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LAB REPORT
Solid Mechanics 2

Reg # 3462
Section E
Submitted to Sir Zohaib
Experiment # 2 Lab Report

CONTENTS
 Title Of Experiment
 Objectives
 Brief Apparatus Description
 Figures Of Apparatus
 Theory background
 Procedure
 Observations And Calculations
 Data Analysis
 Results and Conclusions

To Find The Yield Strength And Ultimate Strength

of An Unknown Steel bar.
Experiment # 2 Lab Report

Objectives
1. To find the yield strength and ultimate strength of unknown steel
grade specimen.

2. To find the grade of the test steel specimen.

Apparatus Description

Universal Testing Machine A machine which is used to find

compressive and tensile stresses of materials. Its named after the fact
that it can perform many standard of compressive and tensile stresses
applied on different material.
The machine had two main parts

1. Loading Unit In this unit specimen is clamped and tensile or

compressive stresses are applied on it.
It consists of the following components.
 Table
 Columns
 Screws
 Upper and Lower Heads
 Upper and Lower Clamping Handles
 Upper and Lower Jaws
Experiment # 2 Lab Report

2. Control Unit This unit controls all the operations i-e

controlling jaws and load being applied.
This machine had two types of controls.
Manual controls and automatic control

Manual Control It controls the

 Hydraulic Pump motion
 Jaws Up n Down motion

Figures
Experiment # 2 Lab Report

Theory Background
Yield Strength It’s defined as ‘The stress at which the material
deforms plastically or permanently’.

Mathematical Form σY.S = Y.L¿ A

Ultimate Strength It’s defined as ‘The maximum stress a material

can bear or withstand without any rupture.

Mathematical Form σU.S = U.L¿ A

 Experiment # 2 Lab Report

Procedure
 Take an unknown steel bar, mark two point on it which are 8inces
apart from each other.
 Measure its diameter, take two to three readings to get a mean
value with the help of vernier caliper.
 Now clamp the steel bar in the loading unit such a way that the
gauge length is visible between the two heads.
 Now turn on UMT and apply loads on the steel bar.

 Start applying load till the peak value for yield load reaches the
peak, note the reading, now again start increasing applied load till
we get another peak value i.e. ultimate load and after which the
steel bar breaks.
 Take the broken bar and calculate change in length.

Observations and Calculations

Diameter Gauge Change Area Of Yield Ultimate Yield Ultimate Percentage

of Lengt In Specimen Load load , Stress, Stress , Elongation
Specimen h , Lo Length , A ,
,D , ΔL Y.L
U.L σY.S σU.S
inch Inch Inch Inch2 lb lb lb/inch2 lb/inch2 %
0.639 8 1.75 0.501 16491 25353 32916 50605 21.875

Data Analysis
G-40 G-60 G-75
Experiment # 2 Lab Report

Yield Strength 40,000Psi 60,000Psi 6

75,000Psi
Ultimate Strength 80,000Psi 90,000Psi 100,000Psi
Percentage 12% 9% 6%
Elongation

Results
Hence from the above calculations and data analysis, we concluded that
the given specimen is
G-40
Yield Stress = 32916 lb/inch2
Ultimate Stress = 50605 lb/inch2
Percentage Elongation = 21.875%

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