
@h mgenrc` j`o`rãi prnpnramngir ug mgjmaijnr ahirn y ancpr`gsmoh` j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Ij`cés
j` hns jitns r`anpmhijns jmr`atic`gt` j` hns ahm`gt`s, pnjrãi kio`r ntris airiat`rãstmais n c`jmamng`s
qu` r`eh`b`g hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, pnr `b`cphn ancn his amtijis `g `h ipirtijn 6.1.?.
His c`jmamng`s ahiv` j` his airiat`rãstmais p`rtmg`gt`s s` pu`j`g ancomgir `g ug vihnr angsnhmjijn
`b`cphn,
j`gncmgijn ‘ãgjma` j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`–. @h ãgjma` j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pnjrãi, pnr `b`cphn,
s`r ugi c`jmi pngj`riji j`h r`suhtijn j` hi `gau`sti j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` y `h gòc`rn j` qu`bis
r`amomjis. @st` ãgjma` pu`j` s`r ugi cig`ri angv`gm`gt` y òtmh j` r`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg
j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` i hn hirfn j`h tm`cpn n `h `spiamn.
@h mgenrc` ticomíg j`o`rãi mj`gtmemair his airiat`rãstmais y ancpng`gt`s r`h`vigt`s j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h
ahm`gt`, isã ancn his aiusis pnt`gamih`s y hns `h`c`gtns qu` angtrmouy`g i hi mgsitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- ?1 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ j`t`rcmgir quí
quí mgenrciamñg j`o`rãi ancugmairs`
ancugmairs` y i qumíg (mgahuy`gjn
(mgahuy`gjn i hns ahm`gt`s)4
‑ r`vmsir hi mcph`c`gtiamñg
mcph`c`gtiamñg j` phig`s j` iaamñg y hns r`suhtijns `g hns enrns iprnpmijns, pnr `b`cphn,
`b`cphn,
r`vmsmng`s pnr hi jmr`aamñg.
Hi mcph`c`gtiamñg angtmgui j` tih`s iaamng`s pu`j` pnt`gamir hi `emaiami y `emam`gami j`h smst`ci j`
f`stmñg j` hi aihmjij j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
Hi mgenrciamñg snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (tigtn pnsmtmvi ancn g`fitmvi) pu`j` iyujir i fumir i
hi nrfigmziamñg piri tritir t`cis r`hiamngijns ang aucphmr hns r`qumsmtns `stioh`amjns pnr `h ahm`gt`.
Zicomíg pu`j` iyujir i his nrfigmziamng`s i `gt`gj`r y tritir his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`, n t`cis
r`hiamngijns ang hi p`ra`pamñg qu` tm`g` `h ahm`gt` j`h prnjuatn `gtr`fijn
`gtr`fijn n j`h s`rvmamn prnvmstn n j`
hi nrfigmziamñg, y j` `st` cnjn pnt`gamir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@g `h ig`xn E s` prnpnramngi nrm`gtiamñg f`gírmai snor` ihfugis j` his cig`ris `g qu` s` pnjrãi utmhmzir
hi mgenrciamñg.
m genrciamñg.
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi v`rmemair qu` hi s`h`aamñg j` ahm`gt`s n frupn j` ahm`gt`s `sté ihmg`iji ang `h
prnpñsmtn j` hi r`anpmhiamñg j` jitns, y qu` hi s`h`aamñg `s ancph`ti y anrr`ati. Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi
`xicmgir his eu`gt`s j` hns jitns snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, tigtn jmr`atns ancn mgjmr`atns,
mgjmr`atns, piri
ancprnoir su vihmj`z y r`h`vigami.
‑ mgenrciamñg ancpiritmvi n j`
j` ug
ug ancp`tmjnr4
ancp`tmjnr4
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - ?: -
‑ j`omhmjij`s y enrtih`zis
enrtih`zis j` hns prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi nrfigmziamñg,
nrfigmziamñg, j` hns prna`sns, j
j`
` his
préatmais n j`h p`rsngih4
‑ r`tns u npnrtugmjij`s
npnrtugmjij`s pnt`gamih`s.
6.5.: Q`fumcm`gtn j` his iaamng`s tncijis piri c`bnrir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi r`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn j`h prna`sn n prna`sns c`jmigt` hns qu` hi mgenrci-
amñg r`h`vigt` snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` s` prnpnramngi i his eugamng`s iprnpmijis, piri tncir
iaamng`s
iaamng`s `gaicmgijis i iuc`gtir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
\nr `b`cphn, sm hi r`trnihmc`gtiamñg j`h ahm`gt` `sté r`hiamngiji ang ugi ‘`gtr`fi j`emam`gt`–, hi nrfigm
nrfigm--
ziamñg j`o`rãi v`rmemair qu` s` tncig iaamng`s piri c`bnrir hi `gtr`fi y qu` `stn s` r`eh`bi `g hi
c`bnri j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` `g smfum`gt`s r`trnihmc`gtiamng`s j`h ahm`gt`.
\nr `b`cphn, sm his c`jmamng`s j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j` hi nrfigmziamñg cu`strig ugi t`gj`gami
pnsmtmvi, f`g`rihc`gt` ticomíg j`o`rãi r`eh`birs` `g mgjmaijnr`s j`h g`fnamn r`hiamngijns, tih`s ancn
ug iuc`gtn j` hi j`cigji, iuc`gtn j` hi pirtmampiamñg `g `h c`raijn, iuc`gtn j` hns ahm`gt`s qu`
r`pmt`g y iuc`gtn j` gu`vns ahm`gt`s. Qm hi t`gj`gami j` hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` gn s`
r`eh`bi `g hns ntrns mgjmaijnr`s j` j`s`cp`ùn j`h g`fnamn, pnjrãi smfgmemair ugi hmcmtiamñg n j`e`atn `g
hns prna`sns j` c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` y j` ancugmaiamñg.
\nr ntrn hijn, ticomíg pnjrãi mgjmair qu` hi c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` gn ki t`gmjn `g au`gti
ntrns eiatnr`s qu` mgehuy`g `g hi j`amsmñg j`h ahm`gt`.
; Cigt`gmcm`gtn y c`bnri
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi r`vmsir p`rmñjmaic`gt` sus prna`sns j` s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitms-
eiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` piri is`furirs` j` qu` sng `emaia`s y `emam`gt`s y qu` prnpnramngig mgenrciamñg qu`
`s iatuih,
iatuih, p`rtmg`gt` y òtmh. @gtr` his iaamng`s tãpmais i angsmj`rir s` mgahuy`g2
‑ is`furirs` j` qu`
qu` kiy ug phig, ug aih`gjirmn
aih`gjirmn y ug prna`sn
prna`sn j`emgmjn piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg
j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`4
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- ?0 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ is`furirs` j`
j` qu` hns cítnjns
cítnjns y prna`sns
prna`sns piri hi c`jmamñg jmr`ati j` hi
hi sitmseiaamñg r`eh`big
r`eh`big his
angjmamng`s aicomigt`s j`h ahm`gt` y j` his c`tis j`h g`fnamn4
‑ mj`gtmemair mcp`jmc`gtns
mcp`jmc`gtns y iy
iyujis
ujis i hi ancugmaiamñg j`
j` hi mgenrciamñg snor`
snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h
j`h
ahm`gt` piri prncnv`r c`bnris4
‑ `vihuir hi `emaiami
`emaiami j` his c`jmjis ijnptijis
ijnptijis `g r`hiamñg
r`hiamñg ang hns rm`sfns
rm`sfns y his npnrtugmjij
npnrtugmjij`s.
`s.
GNZI Hi mgenrciamñg j`rmviji j`h usn j`h añjmfn j` angjuati piri hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` (víis` MQN 9<<<9), hns prna`
prna`sns
sns
j` triticm`gtn j` qu`bis (víis` MQN 9<<<?) y hns prna`sns j` r`snhuamñg j` angehmatns (víis` MQN 9<<<1) pu`j`g
iyujir `g `h cigt`gmcm`gtn y c`bnri j` hns prna`sns piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - ?5 -
Ig`xn I (Mgenrcitmvn)
Hi emfuri I.9 mhustri hns prna`sns j` hi nrfigmziamñg r`hiamngijns ang `h añjmfn j` angjuati, `h triti-
cm`gtn j` his qu`bis, hi r`snhuamñg j` angehmatns j` enrci `xt`rgi, y `h s`fumcm`gtn y hi c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi nrm`gtiamñg `g `st` jnauc`gtn s` pu`j` utmhmzir piri ipnyir hns prna`sns j`sirrnhhijns `g his
Gnrcis
Gnrc is MQN 9<<<9, MQN 9<<<?, ` MQN 9<<<1. His sihmjis j` hns prna`sns oisijns `g his Gnrcis
MQN 9<<<9, MQN 9<<<? ` MQN 9<<<1 s` pu`j`g utmhmzir ancn `gtriji piri `h s`fumcm`gtn y c`jmamñg j` hi
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- ?6 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Emfuri I.9 ‑ Mgt`rr`hiamñg j` his Gnrcis MQN 9<<<9, MQN 9<<<?, MQN 9<<<1 y `st` jnauc`gtn
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - ?; -
Ig`xn O (Mgenrcitmvn)
O.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
@st` ig`xn prnpnramngi cés mgenrciamñg snor` `h cnj`hn anga`ptuih j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
(pr`s`gtijn `g `h aipãtuhn :). @st` anga`ptn
a nga`ptn eugjic`gti
eugjic`gti hi nrm`gtiamñg ner`amji `g `st` jnauc`gtn.
@g `st` cnj`hn his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` snor` `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn airiat`rmzig ih prnjuatn n
s`rvmamn qu` `h ahm`gt` qumsm`ri r`amomr. His `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` `stég enrcijis prmgampihc`gt
prmgampihc`gt`
` pnr
hi `xp`rm`gami j`h ahm`gt`, hi mgenrciamñg jmspngmoh` y his g`a`smjij`s j`h ahm`gt`. @stis `xp`atitmvis
pnjrãig r`eh`birs` `g r`qumsmtns j`emgmjns, n pnjrãig jirs` pnr supu`stis y gn j`emgmrs`.
@h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn phigmemaijn airiat`rmzi ih prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` hi nrfigmziamñg tm`g` pr`vmstn
`gtr`fir. @g f`g`rih `s ug ancprncmsn `gtr` hi ancpr`gsmñg qu` tm`g` hi nrfigmziamñg j` his `xp`ati-
tmvis j`h ahm`gt`, hi aipiamjij j` hi nrfigmziamñg, sus mgt`r`s`s mgt`rgns, y his r`strmaamng`s tíagmais,
h`fih`s y r`fhic`gtirmis iphmaioh`s i hi nrfigmziamñg y ih prnjuatn n s`rvmamn.
@h prnjuatn `gtr`fijn n s`rvmamn pr`stijn airiat`rmzi ih prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` r`ihmzi hi nrfigmziamñg.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- ?= - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Hi p`ra`pamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn airiat`rmzi ih prnjuatn n s`rvmamn ancn hn p`ramo` `h
ahm`gt`. @sti p`ra`pamñg tnci enrci s`fòg his g`a`smjij`s j`h ahm`gt`, `h `gtnrgn j` g`fnamn y his
iht`rgitmvis jmspngmoh`s `g `h c`raijn.
Hi sitmseiaamñg `s ug bumamn, ugi npmgmñg `xpr`siji pnr `h ahm`gt`. @h frijn j` sitmseiaamñg r`eh`bi hi
or`aki `gtr` hi vmsmñg j`h ahm`gt` snor` `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `sp`rijn y hi p`ra`pamñg j`h ahm`gt`
ia`rai j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn, mgahuy`gjn ntrns isp`atns j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
i) his c`jmamng`s
c`jmamng`s mgt`rgis j` hi aihmjij `g hns
hns prna`sns
prna`sns j`
j` r`ihmziamñg4
r`ihmziamñg4 y
y44
o) his c`jmamng`s
c`jmamng`s `xt`rgis j` hi vmsmñg j`h ahm`gt` ia`rai
ia`rai j` `g quí c`jmji
c`jmji hi nrfigmziamñg
nrfigmziamñg ki sitmse`-
akn his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`.
Ancn s` mhustri `g `h cnj`hn anga`ptuih, i emg j` c`bnrir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, hi nrfigmziamñg
g`a`smti `str`akir his jme`r`gamis `gtr` hi aihmjij `sp`riji pnr `h ahm`gt` y hi p`ra`pamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`
hi aihmjij
cnj`hn `gtr`fiji.`s\iri
anga`ptuih, kia`rhn, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi ionrjir aiji ugi j` his `tipis j`h amahn j`h
j`amr2
‑ `gt`gj`r `g j`tihh`
j`tihh` his `xp`atitmvis
`xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` ih j`emgmr
j`emgmr `h prnjuatn
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn phigmemaijn,
phigmemaijn, y is`fu-
is`fu-
rirs` j` qu` `h ahm`gt` `sté ancph`tic`gt` mgenrcijn snor` his airiat`rãstmais y hmcmtiamng`s j`h
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn (`st` `s `h ér`i j` hi aiptiamñg j` r`qumsmtns, ancugmaiamñg y jms`ùn j`h prnjua-
tn n s`rvmamn)4
‑ `gtr`fir ug prnjuatn
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn
s`rvmamn angenrc`
angenrc` ang `h prnjuatn
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn phigmemaijn
phigmemaijn (`st` `s `h ér
ér`i
`i j`
hi f`stmñg np`riamngih y angtrnh j` prna`sns), y4
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir qu` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` gn snhn s` r`em`r` i his airiat`rãstmais
j`h prnjuatn y hi `gtr`fi, smgn ticomíg i ntrns isp`atns j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
Ig`xn A (Mgenrcitmvn)
A.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
@st` ig`xn prnpnramngi cés mgenrciamñg y nrm`gtiamñg snor` hi mj`gtmemaiamñg j` his `xp`atitmvis j`h
ahm`gt`, pr`s`gtijis `g `h ipirtijn 6.?.
i) Ahm`gt`s iatuih`s
iatuih`s sng iqu`hhns
iqu`hhns qu` kig ancprijn
ancprijn r`am`gt`c`gt`
r`am`gt`c`gt` prnjuatns
prnjuatns j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
nrfigmziamñg.
\njrãig s`r2
9) ahm`gt`s er`au`gt`s
er`au`gt`s qu` ancprig
ancprig prnjuatns
prnjuatns n s`rvmamns
s`rvmamns j` hi nrfig
nrfigmziamñg4
mziamñg4
?) ahm`gt`s naismngih`s
naismngih`s qu` ancprig
ancprig p`rmñjmaic`gt`
p`rmñjmaic`gt` prnjuatns
prnjuatns n s`rvmamns j
j`
` hi nrfigmziamñg.
o) Ahm`gt`s jmr`atns
jmr`atns sng iqu`hhns
iqu`hhns qu` ancprig prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns
s`rvmamns jmr`atic`gt`
jmr`atic`gt` j` hi nrfigm-
ziamñg. Zih`s ahm`gt`s f`g`rihc`gt` `sp`amemaig sus `xp`atitmvis jmr`atic`gt` i hi nrfigmziamñg.
a) Ahm`gt`s mgjmr`atns
mgjmr`atns sng iqu`hhns qu`
qu` ancprig n r`amo`g prnjuatns n s`rvmamns
s`rvmamns j` hi nrfigmziamñg i
trivís j` ug anc`ramigt`, jmstrmoumjnr u ntri nrfigmziamñg. @g `stns aisns `s mcpnrtigt` qu` hi
nrfigmziamñg `gtm`gji his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` mgjmr`atn, isã ancn his `xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt`
nob`tmvn.
j) Ahm`gt`s pnt`gamih`s
pnt`gamih`s sng iqu`hhns qu` pnjrãig
pnjrãig `stir mgt`r`sijns `g hns prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi
nrfigmziamñg, p`rn qu` iòg gn kig ancprijn n r`amomjn `h prnjuatn. His `xp`atitmvis j` `stns
ahm`gt`s pnjrãig `stir mgehu`gamijis pnr hi mcif`g j` hi nrfigmziamñg, pnrqu` gn tm`g`g `xp`rm`gami
`g tritir ang hi nrfigmziamñg.
`) Ahm`gt`s p`rjmjns
p`rjmjns sng iqu`hhns
iqu`hhns qu` igt`s
igt`s ancprioig
ancprioig hns prnjuatns
prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi nrfigmziamñg
p`rn qu` kig j`bijn j` kia`r ancpris. @g `stns aisns hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi tritir j` `gt`gj`r
his rizng`s j`h aicomn `g his pr`e`r`gamis j`h ahm`gt`.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 19 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ is`furirs` j` qu`
qu` hi r`trnihmc`gtiamñg
r`trnihmc`gtiamñg j`h ahm`gt` `sté jms`ùiji piri
piri r`v`hir mgenrciamñg
mgenrciamñg snor` his
his
`xp`atitmvis j`h ahm`gt` y snor` `h vihnr p`ramomjn j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn4
‑ hns ahm`gt`s
ahm`gt`s ang
ang aipiamjij`s
aipiamjij`s y g`a`smjij`s
g`a`smjij`s `sp`amih`s.
i) hi sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaamñg ang `h`c`gtns n isp`atns
isp`atns `sp`aãemans
`sp`aãemans j`h
j`h prnjuatn
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `g
`gtr`fijn4
tr`fijn4
@h ahm`gt` i c`gujn `sp`amemai am`rtns `h`c`gtns j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` tm`g`g ug mcpiatn jmr`atn
snor` hi sitmseiaamñg, Qmg `coirfn, kiy ntris airiat`rãstmais qu` ie`atig i hi sitmseiaamñg, y sus r`hiamng`s
s` cu`strig `g hi emfuri A.9.
@h cnj`hn j` hi emfuri A.9 vmgauhi `h frijn j` sitmseiaamñg ang `h aucphmcm`gtn j` his `xp`atitmvis. J` íh
surf`g jme`r`gt`s ait`fnrãis j` airiat`rãstmais qu` tm`g`g mgehu`gami, añcn s` j`sarmo`g i angtmguiamñg.
‑ ‘Oésmais– sng airiat`rãstmais j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` `h ahm`gt` `sp`ri. Qu aucphmcm`gtn snhn
pr`vm`g` hi mgsitmseiaamñg. Qng airiat`rãstmais qu` kiomtuihc`gt` gn `xpr`sig j` enrci `xphãamti,
p`rn qu` sng mcpnrtigt`s.
‑ ‘J` j`s`cp`ùn– sng airiat`rãstmais j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` ie`atig jmr`atic`gt` i hi sitmseiaamñg
n mgsitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, `s j`amr, auigtn c`bnr s` aucphig, ciynr s`ré hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
@h ahm`gt` ousai `xphãamtic`gt` `stis airiat`rãstmais y his vihnri cuakn.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 1? -
‑ ‘Npnrtugmjij`s nauhtis– sng airiat`rãstmais j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn qu` pnt`gamihc`gt` sng cuy
mcpnrtigt`s n itriatmvis piri `h ahm`gt`, p`rn qu` tnjivãi gn s` kig `xpr`sijn n pr`vmstn. Ner`a`g
v`gtibis ancp`tmtmvis y npnrtugmjij`s j` j`sirrnhhn euturis. Qm jmakis npnrtugmjij`s gn s` aucph`g,
gn aiusig mgsitmseiaamñg, pu`stn qu` gn `stioig `sp`rijis n pr`vmstis, p`rn su aucphmcm`gtn pu`j`
t`g`r ug `e`atn cuy pnsmtmvn `g hi sitmseiaamñg. Qmg `coirfn, `s mcpnrtigt` gntir qu` tih`s airiat`-
rãstmais `stég sub`t is
is i aicomns y pnjrãig angv`rtmrs` répmjic`gt` `g eiatnr`s ‘`sp`rijn s–.
‘`sp`rijns–.
@B@C\HN Ehnr`s er`sais mg`sp`rijis `g hi kiomtiamñg j`h knt`h, his iatuihmziamng`s j` s`rvmamn j`h snetwir`
snetwir` smg
smg
anst`, jir ipnyn ijmamngih c`jmigt` enrciamñg `g `h usn j`h prnjuatn.
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir `stis airiat`rãstmais ih j`emgmr `h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn. ]`gjn cés
ihhé j` his `xp`atitmvis
`xp`atitmvis j` ahm`gt` angnamjis, hi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` c`bnrir hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
His ait`fnrãis j`sarmtis igt`rmnrc`gt` pu`j`g iyujir i hi nrfigmziamñg i prmnrmzir his iaamng`s
pnt`gamih`s j` c`bnri qu` pnjrãig r`suhtir j`h igéhmsms j` hns jitns j` ahm`gt`, ancn s` j`sarmo` `g `h
ipirtijn @.:.1.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- 11 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Ig`xn J (Mgenrcitmvn)
J.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
@st` ig`xn prnpnramngi cés mgenrciamñg y nrm`gtiamñg snor` hns pisns y iatmvmjij`s isnamijns i his
c`jmamng`s jmr`atis j` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, pr`s`gtijis `g `h ipirtijn 6.1.1.
His `gtr`vmstis
juriamñg airi
virãi j` :0i iairi
5< p`rcmt`g ugcés.
cmgutns, n `gt`gjmcm`gtn cés
Hi `gtr`vmsti prneugjn
pnjrãi j` his `xp`atitmvi
`xp`atitmvis
`struaturirs` s j`h ahm`gt`.
piramihc`gt`, Qu
`s j`amr,
oisirs` `g ug `squ`ci qu` iyuj` i tritir am`rtns t`cis oésmans. @s mcpnrtigt` p`rcmtmr ih `gau`stijn
r`spngj`r hmor`c`gt`, y r`fmstrir his r`spu`stis
r`spu`stis hmt`rihc`gt`.
His `gtr`vmstis t`h`eñgmais au`stig c`gns y pu`j`g prnpnramngir r`suhtijns cés répmjns.
Hns jns `genqu`s amtijns igt`rmnrc`gt` pnjrãig ancomgirs`. \nr `b`cphn, his `gtr`vmstis prneugjis
pnjrãig angtmguirs` ang frupns j` j`oit`. @h gòc`rn j` `gtr`vmstis n frupns j`p`gj` j`h prnpñsmtn
`sp`aãeman j` hi `gau`sti, y j`h frijn j` smcmhmtuj `g hns tmpns j` ahm`gt`s.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 1: -
His `gtr`vmstis p`rsngih`s airi i airi sng c`gns pnpuhir`s j`omjn ih anstn y i hi jmemauhtij j` angs`fumr
`gtr`vmstis ang ahm`gt`s j` hi mgjustrmi. Hns cítnjns utmhmzijns ang ciynr er`au`gami sng hns au`stmn-
girmns prnpnramngijns pnr t`híengn y hns au`stmngirmns vãi `-cimh.
