Mechanical Engineering (Mechatronics) Department

Cairo Branch

Stress Analysis (ME 276)

Associate Prof. Ahmed El-Sawaf
• Office hours: Sunday and Tuesday 2nd slot (10.30-12.00)

• Text book:

R.C.Hibbeler, “Mechanics of Mechanics”, SI 9th Edition, Prentice Hall.

• Reference Books:

West "Fundamentals of Structural Analysis" John Wiley and Sons.

Gere and Timoshenko "Mechanics of Materials ", PWS. Publisher

Muvadi and Mcnabb "Engineering Mechanics of Materials",

Macmillan Pr

Beer and Johnson "Mechanics of Materials", McGraw Hill.

Benham, Crawford and Armstrong "Mechanics of Engineering

Materials", Prentice Hall.
 Course Outlines
• Introduction to the concept of stress and strain: Normal stresses and strains.
• Shear stresses, shearing strains and bearing stresses.
• Shear stresses and deformations due to torsion.
• Normal forces, shearing forces and bending moments in beams.
• Stresses due to bending.
• Stress and strain transformations: Introduction.
• Stress and strain transformations: Principal stresses and planes and Mohr's circle
of stress
• Maximum shear stress, yield criteria, analysis of strain.
• Analysis of stresses in thin walled and thick walled pressure cylinders.
• Stress concentration in machine elements.
• Experimental stress analysis: strain gauges.
• Deflection due to bending: Double integration
• Deflection due to bending: Strain energy and Castigliano's method.
• Buckling of columns: Euler equation.
• Buckling of columns: Eccentric loading of slender columns.
• Equipment's Design Considerations
• Mechanics of materials is is aa branch
study ofofthe
mechanics that
relationship
studies
betweenthethe internal
external effects
loads onofa stress andthe
body and strain in a
intensity
solid
of thebody thatloads
internal is subjected to an
within the external loading.
body.
• Stress is associated with the strength of the material
from which the body is made, while strain is a
measure of the deformation of the body.
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
• External Forces
• 1.Surface Forces
caused by direct contact of
other body’s surface
• 2.Body Forces
other body exerts a force
without contact
- Examples include the effects
caused by the earth’s gravitation
or its electromagnetic field
 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
• Support Reactions
• The surface forces that develop at the supports or
points of contact between bodies are called reactions
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
• Equations of Equilibrium
• Equilibrium of a body requires a balance of
forces and a balance of moments

• For a body with x, y, z coordinate system with

origin O,

• Best way to account for these forces is to draw the

body’s free-body diagram (FBD).
Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
• Internal Resultant Loadings.
In order to obtain the internal loadings acting on a
specific region within the body, it is necessary to pass
an imaginary section or “cut” through the region where
the internal loadings are to be determined.
 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body
• In general, there are 4 different types of
resultant loadings:
a) Normal force, N
b) Shear force, V
c) Torsional moment or torque, T
d) Bending moment, M
• If the body is subjected to a coplanar system
of forces then only normal-force, shear-force,
and bending-moment components will exist
at the section
• The resultant internal loadings at a point located on the section of a body can be
obtained using the method of sections. This requires the following steps.
• Support Reactions.
First decide which segment of the body is to be considered. If the segment has a
support or connection to another body, then before the body is sectioned, it will be
necessary to determine the reactions acting on the chosen segment. To do this draw
the free-body diagram of the entire body and then apply the necessary equations of
equilibrium to obtain these reactions.
• Free-Body Diagram.
Keep all external distributed loadings, couple moments, torques, and forces in their
exact locations , before passing an imaginary section through the body at the point
where the resultant internal loadings are to be determined.
Draw a free-body diagram of one of the “cut” segments and indicate the unknown
resultants N, V, M , and T at the section. These resultants are normally placed at
the point representing the geometric center or centroid of the sectioned area.
• Equations of Equilibrium.
• Moments should be summed at the section, about each of the coordinate axes
where the resultants act. Doing this eliminates the unknown forces N and V and
allows a direct solution for M (and T ).
• If the solution of the equilibrium equations yields a negative value for a
resultant, the directional sense of the resultant is opposite to that shown on the
free-body diagram.
• Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the cross
section at B of the pipe. The pipe has a mass of 2 kg/m and
is subjected to both a vertical force of 50 N and a couple
moment of 70 N·m at its end A. It is fixed to the wall at C.