Math Gr8 Qtr1 Module 5

8 Department of Education
National Capital Region

SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 5
Operation on Rational Algebraic Expression
Writer: Ferdinand B. Villegas

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo
1
City of Good Character
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
Hello Grade, 8 learners! In this module you will learn how to:
• Perform operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions. M8AL- Id-5

• Solve problems involving Rational Algebraic Expressions. M8AL-Id-2
You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. find the Least Common Denominator of two or more rational
expressions
2. express the given rational expressions to their equivalents with the
same denominators
3. recall mathematical operations involving rational number
4. perform addition and subtraction involving rational algebraic
expressions.
5. perform multiplication and division involving rational algebraic
expressions.
6. solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions.
What I Know
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
2 2
1. What is the least common denominator of 3
and 2 ?
5x 7x
A. 35x 3
B. 35x 5
C. 35x 2
D. 35x
3x 5
2. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression and 2 ?
9y 7y
20 x 45
A. 2
and B. 21xy and 40 C. 21xy2 and 45 2 D. 21xy and 45 2
64 y 64 y 2 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y
5n 3n
3. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression and ?
8m 2m2
5n 12nm 5nm 12n 5n 12nm 5nm 12n
A. 2
and B. and 2 C. and D. and
8m 8m2 8m 2
8m 8m 8m 8m 8m
1
1 3 3
4. If we have , , , what is their equivalent fraction?
y 2 y 3y2
1 9 1 9y 1 9y 3 9y 1
A. , , 2 B. y 2 , 2 , 2 C. 1, 2 , 2 D. 1, 2 , 2
y 6y y 6y y 6y y 6y y
1 2
5. If we have , , what is their Least Common Denominator?
x −1 x + 3
2
A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x + 3)

B. ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 3) D. ( x − 1)( x + 3)
1 2x
6. What is the sum of the rational algebraic expression and ?
x+2 x+2
1 1 + 2x 2x 1 + 2x
A. B. C. D.
( x + 2) 2
x+2 ( x + 2) 2
( x + 2)2
4m − 6 n 2m
7. What is the difference of and 2 ?
3m 6m
4m − 6n − 1 4m − 6n + 1 4m + 6n + 2 4m + 6n + 1
A. B. C. D.
3m 3m 3m 3m
4 2
8. What is the sum of the rational algebraic expression and 2 ?
9 x2 9x
2 1 6 2
A. B. C. D.
3x 2 3x 2 18 x 4 3x 4
2 1
9. What is the sum of and ?
6x 6x
1 3 1 1
A. B. C. D.
2x 6x 4x 2x 2
x2 25
10. What is the difference between and ?
x+5 x+5
x 2 − 25 x −5 x 2 − 25
A. B. x − 5 C. D. 2
x+5 x+5 x + 25
2n 3 14
11. What is the quotient of the rational algebraic expression and 5 ?
2 7n
8
11 n 5
A. 28n3 B. C. D.
n 2 18n5
v +1 3v + 3
12. What is the quotient of and ?
v −3 v −1
3 v −1 3
A. B. 2 C. D.
(v − 3) 2
3(v − 3) v −3
2
16 x 6x
13. What is the product of the rational algebraic expressions 4
and ?
5x 10 x
9x 48
a. 6x b. c. d. x
2 25x3
2n 10n
14. What is the product of and ?
6n 12
5n 5 7 10
a. b. c. d.
18 3 17n 12n
x2 25
x+5 x+5
x2 x −5 x 2 − 25
a. b. x − 5 c. d. 2
25 x+5 x + 25
16. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence for “four decreased by a
number x divided by five more than thrice a number x”?
x−4 4− x 4− x 4+ x
A. B. C. D.
3x + 5 5 + 3x 5+ x 5 + 3x
17. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence for “the difference of
fifteen and twice a number y divided by the sum of twenty and thrice a
number x”?
20 − 3 y 15 + 2 y 20 + 3 y 15 − 2 y
A. B. C. D.
15 + 2 x 20 − 3x 15 − 2 x 20 + 3x
18. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence for “the sum of twelve
and thrice a number y divided by the sum of nine and thrice a number
x”?
12 − 3 y 12 + 3 y 12 − 3 y 12 − 3 y
A. B. C. D.
9 + 2x 9 + 3x 9 + 3x 9 + 2x
19. In a birthday party, Jenny ate one-third of the cake. Robert ate one
fourth of the cake more than jenny. What fraction of the cake is eaten
by Robert?
12 2 11 7
A. B. C. D.
11 12 12 12
20. Joni can clean the house in 3 times as fast as Badeth, it takes them 4
hours to finish the work? How long would it take if Badeth will clean the
house alone?
2 2 1 1
A. B. 4 C. D. 5
3 3 3 3
3
Lesson 1. LEAST COMMON DENOMINATOR
What’s In
A. Find the least common multiple of the following set of numbers using
Venn diagram. Write the prime factors of the first number in the blue
circle. Write the prime factors of the second number in the green circle.
Then, write their common multiples in the middle of the intersecting
circle.
EXAMPLE:
15,75
15 = 3 x 5
75 = 3 x 5 x 5
LCM = 3x5x5 = 75
1. 12,24
2. 10,45
3. 36,42
B. Directions:
Help Ferdy find his way to school. Find the least common denominator
of the following pairs of fractions.
4
What’s New
Now that you know how to find the least common multiple (LCM) and
the least common denominator (LCD). Our next task is to include algebraic
expression in looking for LCM of the denominator or LCD. What does it
mean? This includes a fraction combined with variable or sometimes it
includes operation.
Now let’s have a simple activity. You will make your own strips of fraction.
Materials:
• Construction paper or colored paper
• Scissors
• Stapler or glue
• Ruler
Instructions:
1. Prepare your colored or construction paper.
2. Using a ruler, measure and cut 6 pieces of 2 inches x 10 inches
(different colors) of colored or construction paper as shown on the
figure below.
3. Using your scissors, divide or cut the colored or construction paper
following the yellow dashed lines on the given examples below. Follow
step number 3 instruction for the remaining colored or construction
paper.
4. Cut the 2 inches x 10 inches colored or construction paper given the
following measurements.
• Green 1 whole - 2 inches x 10 inches, 1 pc
• blue for halves - 2 inches x 5 inches, 2 pcs
• red for quarters - 2 inches x 2.5 inches, 4 pcs
• yellow for fifths - 2 inches x 2 inches, 5 pcs
• violet for eighths – 2 inches x 1.25 inches, 8 pcs
• brown for tenths - 2 inches x 1 inch, 10 pcs
Example: for blue colored paper for red colored paper
5
Based on this activity, answer the following questions.
1. How many quarters are there in 1/2?
2. How many eighths are there in 3/4?
3. How did it help you in identifying measurement as part of a whole?
What is It
Least Common Denominator
The least common denominator (LCD) of two or more rational
expressions is the least common multiple (LCM) of the denominators of the
rational expressions.
Steps in finding the LCD.
a) Write the denominator as product of prime factors.
b) Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators.
(When the same factor is present in the denominator of each
rational expression, get the factor with the highest exponent.) The
product of these factors is the Least Common Denominator.
c) Write the rational expression as equivalent fraction.
3 4
2
Example 1: Get the LCD of 6x and 18x
Step 1: Write the denominator as product of prime factors of 6x and
18x.
6x = 2 • 3 • x • x
18x = 2 • 3 • 3 • x
Step 2: Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators. (When the
same factor is present in more than one denominator, get the
factor with the highest exponent). The product of these factors
is the least common denominator.
LCD = 2 • 3 • 3 • x • x = 18 x 2
3 3 9
• =
6 x 3 18 x 2
2
4 x 4x
• =
18 x x 18 x 2
6
Step 3: Write the rational expression as equivalent fraction.
9 4x
,
18 x 18 x 2
2
3 4
Therefore, the Least Common Denominator of 2
and
6x 18x
is 18x2
3n 2n
Example 2: Get the LCD of and
5(n + 1) n+5
Step 1: Write the denominator as product of prime factors of 5n + 5
and n + 5
5(n + 1) = 5 • (n + 1)
n + 5 = (n + 5)
Step 2: Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators.
When the same factor is present in more than one
denominator, get the factor with the highest exponent. The
product of these factors is the LCD.
LCD = 5 • (n + 1) • (n + 5) = 5(n + 1)(n + 5)

