[TYPE

CE 221 LAB REPORT: TENSILE STRESS ON A

WELDED STEEL SPECIMEN
YOUR

NAME]
Laboratory
Test Report
,
PERFORMED

2015

AT THE STRUCTURES LAB,

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PNG University of Technology 22. 04.15

Under assistance of Mr C. Bafinu

SUBMITTED BY GROUP 4, BEMN-2

Members present:
COMPILED BY:
Course Coordinator: Dr. M. Betasolo
Tutor: Ms. G. Wantepe
2015

CE 221 LABORATORY REPORT

Tensile Strength Test on a Welded Steel Specimen
Objective:
1. To observe the stress-strain relationship pattern for steel in tension.
2. To observe the failure pattern for steel in tension.
3. To determine the value of Youngs Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity.
4. To determine the value of Tensile Strength or Tensile Stress.
5. To determine the value of Yield strength or Yield Stress.
6. To determine the value of Strain or the Elongation.
Apparatus:
1. Tokyo Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
2. Mechanical & electronic Extensometer
3. Venier caliper
4. Welded Steel Specimen
5. Meter Ruler
Procedure:
1. We measured the diameters of both ends and the center of the specimen, including
the diameter (or rather width) of the welded part of the specimen using the Venier
calipers. We then recorded the data on the data sheet.
2. We then took measurements of the entire length of the welded specimen, which will
be the original length of the specimen. We recorded the data on the data on sheet.
3. We noted the Gage Length.
4. The specimen then placed in the grips (by Mr Bafinu), and made sure that the
threaded ends of the grips were threaded completely onto pull rods and the
spherical seats were likewise threaded completely onto pull rods so as to assure that
the threads would not be stripped during the operation. The spherical seats ensure
that the loading will be purely tensile in nature and that no bending moments will
be induced.

5. We then attached the extensometer securely to the specimen.

Then the
extensometer cable was connected to the recorder. It was assumed that the testing
machine has been turned on. The extensometer was adjusted so that the drum in
the recorder is activated.
6. A small load was applied to the specimen and the extensometer was adjusted such
that at a small load, the read-out mechanism in the recorder is fully activated. The
loading dial drives the pen movement while the extensometer movement drives the
drum movement.
7. The tensile load was applied slowly and continuously (recorded every 10 KN) until
the maximum range of the recorder movement had been reached, or the maximum
load had been reached. The machine was stopped (but held the load) and we
removed the extensometer. The gage length of the specimenwas measured again,
using mechanical extensometer. The data was recorded in the data sheet.
8. The load was removed and we took simultaneous readings of deformation (using
the mechanical extensometer) and load until the maximum load had been reached.
We continued to load the specimen slowly to failure while taking additional
deformation readings. At this stage, a necked region in the specimen was visible
and the final fracture occured in this region. We recorded the maximum load and
breaking load. We also noted the Yield point.
9. We removed the broken specimen from the machine. We observed the location and
character of the fracture. The broken parts were fit together and we measured the
gage length. We also measured the diameter at the fracture, as well as the entire
length of the specimen again. We then recorded that data in the data sheet.

Data and Analysis

Stress:
The intensity of the force (that is, the force per unit area)
Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength.
It is the force on a member divided by area, which carries the force, formerly express
in N/mm2 or MPa.

Strain
Elongation per unit length
No units; Dimensionless

Modulus of Elasticity
E is a measure of materials stiffness or materials resistance to elastic deformation.
The greater the modulus, the stiffer the material or the smaller the elastic strain that
results from the application of a given stress.
Elastic deformation is non-permanent.

Formulae to be used in Calcuations:

Tensile Strength = [Max. Load] / [Original cross sectional area]
Yield Strength= [Yield Load] / [Original cross sectional area]
Elongation = [ (A) (B) ] / (B)
Where: A = increased gage length after testing
B = original gage length

3 Diameter Measurements:

Recorded Data
LOAD
(KN)

ELONGATIO
N (M)

STRESS
(KPA)

STRAIN

10

0.013

0.04967790

0.01793103

20

0.014

0.09935580

0.01931034

30

0.015

0.14903370

0.02068965

1
2

4
5

16.34 mm
15.93 mm

16.0133 mm

(avg)

15.57 mm

Welded Length
Front
Back
15.83 mm
13.61 mm
15.16 mm
16.34 mm
22.557 mm
24.66 mm
Overall Length of Weld: 92.01 mm
Initial Length of Specimen: 72.5 cm

40

0.016

0.19871160

0.02206896

50

0.017

0.24838950

0.02344827

60

0.018

0.29806740

0.02482758

70

0.019

0.34774530

0.02620689

80

0.02

0.39742320

0.02758620

90

0.021

0.44710111

0.02896551

100

0.022

0.49677901

0.03034482

110

0.024

0.54645691

0.03310344

120

0.035

0.59613481

0.04827586

127.5

0.05

0.63339324

0.06896551

5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4

6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
2
7

Values for Stress Force were generated using Microsoft Excel, however an example
will be shown as follows for the first 10 kNs:
Stress=Applied Load/ Cross-Sectional Area
=10000/(*(16.0133*1/2))
=0.04977901.kPa
Values for Strain Force were generated using Microsoft Excel as well, but an
example calculation will be shown as follows for the first 10 kNs:
Strain=Elongation/Original Length
=0.013/0.725
=0.017931
Yield Strength

=Yield Load/Cross-Sectional Area

=111kN/(*(16.0133*1/2))
=0.551145kPa

Elastic Modulus for the first 10 kNs

= 0.04977901/0.017931
=2.776142 kPa

Stress-Strain Graph of Plotted Values

Stress-Strain Graph
0.7
0.6
0.5

Stress (kPa)

Max Load:

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

Strain
Observations
Initially, the UTM was a little slow in starting up, but after thirty minutes or so it
began functioning as usual. One student sat in front to take readings from the
extensometer as the load was applied to the welded steel specimen. The elongation
was rather slow at first; about 1mm extension for evey 10kN. After the Yield point
(at 111 kN) elongation became more evident, extending in more than ten
millimeters for every ten kilo Newtons. Physical deformation started showing at
about 120 kN.

Evident Deformation at 120 kN

The steel specimen withstood the tensile force until the maximum load of 127.5 kN
had been applied. The specimen fractured, but not at the weld. This showed that the
weld performed was quite strong, and withstood the tensile force.
New Diameter at break (neck): 8.24 mm
Final Gauge Length: 91.73mm

Reference
Betasolo, L. M. (2015). Practical#1-Tensile [DOC}. Retrieved April 24, 2015 from
PNG Unitech Student Server (FTP).
Betasolo, L.M. (2015). Week 2-Deformation, Strength Characteristics [PPT}.
Retrieved April 24, 2015 from PNG Unitech Student Server (FTP).