Chapter 01

Q1) How to factorize a quadratic equation?

Step1) Multiply a and c.
Step2) Identify two numbers that gives the same product as a × c and adds
up to b.
Step3) Substitute the middle term for the two numbers.
Step4) Factorise the x 2 and the following x terms. Then, factorise the second
x term and the constant term.
Step5) Solve both factors for x.
Q2) How many ways can quadratic equations be solved?
1) Factorisation.
2) Completing the square.
3) The quadratic formula.
* Solving a problem involving a quadratic equation:

Q3) What are the special cases when solving quadratic equations?
1) The perfect square. There is only one solution. For example,
( x +3 ) ( x +3 )=0

2) Difference of two squares. For example:

2
x −25=0

3) The x 2 and the constant terms only. For example:

2
x −10=0

4) The x 2 and the x terms only. For example:

2
x + 5 x=0

*
Q4) What is the difference between quadratic equations and linear
equations?
Linear equations have only one solution. Whereas, quadratic equations can
have two solutions, one solution or no solutions.
Q5) What is the difference between quadratic inequality and linear
inequality?
The unknown variable of a linear inequality has a range of values within
one boundary. Whereas, the unknown variable of a quadratic inequality
has a range of values, but within two boundaries.
* Solving two quadratic inequalities:
Q6) What is the form of a quadratic expression when it is written in
completed-square form?
It is converted from a x 2 +bx+ c to ( x + p )2+ q where p and q are constants.
Q7) How to complete the square of 2 x2 −12 x +1as a ( x + p )2+ q ?
Step1) 2 ( x 2−6 x ) +1
Step2) Divide -6 by 2, square and add. 2 ( x 2−6 x+ 9 ) +1
Step3) Since 9 is being added inside the bracket, subtract it outside to
cancel.
2 ( x 2−6 x+ 9 ) +1−18

Step4) Substitute -3 for -6x + 9 and square the bracket.

2
2 ( x−3 ) −17

Q8) How to complete the square of 2 x2 −12 x +2 as ( x + p )2+ q ?

Step1) Divide each term by 2. x 2−6 x +1
Step2) ( x 2−6 x ) +1
Step3) Divide -6 by 2, square and add. ( x 2−6 x +9 ) +1
Step4) Since 9 is being added inside the bracket, subtract it outside to
cancel. ( x 2−6 x +9 ) +1−18
Step5) Substitute -3 for -6x + 9 and square the bracket. ( x−3 )2 −17

* Completing the square:

* Solving quadratic inequality by completing the square:

* When you cannot factorise a quadratic expression, use the quadratic

formula which is derived by completing the square of the general
quadratic equation.
* Recognizing and solving equations in x which are quadratic in some
function of x:

* The solutions of a quadratic equation are also called the roots of the
equation.

Q9) What does the discriminant of a quadratic equation indicate?

The number of solutions the equation has.
Q10) How to solve a pair of simultaneous equations of which one is linear
and one is quadratic?

Substitute either of the two equations for x or y and solve.

* Solving a pair of simultaneous equations where none of them are linear

and quadratic:
Q11) What are the graph properties of a quadratic function?
amakes the parabola thin as it increases and makes the parabola wide if it
decreases. If it is positive, the parabola opens upwards. If it is negative, it
opens downwards. If a < 0, the vertex has a maximum value. If a > 0, the
vertex has a minimum value.
b shifts the parabola left if it is positive and shifts the parabola right if
negative.
c shifts the parabola up if it is positive and shifts the parabola down if
negative.
Q12) How to find the minimum and maximum values?

* Solving a problem involving a quadratic equation:

Practice Questions 01: