INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

Analysis of Stress and Strain

Lecture 9

Instructor: Prof. Umesh Kumar Sharma

Introduction

• Previous Chapters, the stresses were

found on cross-sections. Larger stresses
may exist on inclined sections.

• Use of stress Elements in a more

formalized manner.

• Transformation Equations

• Only one intrinsic stress state exists at

point in a stressed body. Situation
analogous to force vector.

• Stresses are tensors.

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Plane Stress

• Concept of Plane Stress. Exists on

surfaces of Stressed Objects.

• Cube or Rectangular Parrelepiped Stress

Element. Sign of faces.

• Plane Stress in XY plane.

• Symbols and sign conventions of normal

and shear stresses.

• Sign conventions for shear stresses are

consistent with equilibrium of element.
Shear stresses are complimentary in
nature.

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Stresses on Inclined Sections

• Consider new inclined stressed element

at the same location along new axes X1,
Y1, Z1.

• To calculate stresses in new orientation,

use wedge shaped element.

• Consider free body of wedge shaped

element in terms of forces.

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Stresses on Inclined Sections

• Equations of equilibrium for wedge shaped element in

X1 and Y1 directions.

• Using equality of shear stresses and also simplifying and

re-arranging:

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Stresses on Inclined Sections

• Transformation Equations for Plane Stress using

trigonometric identities:

• Transformation Equations are derived solely from

Equilibrium and thus are applicable to any material.
• Transformation equation in Y1 direction shall be:

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Typical Variation of Normal and Shear Stresses

Variation for a specific case where

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Special Cases of Plane Stress