INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

SOLID MECHANICS

Lecture 3-4-Mechanical Properties of Materials

Instructor: Prof. Umesh Kumar Sharma

Mechanical Properties

• Mechanical Properties – Aim and

Significance

• Understanding mechanical behavior

through Experiments

• Behavior under tension &

compression under static and

dynamic loading

• Load-displacement behavior

• Test Procedures are standardized

2
Stress-Strain Diagrams

• Significance – Characteristic of
a material
• Nominal & True Stresses,
Nominal and True Strains,
gauge Length

• Stress-strain for structural steel

under tension static loading

• Proportional limit, modulus of

elasticity, yield point, yielding,
strain hardening.

• Ductility

3
Tensile Stress-Strain Relationships for other
Materials

4
Ductility

Percentage Elongation = (L1 – Lo)/Lo

Percentage Reduction in Area = (Ao – A1)/Ao

5
Typical Stress-Strain Relationships under Compression

6
Elasticity and Plasticity

7
Linear Elasticity and Hooke’s Law

Hooke’s law for uni-axial Normal Stress Condition

in which
• σ is the axial stress,
• ε is the axial strain, and
• E is a constant of proportionality known as the modulus of elasticity for the material.

Hooke’s law in shear

• in which G is the shear modulus of elasticity

8
Poisson’s Ratio

• Definition and
Concept

• Units and Notation

• Typical values for

materials.

• In elastic and plastic

zones

• Limitations/assumpt
ions

9
Creep

10