3n (n + 1) 3n(n + 1)
• =
5(n + 1) (n + 1) 5(n + 1)(n + 1)
2n 5(n + 1) 10n(n + 1)
• =
(n + 5) 5(n + 1) 5(n + 1)(n + 5)
3n(n + 1) 10n(n + 1)
and
5(n + 1)(n + 1) 5(n + 1)(n + 1)
3n 2n
Therefore, the Least Common Denominator of and
5(n + 1) n+5
is 5 • (n + 1) • (n + 5) = 5(n + 1)(n + 5)
x −5 x+4
Example 3: Get the LCD of and
x+3 x −3
and n + 5
x + 3 = ( x + 3)
x − 3 = ( x − 3)
7
Step 2: Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators. When the
same factor is present in more than one denominator, get the factor
with the highest exponent. The product of these factors is the LCD.
LCD = ( x + 3) • ( x − 3) = ( x + 3)( x − 3)
x − 5 ( x − 3) ( x − 5)( x − 3)
• =
( x + 3) ( x − 3) ( x + 3)( x − 3)
x + 4 ( x + 3) ( x + 4)( x + 3)
• =
( x − 3) ( x + 3) ( x − 3)( x + 3)
( x − 5)( x − 3) ( x + 4)( x + 3)
and
( x + 3)( x − 3) ( x − 3)( x + 3)
x −5 x+4
Therefore, the Least Common Denominator of and
x+3 x −3
is ( x + 3)( x − 3)
x +1 x+2
Example 4: Get the LCD of 2 and
x − 3x − 4 3x + 3
and n + 5
x 2 − 3x − 4 = ( x − 4)( x + 1)
3 • ( x + 1) = 3( x + 1)
Step 2: Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators.

When the same factor is present in more than one
denominator, get the factor with the highest exponent. The
product of these factors is the LCD.
LCD = 3 • ( x + 1)( x − 4) = 3( x + 1)( x − 4)

x +1 3 3( x + 1)
• =
( x + 1)( x − 4) 3 3( x + 1)( x − 4)
x + 2 ( x − 4) ( x + 2)( x − 4)
• =
3( x + 1) ( x − 4) 3( x + 1)( x − 4)
3( x + 1) ( x + 2)( x − 4)
and
3( x + 1)( x − 4) 3( x + 1)( x − 4)
Therefore, the Least Common Denominator of x +1 x+2

and
x 2 − 3x − 4 3x + 3
is 3( x + 1)( x − 4)
8
What’s More
Guess What!
“Marikina is known in this kind of product, Do you know what it is?”
We have two sets of activities. You will choose each correct answer on
the given below. Once you complete these two activities you are going to
decode the letters.
Find the least common denominator (LCD) of the following rational
expression.
DECODE:
Marikina is popularly known in making this kind of product, Do you know what
it is?
What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks.
The least common denominator (LCD) of two or more rational
expressions is the least common multiple (LCM) of the denominators of the
rational expressions.
Steps in finding the LCD.
a) Write the denominator as_________ of prime factors.
b) Take the _______ that occurs in all the ___________.
(When the same factor is present in the denominator of each
rational expression, get the factor with the highest exponent.) The
product of these factors is the Least Common Denominator.
c) Write the rational expression as _________ fraction.
9
What I Can Do
On the example image below. You are going to make your own Least
Common Denominator Maze.
Instructions:
1. Make your own maze with labels of
start and finish icons. Use any
rectangular shapes or boxes to
enclose the fractions.
2. The maze must have 10 pairs of
rational numbers.
3. Once you’re done, double check your
answers.
Example:
RUBRICS:
CRITERIA 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Clarity The Least Common The Least The Least The Least
(20%)
Denominator maze Common Common Common
is clearly and neatly Denominator Denominator Denominator
labelled, very well maze is clearly maze is clear. maze need
constructed. and neatly some revision.
labelled.
Data and The data in the The data in the The data in the The data in the
Corectnes
table are 96-100% table are 85-95% table are 75-84% table is not
s (50%)
correct, well correct, correct, is reliable reliable and/or
organized, reliable organized, and easy to read. cannot be read.
and easy to read. reliable and easy
to read.
Design The project has The project has The project has The project has
and
unique and unique and common and common design
Creativity
(15%) outstanding improved design. improved design.
improved design.
Neatness The output The output The output The output
and
presented is neat, presented is presented is presented is not
Attractiven
ess (15%) clear and organize. neat, and organize and well organize and/or
It is well designed organize. It is designed. has common
well designed design
10
Assessment
Choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
3 2
and 3 ?
5x 7x
3 5 4 2
A. 35x B. 35x C. 35x D. 35x
3x 5
2. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression 3 and 2 ?
9y 7y
2
21x 45 y 21xy 45 21xy 45 y 21xy 45
A. 3
and 3
B. and C. 2
and 2
D. 2
and
63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 2
2 3
3. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression and ?
x x+2
3x 2( x + 2) 2( x + 2) 3x
A. and C. and
x( x + 2) x( x + 2) x( x + 2) x( x + 2)
3( x + 2) 2x 3x 2( x + 2)
B. and D. and
( x + 2) ( x + 2) x( x + 2) x( x + 2)
2 1 3
4. If we have , , , what is their equivalent fraction?
3 y 4 y 4 y2
8 3y 9 8 3y 9
A. 2
, 2
, 2
C. , ,
12 y 12 y 12 y 12 12 y 12 y 2
2
8y 3y 9 2 9y 1
B. 2
, 2
, 2
D. , ,
12 y 12 y 12 y 3 12 y 12 y 2
2
1 2
x −1 x + 3
2
A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 3)

B. ( x + 1)( x + 3) D. ( x − 1)( x + 3)
Lesson 2. Addition and Subtraction of Rational Algebraic Expression
What’s In
A. Perform the indicated operation. Shade the appropriate region to
represent the fraction then count the number of shaded part for
11
addition and for subtraction .Count the remaining part to represent
your final answer. Reduce to lowest term if necessary.
2 2
Ex. Addition 5 + 5 4
5
7 2
Ex. Subtraction − 5
8 8
8
3 1 ____________
1. +
4 4
8 3 ____________
2. −
9 9
2 3 ____________
3. +
7 7
Questions:
1. How did you add two rational numbers with the same denominator?
2. How did you subtract two rational numbers with the same
denominator?
3. Based on your answer in numbers 1 and 2, state the rule in addition
and subtraction of rational numbers with the same denominators.
B. Find the sum and difference of the following algebraic expression using
algebra tiles.
The figure below represents the algebraic value in each Tile. The
green, blue and yellow ones are the positive values, while the red ones
are all negative values.
Ex.
Answer: 3x2 + x - 2
12
1. _______________
Answer:
2. ________________
Answer:
3. ________________
Answer:
What’s New
You encounter rational number in your daily lives. For example when
your parent buy some foods in the market, the concepts of fraction is applied
in buying ½ kg of fish, ¾ kg of meat and others.
Word problem Total weight in
kg (kilogram)
1. ½ kg of brown sugar and 1 kg of glutinous rice 1 1/2 kg
2. 1 kg of milk fish, ¼ kg of tomatoes, ¼ kg of
onion, ¼ kg of ginger
3. ¾ kg of pork, 1 kg of chicken, ¼ kg of ground
pork
4. 1 kg of mangoes, 1 kg of oranges, 1 ½ kg of
grapes
5. ¼ kg of garlic, ¼ kg of onion, ½ kg tomatoes,
½ kg of carrots and ½ kg of potatoes
13
What is It
Addition and Subtraction of Rational Algebraic Expression with the
same denominators
The concept of addition and subtraction of rational algebraic
expression is similar to addition and subtraction of fractions. Finding the least
common denominator is an essential knowledge in this process.
Steps:
1. Add or subtract the numerators,
2. Copy the common denominator
3. Express your answer in simplest form.
Examples:
5 2 31 1
1. − = =
6y 6y 26y 2y
5 7 12 ( 4 )( 3)
2. + = =
3x 3x 3x 3x
4
=
x
2x 2y 2x + 2 y
3. + =
x+ y x+ y x+ y
2( x + y)
=
x+ y
=2
7x 2x 7 x − 2x
4. − =
5x − 2 5x − 2 5x − 2
5x
=
5x − 2
5.
x−6
+ 3
2x − 3
=
( x − 6 ) + ( 2 x − 3)
2x − 4x − 6x 2x − 4x − 6x
3 2 2
2 x3 − 4 x 2 − 6 x
3x − 9
= 3
2 x − 4 x2 − 6 x
3( x − 3)
=
2 x( x − 3)( x + 1)
3
=
2 x( x + 1)
14
Addition and Subtraction of Rational Algebraic Expressions with
Different Denominators
Steps:
1. Express the dissimilar rational algebraic expressions into similar
rational algebraic expressions by finding the least common
denominator (LCD).
2. Add or subtract the numerators and copy the common denominators.
3. Express your answer in simplest form.
Examples:
2 x 3 y 8x 15 y Find the LCD
1. + = +
5 4 20 20 Change to similar
fractions
8 x + 15 y
=
20
x x +1 x(x + 3) (x + 1)(x − 2) Find the LCD
2. + = +
x − 2 x + 3 (x − 2)(x + 3) (x − 2)(x + 3) Change to
similar fractions
x 2 + 3x x2 − x − 2
= +
( x − 2 )( x + 3) ( x − 2 )( x + 3)
Combine similar
terms.
2 x2 + 2 x − 2
= or Simplify.
( x − 2 )( x + 3)
=
(
2 x2 + x −1 )
( x − 2)( x + 3)
2 x2 + 2 x − 2
=
x2 + x − 6
5x 4 5x 4( x + y)
3. − = −
( x − y)
2
x − y ( x − y ) ( x + y) ( x − y ) ( x + y)
5x 4x + 4 y
= −
( x − y) ( x − y)
2 2
x + 4y
=
( x − y)
2
15
x −1 2x − 3
4. − 2
2 x − 5x − 3 x − 8 x + 15
2
x −1 2x − 3
= −
( 2 x + 1)( x − 3) ( x − 5)( x − 3) Find the LCD
Change to
=
( x − 1)( x − 5) − ( 2 x − 3)( 2 x + 1) similar
fractions
( 2 x + 1)( x − 3)( x − 5) ( 2 x + 1)( x − 3)( x − 5)
x2 − 6x + 5 4x2 − 4x − 3
= −
( 2 x + 1)( x − 3)( x − 5) ( 2 x + 1)( x − 3)( x − 5)
x2 − 6 x + 5 − 4 x2 − 4 x − 3
= Combine
2 x3 − 15 x 2 + 22 x + 15 similar
terms.
−4 x 2 − 2 x + 8
=
2 x3 − 15x 2 + 22 x + 15 Simplify.
What’s More
A. Simplify each of the following rational expressions. Find each answer
at the bottom of the page. When you finish, decode letters that answer
the question below.
5 3 12 8 2 x
1. + 2. − 3. +
2x 2x 8x 8x x+2 x+2
3x − 2 y 6 x + 5 y 5x
−
5y
+
5. x − y x − y
2 4 8
4. 6 x 6x 6. + +
7x 7x 7x
1 x
7. +
x −1 x −1
Decode: What is the world’s most perfectly formed volcano located
here in the Philippines which is known for its symmetry?
M A I M H S E O T N Y R
8 2 2 1+ x 4 x -1 5 3x + y 2+ x 1 1
2x x x −1 x 2 2x x+2 2x x− y
16
What I Have Learned
1. In addition or subtraction of rational algebraic expressions with the
same ____________, simply add or subtract the __________,
copy the __________denominator and express the answer to
_________ form.
2. In addition or subtraction of rational algebraic expressions with
dissimilar ____________, express the rational algebraic
expressions with ________ denominator. This can be done by
finding the ____________________.
What I Can Do
Make a Marikina Treasure Map. Use the different landmarks in

Marikina City. Formulate one problem for each landmark involving addition
and subtraction of rational algebraic expression on the treasure map.
Content The treasure The treasure The The treasure
(50%) map is well map is well treasure map is
organized, organized, map is incorrectly
correctly correctly correctly labelled. Not
labelled, correct labelled. labelled. organized.
information.
Design The project has The project The project The project has
and unique and has unique has common design
Creativity
(30%) outstanding and improved common
improved design. and
design. improved
design.
Neatness The output The output The output The output
and presented is presented is presented presented is not
Attractive
ness
neat, clear and neat, and is organize organize and/or
(20%) organize. It is organize. It is and well has common
well designed well designed designed. design
17
Assessment
the correct answer.
5 2
4x 6x
19
21 13 32
A. B. C. D. 12x
6x 8x 48x
3x + 1 2x
x+2 x+2
3x + 1 5x + 1 2x + 3 1 + 2x
A. B. C. D.
( x + 2)2 x+2 ( x + 2)2 ( x + 2)2
2 1
3. What is the sum of 2
and ?
6x 6x
3 3 2+ x 2+ x
2 2
A. 6x B. 6 x C. 6 x D. 6 x
x2 36
4. What is the difference of and ?
x+6 x+6
x 2 − 36
A. B. x − 5 C. x − 6 D.
x+6
x 2 − 36
x 2 + 36
5. What is the simplified form of the difference between
x2 − 4x + 4 2
and ?
x −4
2
x−2
2 x( x − 6) ( x − 6) 2( x − 6) x( x − 6)
A. B. C. D.
( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2)
18
Lesson 3. Multiplication and Division of Rational Algebraic Expression
What’s In
LITTLE - BIG TRIANGLE PUZZLE!
Find the quotient and product of each given rational number. Then, arrange
the triangle puzzle into one big triangle.
Note: You may use widget application to make the puzzle.
A. C.
B. D.
What’s New
We encounter rational number in our everyday lives. Now, look at the picture.
Describe what you see.
1. If four workers can do the job in four
days, what will happen if one of the
workers is injured?
2. What will happen if there are more
than four workers that will do the job?
3. Do you think that the number of days
to finish the job will be affected if each
worker will do the job faster? Slower?
Explain your answer.
"Construction Workers" by EvertsPhotos is licensed under CC BY-
NC-ND 2.0
19
What is It
In multiplication of rational algebraic expressions, the same concept
applies as the rule of multiplying fractions.
a c ac
In symbol: • = such that b ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0.
b d bd
Steps to follow:
1. Write the numerator and denominator in factored form and simplify
if necessary.
2. Multiply the numerators of the rational expressions to get the new
numerator.
3. Multiply the denominators of the rational expressions to get the new
denominator.
4. Simplify the resulting rational expression if necessary.
Illustrative examples:
2 5 10
1. • =
3 7 21
21x 4 12 252 x 4
2. • 7 =
8 7x 56 x7
1st method:
21x 4 12 252 x 4
• 7 =
8 7x 56 x7
252 x 4 28 x 4
= 
56 x7 28 x 4
9
= 3
2x
2nd method:
21x 4 12 ( 3)( 7 ) ( x ) ( 3)( 4)
4
• 7 = •
8 7x ( 2 )( 4 ) 7 ( x4 )( x3 )
9
=
2x 3
2 x + 2 x + 2 2( x + 1) x + 2
3. • = •
x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
20
2( x + 2)
=
x +1
2x + 4
=
x +1
4. 2
x+2
• 2
x2 + x − 6
=
x+2
•
( x + 3)( x − 2)
x + 4 x + 3 2 x + 5 x + 2 ( x + 3)( x + 1) ( 2 x + 1)( x + 2 )
x−2
=
( x + 1)( 2 x + 1)
x−2
= 2
2 x + 3x + 1
x 2 + 6 x + 9 x 2 + 2 x + 1 ( x + 3)( x + 3) ( x + 1)( x + 1)
5. • = •
x 2 + x − 6 x 2 + 2 x + 3 ( x + 3)( x − 2) ( x + 3)( x + 1)
x +1
=
x−2
In division of rational algebraic expression same concept applies as the

rule of dividing fractions.
a c a d ad
In symbol:  = • = such that b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0.
b d b c bc
Steps to follow:
1. Copy the dividend and get the reciprocal of the divisor
2. Change the division operation to multiplication.
3. Proceed to multiplication of rational algebraic expression.
Illustrative examples:
6 4
1. 
10 5
1st method:
6 4 6 5
 = •
10 5 10 4
30 3
= =
40 4
3
=
4
21
2nd method:
6 4 6 5
 = •
10 5 10 4
(2)(3) 5
= •
(2)(5) (2)(2)
3
=
4
2
13a 39a 2 13a 2 5b 1
2. 2
 = 2
• 2
=
20b 5b 20b 39a 12b
4b 3
x+2 x −4
2
x + 2 ( x − 2)( x + 2)
3. 2  = •
x − 2 x 2 x + 4 x( x − 2) 2( x + 2)
x+2
=
x
x − 8 x + 15 x − 7 x + 10 ( x − 5)( x − 3) ( x − 2 )( x − 2 )
2 2
4.  = •
x 2 − 5 x + 6 x 2 − 4 x + 4 ( x − 3)( x − 2 ) ( x − 5 )( x − 2 )
=1
What’s More
A. Find the product and quotient of each rational algebraic expression by
playing domino. In each domino tile you are going to perform the given
operation and look for the answer on the other end of the domino tile.
Do-Me-Now!
1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
22
What I Have Learned
Sequencing:
A. Arrange the steps in multiplying rational expression by writing numbers
1 to 4 on the space provided for.
Steps to follow:
______Multiply the denominators of the rational expressions to get
the new denominator.
______Simplify the resulting rational expression if necessary.
______Multiply the numerators of the rational expressions to get
the new numerator.
______Write the numerator and denominator in factored form and
simplify if necessary.
B. Arrange the steps in dividing rational expression by writing numbers

from 1-6 to the space provided for.
Steps to follow:
______Multiply the numerators of the rational expressions to get
the new numerator.
______Simplify the resulting rational expression if necessary.
______Change the division operation to multiplication.
______Multiply the denominators of the rational expressions to get
the new denominator.
______Write the numerator and denominator in factored form and
simplify if necessary.
______Copy the dividend and get the reciprocal of the divisor.
What I Can Do
Find My Square!!!
Materials: Example:
• Cartolina any color.
• Pencil and eraser
• Scissors
• Ruler
Instruction:
1. Using a ruler measure 8 inches x 8 inches square in your cartolina
23
2. Using ruler and pencil, construct diagonal lines, horizontal lines and vertical
lines. As shown in the example figure.
3. Write 8 different multiplication and division process involving rational
algebraic expressions and answer each. (four multiplication and four division)
4. After filling up all triangles, use scissors to cut all triangles inside the big
square,
5. Using the 8 triangle to construct the original square.
RUBRICS:

Correctness The answers in the The answers in The answers in the The answers in
(50%) puzzle are 96- the puzzle are puzzle are 75-84% the puzzle are
100% correct 85-95% correct, correct below 75% correct
Design and The project has The project has The project has common The project has
Creativity unique and unique and and improved design. common design
(30%) outstanding improved design.
improved design.
Neatness and The output The output The output presented is The output
Attractiveness presented is neat, presented is organize and well presented is not
(20%) clear and organize. neat, and designed. organize and/or
It is well designed organize. It is has common
well designed design
Assessment
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
12x x4
1. What is the product of 2 and ?
x 6 x2
12 x 12 x
A. B. 6x C. 2x D.
6x 6 x2
4n 12m
2. What is the quotient of the rational algebraic expression 3
and 4 ?
3m 8n
5
8n 4n 5
A. 28n3 B. 4
C. D.
9m 8m 18n5
25x 6x
3. What is the product of the rational algebraic expression 3
and ?
5x 18x 2
A. 6x B. 5 2 C. 48 3 D. 252
3x 25x 3x
4 x + 20 x
2
6x
4. What is the simplified answer of the product of and ?
6x 2
x2 6x x2 + 5x
A. B. C. D. 2 x( x + 5)
6x 2 6x
24
x 2 + 10 x + 25 x+5
x − 10 x + 21
2
x −3
A. x + 5 b. x + 5 c. x − 4 d. x − 5
x+7 x−7 x−3 x+3
Lesson 4. Problems Involving Rational Algebraic Expression
What’s In
Phrase and Expression…
A. Choose the verbal phrases in Column A that corresponds to the rational
expressions in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. The sum of two-third and three-fourth of a number x. A. x
6− y
2. The quotient of a number x and 6 less than a number y B. 2 3
+ x
3 4
3. Twice a number y divided thrice a number x 2y
C.
3x
What’s New
In the midst of COVID-19 pandemic, DepEd planned to use different
teaching-learning modalities for the continuing education in the new normal.
One of the teaching modalities is the modular approach in which printed
modules will be given out to the students.
If the schools are required to print the modules and one of their printing
machines can print the modules in Math 8 for 300 students in 6 hours and
modern printer can print the same number of copies in 4 hours. How many
hours will it take to print the modules if both printers will be used?
Guide Questions:
1. What is being ask in the problem?
2. Represent the statement “The school’s printing machine can print the
modules in Math 8 for 300 students in 6 hours”.
25
3. Represent the statement “The modern printer can print the modules in
Math 8 for 300 students in 4 hours”.
4. How many hours will it take to print the same number of copies when
both machine will be used?
What is It
Rational algebraic expressions is a tool that can be used in
representing and solving problems in real life situations.
Steps:
1. Read, understand and visualize the problem
2. Represent the given numbers and variables
3. Translate the given numbers and variables into an equation
4. Solve for the given numbers and variables into an equation
Illustrative example:
In the midst of COVID-19 pandemic, DepEd planned to use different
teaching-learning modalities for the continuing education in the new normal.
One of the teaching modalities is the modular approach in which printed
modules will be given to the students.
If the schools are required to print the modules and one of their printing
machine can print the modules in Math 8 for 300 students in 6 hours and
modern printer can print the same number of copies in 4 hours. How many
hours will it take to print the modules if both printers will be used?
Solution:
1st: Read, understand and visualize
2nd: Represent
Part done / hour Time Part done by each printer
Printing 1 x 1
x
machine 6 6
Modern printer 1 x 1
x
4 4
rd
3 : Translate the equation
Part done Part done by Part done by 2
by printing modern printing machine
machine printer in 1 hour
26
1 1
x + x = 1
6 4
4th: Solve the Equation.
We have:
(12 ) 
1 1
 x + (12 )   x = (12 )(1)
Multiplying by the LCD (12)
6 4
2x + 3x = 12
5x = 12
12 2
x = or 2
5 5
12 2
Therefore, it takes or 2 hours to finish the same number of copies
5 5
when both machines work together.
Illustrative example:
If the schools are required to print the modules and one of their
modern printing machine can print the modules in Math 8 for 300 students in
3 hours and if the two printer will be both used it took them 2 hours to print the
modules. How many hours will it take if the other printer will be used to print
the modules.
Solution:
1st: Read, understand and visualize
2nd: Represent
Part done / hour Time Part done by each printer
Printing machine 1 2 1
2
x x
Modern printer 1 2 1
2
3 3
3rd: Translate the equation
Part done Part done by Part done by 2
by printing modern printing machine
machine printer in 1 hour
1 1
2 + 2 = 1
x 3
27
4th: Solve the Equation.
We have:
1 1
( )(2) + ( )(2) = 1
x 3
2 2
(3x)( ) + (3x)( ) = 1(3x) Multiplying by the LCD (3x)
x 3
6 + 2 x = 3x
6 = 3x − 2 x
6= x
x=6
Therefore, it takes x = 6 hours for the other printer to print the modules
alone.
What’s More
Solve each of the following problems.
1. Jericho and Michael worked in one of the hospitals in Marikina. Ryan
can clean the ambulance in 8 hours. If Bert helped him, it took only 3
hours. Find how long it would take Bert to do it alone?
2. Rose can clean the house in 3 times as fast as Audrey, it takes them 4
hours to finish the work? How long would it take if Audrey will clean the
house alone?
3. In a mural painting contest, Belle can finish painting the wall in 12
hours. Nico can finish the same wall in 18 hours, how long will it take
them if Belle will work together with Nico?
What I Have Learned

Question form:
Sequencing:
Arrange the steps in solving problem in rational expression by writing
numbers from 1-4 on the space provided for.
Rational algebraic expressions is a tool that can be used in
representing and solving problems in real life situations.
28
Steps:
___Translate the given numbers and variables into an equation
___Read, understand and visualize the problem
___Solve for the given numbers and variables into an equation
___Represent the given numbers and variables
What I Can Do
1. Mhaica can pack all candies in 6 hours. If Lyza helped Mhaica and
finished packing all the candies in 4 hours, how long will it take Lyza to
do the job alone?
2. Danielle can sweep the room in 8 minutes. Denisse can sweep the
same room in 12 minutes. How long would it take if they worked
together?
RUBICS:
Mathematical 90-100% of the Almost all Most (75- More than
Errors(60%) solutions have no (85-89%) of the 84%) of the steps 75% of the steps
mathematical steps and and solutions have and solutions
errors solutions have no no mathematical have
mathematical errors. mathematical
errors errors.
Neatness The work is The work is The work is The work
and presented in presented in neat presented in appears sloppy
Organization a neat, clear, and organized an organized but and unorganized.
(40%) organized that is easy to maybe hard to read It is hard to know
that is easy to read. at times. what information
read and goes together.
understand
Assessment
the correct answer.
1. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence “One-fourth of a
number y multiplied by three-fifth of the number x”?
A. 1 y • 3 x B. 1 • 3 C. 1 • 3 xy D. 1 xy • 3
4 5 4x 5 y 4 5 4 5
2. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence “four decreased by a
number x divided by seven more than thrice a number x”?
x−4
A. B. 4 − x C. 4 − x D. 4 + x
3x + 7 7 + 3x 7+ x 7 + 3x
29
3. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence “the sum of twelve
and thrice a number y divided by the sum of nine and thrice a
number x ”?
12 − 3 y
A. 12 − 3 y B. 12 + 3 y C. 12 − 3 y D.
9 + 2x 9 + 3x 9 + 3x 9 + 2x
4. Ricky can paint a wall in 6 hours, but Ervin needs 4 hours to paint the
same wall. How does it take them to paint the wall if they work
together?
A. 2 hours B. 3 2 hours C. 1 2 hours D. 2 2
5 5 5 5
hours
5. Justine can assemble a laptop twice as fast as Randolph. If they
worked together, it takes them 5 Hours. How long will it take if Andrei
will work alone?
A. 7 1 hours B. 7 1 hours C. 9 1 hours D. 9 1 hours
2 3 2 3
Additional Activities
SUMMATIVE TEST
Read carefully the statement andchoosethe letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
3 2
and 3 ?
5x 7x
3 5 4 2
B. 35x B. 35x C. 35x D. 35x
3x 5
2. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression 3 and 2 ?
9y 7y
2
21x 45 y 21xy 45 21xy 45 y 21xy 45
A. 3
and 3
B. and C. 2
and 2
D. 2
and
63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 63 y 2
5x 3x
3. What is the equivalent fraction of the rational expression and 2 ?
8y 2y
5x 12 xy 5 xy 12 x 5x 12 xy 5 xy 12 x
A. 2
and B. and 2 C. and D. and
8y 8 y2 8y 2
8y 8y 2
8y 2
8y 8y
1 2
x −1 x + 3
2
A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 3)

B. ( x + 1)( x + 3) D. ( x − 1)( x + 3)
30
1 2
x + 5x + 4 x + 3
2
A. ( x + 1)( x + 4)( x + 3) C. ( x − 1)( x − 4)( x + 3)

B. ( x − 1)( x + 4)( x + 3) D. ( x + 1)( x − 4)( x + 3)
5 2
4x 6x
19
21 13 32
A. B. C. D. 12x
6x 8x 48x
3x + 1 2x
x+2 x+2
3x + 1 5x + 1 2x + 3 1 + 2x
A. B. C. D.
( x + 2) 2
x+2 ( x + 2) 2
( x + 2)2
4m − 6 n 1
8. What is the difference of and 2 ?
3m 6m
8m − 12mn − 1
2
8m − 12n + 1 8m + 12n + 2 8m + 12n + 1
A. 2
B. C. D.
6m 6m 6m 6m
5 1
9. What rational expression should be subtracted from to get ?
7x 7x
4 1 2 4
A. B. C. D.
7x 3x 3x 3x
10. What is the simplified form of the difference between
x2 − 4x + 4 2
and ?
x −4
2
x−2
2 x( x − 6) ( x − 6) 2( x − 6) x( x − 6)
A. B. C. D.
( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 2)
12x x4
11. What is the product of and ?
x2 6 x2
12 x 12 x
B. B. 6x C. 2x D.
6x 6 x2
4n 12m
12. What is the quotient of the rational algebraic expression 3
and 4 ?
3m 8n
8n5 4n 5
B. 28n3 4
B. C. D.
9m 8m 18n5
v+2 v+2
v+4 v−2
1 v+2 v−2 v−2
A. B. C. D.
v−4 v+4 v−4 v+4
31
5 15 y 2
14. What rational expression should be multiplied to to get ?
7x 28 x3
3y2 3y 3y 4
A. B. C. D.
4 x2 3x 4x 3x
4 x 2 + 20 x 6x
15. What is the simplified answer of the product of and ?
6x 2
x2 6x x2 + 5x
A. B. C. D. 2 x( x + 5)
6x 2 6x
16. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence for “four decreased by a
number x divided by five more than thrice a number x”?
x−4 4− x 4− x 4+ x
A. B. C. D.
3x + 5 5 + 3x 5+ x 5 + 3x
17. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence for “the difference of
fifteen and twice a number y divided by the sum of twenty and thrice a
number x ”?
20 − 3 y 15 + 2 y 20 + 3 y 15 − 2 y
A. B. C. D.
15 + 2 x 20 − 3x 15 − 2 x 20 + 3x
18. What is the equivalent mathematical sentence “One-fourth of a
number y multiplied by three fifth of the number x”?
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
A. y • x B. • C. • xy D. xy •
4 5 4x 5 y 4 5 4 5
19. Kirsten can clean the house in 3 times as fast as Sophia, it takes them
4 hours to finish the work? How long would it take if Sophia will clean the
house alone?
2 2 1 1
A. B. 4 C. D. 5
3 3 3 3
20. Kirby can paint a wall in 6 hours, but Conrad needs 4 hours to paint
the same wall. How does it take them to paint the wall if they work
together?
2 2 2 2
A. hours B. 3 hours C. 1 hours D. 2
5 5 5 5
hours
32
• Deped Grade 8 Mathematics Learners Module
• E-Math by Orlando A. Oronce
• Next Century Mathematics by Fernando B. Orines, et al.
• https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/factors-venn-diagrams-
11120813
• https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Simplifying-Rational-
Expression-Mazes-496990
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/518336238357659945/
• https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
nd/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&atype=rich
• https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/one-pump-fill-tank-oil-4-hours-
second-pump-fill-tank-3-hours-chapter-9.6-problem-25e-solution-
9780131339989-exc
33
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Ferdinand B. Villegas - (PHS)

Validators: Gemo Parajas – Principal I, (BNHS)
Bielynda C. Daelo - MTII, (JDPHS)
Annalyn C. Santos - (MHSH)
Violentina J. Asuncion - (PHS)
Marites M. Bendoy - (THS)
Amor G. Agarro - (MHS)
Lourdes B. Guyong – NHS
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

34
Telefax:
City of Good(02) 682-2472 / 682-3989
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8 Department of Education

National Capital Region

Writer: Ferdinand B. Villegas

• Perform operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions. M8AL- Id-5

A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x + 3)

Example: for blue colored paper for red colored paper

LCD = 5 • (n + 1) • (n + 5) = 5(n + 1)(n + 5)

Step 2: Take the factors that occurs in all the denominators.

LCD = 3 • ( x + 1)( x − 4) = 3( x + 1)( x − 4)

Therefore, the Least Common Denominator of x +1 x+2

What I Have Learned

CRITERIA 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 3)

Lesson 2. Addition and Subtraction of Rational Algebraic Expression

Make a Marikina Treasure Map. Use the different landmarks in

In division of rational algebraic expression same concept applies as the

B. Arrange the steps in dividing rational expression by writing numbers

CRITERIA 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Lesson 4. Problems Involving Rational Algebraic Expression

What I Have Learned

A. ( x + 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) C. ( x + 1)( x − 1)( x + 3)

A. ( x + 1)( x + 4)( x + 3) C. ( x − 1)( x − 4)( x + 3)

Writer: Ferdinand B. Villegas - (PHS)

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

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