Pronunciation - chapter two

2 ‫حل أسئلة نهاية تشابتر‬

‫سجاد إحسان قاسم‬:‫اعداد الطالب‬
Q-Define the following terms:
vocal cords: Two small bands of elastic tissue situated in the larynx, lying
opposite each other across the air passage.
the glottis: The opening (the gap) between the vocal cords.
glottal stops: The holding back of the compressed air followed by a sudden
release.
voice & voiceless sounds: voice sounds produce when you feel the vibration of
the vocal cords. Voiceless sounds produce when you don’t feel the vibration
of the vocal cords.
the palate: It forms the roof of the mouth and separates the mouth cavity
from the nose ( nasal) cavity.
the pharynx: It is above the larynx it is the space behind the tongue and
reaching up towards the nasal cavity.
hard palate: is immovable and fixed in position and it is the highest part of the
palate .It lies between the alveolar ridge and the beginning of the soft palate.
soft palate (the vellum): is a movable part of the palate. It can be raised and
lowered.
alveolar ridge: is that part of the gums immediately behind the upper front
teeth and the hard palate.
the tongue: is the most important of the organs of speech because it has the
greatest variety of movement.
teeth: They consist of upper and lower teeth. The two upper front teeth are
used to some extent in production of some speech sounds.
Blade of the tongue: It is being between the tip and the front ,it is moveable.
tip of the tongue: It is being the most forward part of all parts of the tongue,
it’s moveable.
 Q-Explain the four position of the vocal cords.
A\ They are two small bands of elastic tissue.

Q-Explain lip shapes.

A\ 1-Round ,Spread position and Neutral positions.

1-closed position in the production of /p,b,m/ 2-the lip-teeth position in the /f,v/
production . 3-spread position
Q-Explain parts of the tongue.
A\ Tip, blade, front, back and root.

Q-Explain parts of the palate.

A\ Hard palate, soft palate and alveolar ridge.

Q-How do we produce sounds?

A\ we speak with air from lungs. We draw it into lungs quickly and we
released it slowly and then interfere with its passage in various ways and at
various places.

Q-Differences between voice and voiceless sounds, differences between hard

and soft palate.

A\ 1- Differences between voice and voiceless sounds:

Voice sounds Voiceless sounds
There is a vibration in the vocal There isn’t a vibration in the vocal
cords. cords.
 2- Differences between hard and soft palate:
The hard palate The soft palate
1-It’s an immovable part. 1-it’s a movable part.
2-it’s fixed in position. 2-it can be raised and lowered.
3- It lies between the alveolar ridge and the beginning of the soft palate
Q-Why tongue is the most important organs of speech?
A\ Because it has the greatest variety of movement.

Q-Why alveolar ridge is important?

A\ because many of the consonant sounds are made with the tongue touching
or close to the alveolar ridge.

Q-Why upper front teeth important?

A\ Because without it we can’t produce sounds such as /Ө / and / ð/.
Upper front teeth important because are used to some extent in production of some
speech sounds.
Q-What are the kind of sounds produced when the soft palate is raised?
A\ When the soft palate is lowered sounds such as / k / and / g / are produced.

Q-What are the kind of sounds produced when the soft palate is lowered?
A\ When the soft palate is raised sounds such as /m/ , /n/ and \ŋ\ are produced.

Q-On What thing depend the height of the note?

A\ The height of the note depends on the speed of the opening and closing of
the vocal cords.

Q-What is the kind of sound called when the vocal cord vibrate ?
A\ It called voiced sounds.
Q-What is the kind of sound called when the vocal cord did not vibrate ?
A\ It called voiceless sounds.

Q-The opening (the gap) between the vocal cords is called ………..
A\ The glottis.

Q-We can breath , when the vocal cords (brought together, opened )

Q -In all languages we speak with air from ( the lungs , larynx , pharynx)