- 10 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‚ jitns
Ciynr tm`cpn piri hi r`anpmhiamñg j`
His v`gtibis y hmcmtiamng`s mgjmaijis `g hi tiohi igt`rmnr supng`g qu` hi r`anpmhiamñg j` jitns hi r`ihmzi
hi nrfigmziamñg. Qm hi iatmvmjij j` `gau`sti `sté suoangtritiji, ihfugns j` hns anc`gtirmns igt`rmnr`s
pnjrãig gn iphmair.
Qm hi tisi j` r`spu`sti i hi `gau`sti `s oibi, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi angsmj`rir ntris vãis j` ancph`-
c`gtir n v`rmemair hi mgenrciamñg not`gmji.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 15 -
@h ticiùn j` hi cu`stri aihauhijn `stijãstmaic`gt` pnjrãi s`r ciynr qu` `h ticiùn qu` hi nrfigmziamñg
pu`j` angtiatir. @g hi préatmai, `h ticiùn j` hi cu`stri s`h`aamngijn `s f`g`rihc`gt` ug ancprncmsn
`gtr` hi pr`amsmñg j`s`iji y `h gmv`h j` angemigzi, y `h anstn n hi jmemauhtij j`h cu`str`n.
Pg `genqu` `s s`h`aamngir i hns ahm`gt`s c`jmigt` ug cu`str`n ih`itnrmn, `s j`amr, auigjn hi prnoiomhmjij
j` s`h`aamngir i auihqum`r ahm`gt` j` hi pnohiamñg `s hi cmsci. @st` `genqu` pnjrãi utmhmzirs` auigjn hi
pnohiamñg `s r`hitmvic`gt` kncnfíg`i, n auigjn kiy pnai mgenrciamñg n gmgfugi snor` hi ancpnsm-
amñg j` hi pnohiamñg.
Ntrn `genqu` `s utmhmzir `h cu`str`n `stritmemaijn, `g `h auih hns ahm`gt`s s` ifrupig `g virmis ait`fn-
rãis (n ‘`stritns–) j` iau`rjn ang ihfòg armt`rmn, tih`s ancn2 hnaihmziamñg, angnamcm`gtn n usn j`h
prnjuatn y s`rvmamn, ticiùn, iatmtuj (tnh`rigt`/ang
(tnh`rigt`/ang qu`bis), fíg`rn/`jij j` hns ahm`gt`s, y vihnr pnt`g-
amih piri hi nrfigmziamñg. Q` `xtri`g `gtnga`s cu`stris prnpnramngih`s j` aiji ugn j` hns `stritns j`
hi pnohiamñg, piri not`g`r mgenrciamñg j` aiji `stritn.
- 16 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Zicomíg `s ugi ou`gi préatmai mgvmtir ih ahm`gt` i kia`r anc`gtirmns y suf`r`gamis auigjn s` enrcuh`g
his pr`fugtis, piri `vmtir r`spu`stis j`h ahm`gt` qu` s`ig icomfuis n angeusis.
‑ j`emgmr ahiric`gt`
ahiric`gt` `h t`ci
t`ci `g tírcmgns j`
j` qumíg, quí, auégjn,
auégjn, jñgj`,
jñgj`, pnr quí
quí y añcn4
‑ utmhmzir h`gfuib` anrrm`gt`,
anrrm`gt`, `s j`amr, pihioris qu` s` anrr`spngj
anrr`spngjig
ig ang `h vnaiouhirmn j` hns
`gau`stijns4
‑ `vmtir usir ug h`gfuib` qu` pujm`ri jir pm` n angjmamngir ih `gau`stijn mgjmaégjnh` his `xp`atitmvis
j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - 1; -
Hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi nrfigmzir his pr`fugtis `g ugi s`au`gami hñfmai auigjn s`i pnsmoh` y, utmhmzir
cés j` ugi pr`fugti piri kiaírs`hn cés eéamh ih `gau`stijn sm his r`spu`stis mcphmaig cuakis
iht`rgitmvis.
GNZI Pg enrcitn iht`rgitmvn j`sarmo` ugi pr`s`gtiamñg n r`pr`s`gtiamñg jme`r`gt` j`stmgiji i kia`r hi mgenrciamñg iaa`smoh`
i trivís j` ugi cnjihmjij n aipiamjij s`gsnrmih jme`r`gt`. \rnpnramngigjn tnjis his `gtrijis y tnjis his sihmjis (`s
j`amr, mgenrciamñg y eugamng`s) `g, ih c`gns, ug enrcitn iht`rgitmvn (pnr `b`cphn, vmsuih n téatmh), pu`j` iyujir i cés
f`gt`, mgahuy`gjn iqu`hhns ang prnoh`cis j` h`gfuib`/iheio`tmziamñg. Hns eiatnr`s j` pr`s`gtiamñg qu` pu`j`g ie`atir
i hi h`fmomhmjij y eiamhmjij j` ancpr`gsmñg mgahuy`g2
‑ pr`s`gtiamñg4
‑ anhnr j` mcpr`smñg y angtrist`4
‑ ticiùn y `stmhn j` eu`gt` y sãconhns4
‑ `h`aamñg y usn j` còhtmph`s h`gfuib`s.
@g hi Fuãi MQN/M@A 16 s` prnpnramngig mgstruaamng`s piri usn j` prnjuatns pnr hns angsucmjnr`s.
Hi pr`s`gtiamñg j`o`rãi jms`ùirs` piri eiamhmtir `h igéhmsms j` hns jitns r`anpmhijns, pnr `b`cphn utmhmzig-
jn, anhucgis ihmg`ijis v`rtmaihc`gt` piri his r`spu`stis.
J.:.?.: @stioh`amcm`gtn j` hi `saihi j` c`jmamñg
Hi `saihi j` c`jmamñg j`p`gj` j`h tmpn j` mgenrciamñg ousaiji y j`o`rãi j`emgmrs` ahiric`gt`. Ih
`vihuir iatmtuj`s, i c`gujn s` utmhmzi ugi `saihi j` 0 pugtns pnr ait`fnrãi i hn hirfn j` ug angtmgun.
@B@C\HN 9 ‘Zntihc`gt` j` iau`rjn–4 ‘J` iau`rjn–4 ‘G`utrih–4 ‘@g j`siau`rjn–4 ‘Zntihc`gt` `g j`siau`rjn–.
j`siau`rjn–.
Auigjn s` g`a`smt` ciynr jmsarmcmgiamñg, pu`j` utmhmzirs` ugi `saihi cés icphmi (pnr `b`cphn j` 9<
pugtns).
Qm `s g`a`sirmn nohmfir ih `gau`stijn i pnsmamngirs` y `vmtir ugi r`spu`sti g`utrih, `h au`stmngirmn pu`j`
utmhmzir ug gòc`rn pir j` pugtns `g hi `saihi (pnr `b`cphn : n 5).
- 1= - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Auigjn s`i pnsmoh`, j`o`rãig `gsiyirs` tnjns hns isp`atns ahiv` j`h au`stmngirmn, utmhmzigjn hns cmscns
cítnjns (pnr `b`cphn, `h anrr`n n `h t`híengn) qu` hi `gau`sti r`ih. @stn j`o`rãi r`p`tmrs` piri aiji
r`vmsmñg smfgmemaitmvi j`h au`stmngirmn.
Hns r`suhtijns j` hi pru`oi pmhntn j`o`rãig igihmzirs` piri `vihuir `h cítnjn j` `gau`sti, su ihaiga`
y ahirmjij, isã ancn hi r`iaamñg j` hns `gau`stijns, y piri cnjmemair hi `gau`sti s`fòg s`i iprnpmijn.
\nr `b`cphn, sm `h au`stmngirmn r`suhti j`cismijn hirfn, pnjrãi jmvmjmrs` `g au`stmngirmns cés anrtns
qu` hh`virig c`gns tm`cpn.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
Ig`xn @ (Mgenrcitmvn)
@.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
@st` ig`xn prnpnramngi cés mgenrciamñg y nrm`gtiamñg snor` `h igéhmsms j` hns jitns j` hi sitmseiaamñg
j`h ahm`gt`, pr`s`gtijn `g `h ipirtijn 6.:.
‑ `rrnr`s n `qumvnaiamng`s
`qumvnaiamng`s `g hns jitns2
jitns2 pnjrãi s`r g`a`sirmn anrr`fmrhns
anrr`fmrhns n `hmcmgirhn
`hmcmgirhns,
s, piri `vmtir
angahusmng`s `gfiùnsis4
‑ pr`amsmñg j` hns
hns jitns2 sm s`
s` utmhmzig tíagmais
tíagmais j` cu`str`n,
cu`str`n, `s iangs`bioh`
iangs`bioh` angemrcir qu` `h cítnjn
cítnjn y
ticiùn j` hi cu`stri sng ank`r`gt`s ang `h gmv`h j` angemigzi y `h cirf`g j` `rrnr qu` pnjrãi
kio`rs` `sp`amemaijn.
- :9 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Igéhmsms j` \ir`tn Ahismemair hns jitns `g ait`fnrãis piri @g tírcmgns j` aihmjij j`h prnjuatn, s` nos`rvi
iyujir i prmnrmzir t`cis qu` hi ciynrãi j` hns prnoh`cis (;<%) s`
j`o`g i ugis pnais aiusis ahiv` (?<%).
Igéhmsms j` Mj`gtmemair hi jmr`aamñg (c`bnrigjn, @h gòc`rn j` qu`bis s` ki mgar`c`gtijn `g ug
t`gj`gamis j`t`rmnrégjns`, `ta.) 0% iguih.
Fréemans j` angtrnh _`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn j`h j`s`cp`ùn ` Hi tisi j` `rrnr `g hns `gvãns `gtr`fijns `g `h
`stijãstman mj`gtmemair hi virmiamñg `stijãstmaic`gt` òhtmcn auitrmc`str` eu` smfgmemaitmvic`gt`
smfgmemaitmvi (`s j`amr, gn ih`itnrmi) ciynr j` hn `sp`rijn.
\ru`oi t j`
j` Mj`gtmemair his jme`r`gamis `stijãstmaic`gt` Hns `gau`stijns j` Hngjr`s `stég
Qtuj`gt smfgmemaitmvis `gtr` jns frupns smfgmemaitmvic`gt` cés sitmse`
sitmse`akns
akns `g angbugtn
mgj`p`gjm`gt`s qu` hns `gau`stijns j` \irãs.
Igéhmsms j` Mj`gtmemair his jme`r`gamis `stijãstmaic`gt` Hi sitmseiaamñg fhnoih jmem`r` smfgmemaitmvic`gt`
virmigzi smfgmemaitmvis `gtr` cés j` jns frupns `gtr` hns `gau`stijns j` Hngjr`s, hns `gau`stijns
mgj`p`gjm`gt`s j` \irãs, y hns `gau`stijns j` O`rhãg.
i \iri ug gòc`rn
gòc`rn pir j` r`spu`stis, hi c`jmigi `s `h prnc`j
prnc`jmn
mn j` hhis
is jns r`spu`stis j`h a`gtrn.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - :? -
@.:.1 \rmnrmziamñg
Hi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` j`t`rcmgir y a`gtrirs` `g iqu`hhis airiat`rãstmais j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn y
ntrns isp`atns j` hi nrfigmziamñg auyi c`bnri pnjrãi t`g`r ug `e`atn cés smfgmemaitmvn snor` hi sitms-
eiaamñg. \nr tigtn, `s g`a`sirmn angna`r hi mcpnrtigami qu` `h ahm`gt` vmgauhi i airiat`rãstmais `sp`aã-
emais, y `h `e`atn j` `sis airiat`rãstmais snor` hi sitmseiaamñg fhnoih (víis` `h aipãtuhn
a ipãtuhn A.:).
‑ His airiat`rãstmais j`
j` mgeri`struaturi
mgeri`struaturi sng iqu`hhis
iqu`hhis piri his qu` `h ahm`gt` `xpr`si ug gmv`h oibn j`
mcpnrtigami p`rn sng g`a`sirmis piri hi np`riamñg j`h g`fnamn n j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn, pnr `b`cphn4
`h phitn `g `h qu` s` smrv` hi pmzzi. Qm s` c`bnririg, t`gjrãig ug mcpiatn p`qu`ùn snor` hi sitmseia-
amñg fhnoih. Hi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` angsmj`rir `hmcmgirhis n r`juamr hi mgv`rsmñg `g `hhis, piri r`juamr
anst`s n prnpnramngir ciynr vihnr ih ahm`gt`.
‑ His airiat`rãstmais
airiat`rãstmais oésmais (víis` A.:
A.:)) tm`g`g ug oibn
oibn `e`atn r`hitmvn
r`hitmvn `g hi sitmseiaamñg,
sitmseiaamñg, ugi v`
v`zz qu`
s` ihaigzi ug j`t`rcmgijn ucorih. Ancn sua`j` ang his airiat`rãstmais j` hi mgeri`struaturi, hi
- :1 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
‑ His npnrtugmjij`s
npnrtugmjij`s nauhtis `gfhnoig
`gfhnoig his airiat`rãstmais
airiat`rãstmais qu` `h ahm`gt` iatu
iatuihc`gt`
ihc`gt` gn angsmj`ri
angsmj`ri n
r`angna` ancn mcpnrtigt`s (víis` A.:). Qm s` c`bnrig n s` aucph`g, jmakis airiat`rãstmais pnjrãig
iuc`gtir smfgmemaitmvic`gt` hi sitmseiaamñg fhnoih. Zih`s airiat`rãstmais ner`a`g `h ciynr pnt`gamih
j` c`bnri j` hi sitmseiaamñg.
\iri iyujir i prmnrmzir his iaamng`s j` c`bnri, his jmv`rsis airiat`rãstmais pu`j`g `xicmgirs` angv`-
gm`gt`c`gt` c`jmigt` su ahismemaiamñg `g auitrn zngis s`fòg s` mhustri `g hi emfuri @.9.
His airiat`rãstmais `g his zngis 1 y : ner`a`g `h ciynr mcpiatn pnt`gamih snor` hi sitmseiaamñg fhnoi
fhnoih.
h.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - :: -
o) _`h`vigami j`
j` his airiat`rãstmais2
airiat`rãstmais2 ugi j` his c`tis
c`tis j`h igéhmsms
igéhmsms `s mj`gtmemair
mj`gtmemair his airiat`rãstmais qu`
pu`jig t`g`r ugi mgehu`gami smfgmemaitmvi `g hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`, isã ancn su mcpnrtigami, qu`
pnjrãi p`rcmtmr i hi nrfigmziamñg a`gtrir sus `seu`rzns j` c`bnri `g his airiat`rãstmais ahiv`. Qm `h
igéhmsms sufm`r` qu` his airiat`rãstmais ang ihti mgehu`gami snor` hi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pnjrãig
kio`rs` pisijn pnr ihtn, pnjrãig mj`gtmemairs` c`jmigt` his mgv`stmfiamng`s iprnpmijis (pnr
`b`cphn, frupns j` jmsausmñg, n pr`fugtis iom`rtis). @h `e`atn j` tih`s airiat`rãstmais `g hi sitms-
eiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` j`o`rãi `vihuirs` `g `h smfum`gt` amahn j` c`jmamñg. His airiat`rãstmais mgjmvm-
juih`s qu` ancpng`g hi sitmseiaamñg fhnoih, y su mcpnrtigami r`hitmvi, pu`j`g aicomir ang `h
tm`cpn.
‑ kiy ug iuc`gtn
iuc`gtn `g hi sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`
ahm`gt` ang hns
hns prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi an
ancp`t`gami
cp`t`gami n
ancpirioh`4
‑ hi jme`r`gami
jme`r`gami j` pr`amn
pr`amn p`si cés qu` his c`bnris `g ntris airiat`rãstmais.
His r`pr`s`gtiamng`s fréemais sng ug c`jmn `emaiz j` cnstrir hi mgenrciamñg, y pu`j`g angsmj`rirs` ih
pr`s`gtir hns r`suhtijns, ang `h ipnyn j` jitns r`anpmhijns `g ig`xns.
@h ãgjma` j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pu`j` s`r ugi k`rricm`gti `emaiz piri r`ihmzir `h s`fumcm`gtn,
ancugmair y igihmzir `h j`s`cp`ùn j` hi nrfigmziamñg n j` sus isp`atns `sp`aãemans, ang r`sp`atn i hi
sitmseiaamñg
sitmseiaa mñg j`h ahm`gt`. @h ãgjma` j` sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` pu`j` s`r ug `h`c`gtn j`h ‘tioh`rn j`
j`h j`s`cp`ùn j` hi nrfigmziamñg, y ticomíg pu`j` s`r ug ancpng`gt` j`h smst`ci j` r`anc-
angtrnh– j`h
angtrnh–
p`gsi j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
- :0 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Ih mj`gtmemair ér`is j` c`bnri n ih r`anc`gjir iaamng`s `sp`aãemais, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi jir prmnrm-
jij i tritir his aiusis j` hi mgsitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`.
Hi nrfigmziamñg ticomíg j`o`rãi mgt`gtir `gt`gj`r his rizng`s j` hi jme`r`gami `gtr` hi aihmjij j`h
prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `sp`riji pnr `h ahm`gt`, y hi aihmjij j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn tih ancn hi
p`ramo` `h ahm`gt` (ancn cu`stri `h cnj`hn anga`ptuih j` hi emfuri O.9), y j`o`rãi tncir hns pisns
g`a`sirmns piri r`juamr `si jme`r`gami.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - :5 -
Ig`xn E (Mgenrcitmvn)
E.9 F`g`rihmjij`s
@st` ig`xn prnpnramngi nrm`gtiamñg i trivís j` `b`cphns snor` añcn pnjrãi utmhmzirs` hi sitmseiaamñg
j`h ahm`gt` piri angjuamr hi c`bnri j` hns prna`sns n j` hns prnjuatns y s`rvmamns j` hi nrfigmziamñg,
ancn s` pr`s`gtñ `g `h ipirtijn 6.0.
@B@C\HN 9 Hi mgenrciamñg pnjrãi jmrmfmrs` i hi ihti jmr`aamñg j` nrfigmziamng`s j`h s`atnr pòohman n prmvijn piri
iyujirhis `g hi enrcuhiamñg j` pnhãtmais n `strit`fmis.
@B@C\HN ? Hi mgenrciamñg pnjrãi jmrmfmrs` i his eugamng`s j` ancpris, sm `h igéhmsms mgjmai ihti
ihti sitmseiaamñg j`h
ahm`gt` isnamiji ang hi aihmjij n hi eugamngihmjij j` hns ancpng`gt`s ijqumrmjns j` prnv``jnr`s
`sp`aãemans.
@B@C\HN 1 Hi mgenrciamñg pnjrãi jmrmfmrs` i his v`gtis, sm hns jitns mgjmaig oibi sitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang `h
j`s`cp`ùn n hi iatmtuj j`h p`rsngih `g angtiatn jmr`atn n mgjmr`atn ang `h ahm`gt`, mgjmaigjn hi g`a`-
smjij j` ugi c`bnr enrciamñg.
@B@C\HN : Hi mgenrciamñg pnjrãi jmrmfmrs` i hi eugamñg j` snpnrt` ih prnjuatn, sm hns jitns mgjmaig oibi sitms-
eiaamñg j`h ahm`gt` ang hi v`hnamjij n hi aihmjij j` hi r`spu`sti i his p`tmamng`s j` iyuji j`h ahm`gt`.
@B@C\HN 0 Hi mgenrciamñg pnjrãi ancugmairs` i tnjns hns `cph`ijns ancn ug pisn kiami `h `genqu`
`genqu` ih ahm`gt`
y hi c`bnri j` hi nrfigmziamñg.
- :6 - PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9=
Hi mgenrciamñg not`gmji pu`j` mgjmair viaãns `g hi p`ra`pamñg j`h ahm`gt` snor` j` quí cig`ri s` kig
aucphmjn sus `xp`atitmvis r`sp`atn ih prnjuatn n s`rvmamn `gtr`fijn. Hñfmaic`gt` `h viaãn pu`j`
r`suhtir j` hn smfum`gt`.
‑ Hi nrfigmziamñg gn `gt`gjmñ
`gt`gjmñ om`g his `xp`atitmv
`xp`atitmvis
is j`h ahm`gt` y pnr `hhn `g
`gtr`fñ
tr`fñ ug prnjuatn
prnjuatn n
s`rvmamn pnr j`oibn j` his `xp`atitmvis. @g `st` aisn, hi nrfigmziamñg j`o`rãi c`bnrir `h prna`sn j`
`gt`gjmcm`gtn j` his `xp`atitmv
`xp`atitmvis
is y aucphmrhis.
‑ His `xp`atitmvis
`xp`atitmvis j`h prnjuatn
prnjuatn aicomirng,
aicomirng, `g `s` aisn hi nrfigmziamñg pu`j` angs
angsmj`rir
mj`rir c`bnrir hi
ne`rti j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn (airiat`rãstmais, enrciamñg, snpnrt`, `ta.)4 n `xphnrir ntrn usn u ntri
iphmaiamñg j`h prnjuatn n s`rvmamn.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
PG@-MQN 9<<<:2?<9= - :; -
Omohmnfrieãi
T?S MQN =<<:, F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij. Aihmjij j` ugi nrfigmziamñg. Nrm`gtiamñg piri hnfrir `h íxmtn
snst`gmjn..
snst`gmjn
T1S MQN 9<<<92?<9;, F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij. Qitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Jmr`atrma`s piri hns añjmfns j`
angjuati j` his nrfigmziamng`s.
nrfigmziamng`s.
T:S MQN 9<<<?2?<9;, F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij. Qitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Jmr`atrma`s piri `h triticm`gtn j`
his qu`bis `g his nrfigmziamng`s.
nrfigmziamng`s.
T0S MQN 9<<<12?<9;, F`stmñg j` hi aihmjij. Qitmseiaamñg j`h ahm`gt`. Jmr`atrma`s piri hi r`snhuamñg j`
angehmatns `xt`rgns i his nrfigmziamng`s
nrfigmziamng`s..
T;S DIGN G. `t ih. Ittriatmv` Yuihmty igj Cust-o` Yuihmty. Bnurgih ne tk` Bipig`s` Qnam`ty enr Yuihmty
Angtrnh.. 9=;:, 9: (?) pp. 1=‑
Angtrnh 1=‑:;.
@st` jnauc`gtn ki smjn ijqumrmjn pnr PGMU@_QMJIJ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH J@ HI _MNBI i trivís j` hi susarmpamñg i I@GN_cés.
\iri usn `g r`j mgt`rgi s` r`qum`r` j` iutnrmziamñg pr`vmi j` I@GN_.
\iri mgenrciamñg r`hiamngiji ang hi v`gti y jmstrmouamñg j` his gnrcis angtiat` ang2
I@GN_ MGZ@_GIAMNGIH Q.I.P.
Z`h.2 =9: 1?5 <<<
gnrcisLi`gnr.anc
www.i`gnr.anc