Opening Prayer

Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son

Jesus Christ, thank you for another life
to enjoy, another day to learn, and a new
set of things we will experience. As we
go through our lessons today, may let us
be instruments to do good things. Help us
be obedient, honest, and kind to one
another. Please bless us.
In Jesus’ name. Amen.
Welcome to class!
Today's Agenda are . . . .

❑Aims and Functions of Research

❑Research Process
❑Research Ethics
Lesson 1
Day 3-4 Sessions
 Aims of
Research
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
1. Research is aimed at proving the accuracy of
existing theories or knowledge. This leads to the
development of new ideas, strengthening a
current knowledge, or debunking a theory.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
1. Research is aimed at proving the accuracy of
existing theories or knowledge. This leads to the
development of new ideas, strengthening a current
knowledge, or debunking a theory.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
2. Research also brings forth new ideas regarding a
theory or even create a totally new theory.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
2. Research also brings forth new ideas
regarding a theory or even create a totally new
theory.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
3. Once new ideas or innovations are proven
true, they are then utilized and translated to
something useful to humankind.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
 AIMS OF RESEARCH
3. Once new ideas or innovations are proven
true, they are then utilized and translated to
something useful to humankind.
A) Acquisition of New Knowledge
B) Application of New Knowledge
C) Verification of Existing Knowledge
Functions of Research

•Exploration
•Description
•Explanation
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This kind of research seeks to find more information
about a topic and a broader perspective or an
additional knowledge to what is currently known.

E_P_O_A_I_N
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This kind of research seeks to find more information
about a topic and a broader perspective or an
additional knowledge to what is currently known.

EXPLORATION
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This kind of research fills in the details and gaps
regarding a particular idea, with the intent to expand
understanding. Here , more information is needed to be
supplied in order to answer that ‘what’ and ’how’
questions instead of formulating unsure explanation.

D_S_R_P_I_N
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This kind of research fills in the details and gaps
regarding a particular idea, with the intent to expand
understanding. Here , more information is needed to be
supplied in order to answer that ‘what’ and ’how’
questions instead of formulating unsure explanation.

DESCRIPTION
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This type of research aims to clarify
relationships existing between variables,
quantitatively or qualitatively.

E_P_A_A_I_N
 FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH
This type of research aims to clarify
relationships existing between variables,
quantitatively or qualitatively.

EXPLANATION
RESEARCH
PROCESS
Let’s try to Arrange it!
A. Analyzing Data
B. Collecting and Organizing Data
C. Designing the Study
D. Identifying the Problem
E. Interpreting Data
F. Reporting the Results
CORRECT ANSWER:
D. Identifying the Problem
C. Designing the Study
B. Collecting and Organizing Data
A. Analyzing Data
E. Interpreting Data
F. Reporting the Results
RESEARCH PROCESS:
1.) Identifying the Problem
2.) Designing the Study
3.) Collecting and Organizing Data
4.) Analyzing Data
5.) Interpreting Data
6.) Reporting the Results
 What is
Research
Ethics?
Why is it
important?
 - Refers to the moral

Research
principles and code of
conduct that define what good
and acceptable research

Ethics practice is.

- You have to uphold integrity
and maintain the good
reputation of your name and
your school.
 - Research ethics govern

Research
the standards of conduct for
scientific researchers. It is

Ethics
important to adhere to
ethical principles in order
to protect the dignity,
rights and welfare of
research participants.
 ETHICAL ISSUES IN

Research
RESEARCH
•Animal Rights and

Ethics
Welfare in Research
•Human Rights in
Research
•Scientific Misconduct
 • Philippine Republic Act
No. 8485 or the Animal
Welfare Act of 1998
• Bureau of Animal
Animal
Rights
Industry of the
Department of
Agriculture
• Philippine Association
for Laboratory Animal
Science (PALAS)
 • Right to Voluntary
Participation
• Right to Informed
Human Consent

Rights
• Right to be Protected
from Harm
• Right to
Confidentiality
• Right to Anonymity
 HUMAN RIGHTS
• Right to Voluntary participation- All human respondents should participate
in a research study out of their own free will. They should not be forced or
coerced to participate in any research undertaking.
• Right to Informed consent- All respondents should be informed of all the
procedures, potential risk, and even benefits that the research would bring.
• Right to Confidentiality- All human respondents should participate in a
research study out of their own free will. They should not be forced or
coerced to participate in any research undertaking.
• Right to be Protected from harm- The respondents shall not be subjected
to anything that may cause them inconvenience or physical, emotional, or
psychological risk. They are given pre-activity orientation about the
purpose of the study to increase their understanding and remove possible
deception.
• Right to Anonymity- A respondent may choose not to disclose his or her
identity to anyone, including the researchers themselves.
 •Fabrication

Misconduct
•Falsification
Research •Non-publication
of data
•Faulty Gathering
procedure
•Plagiarism
•Fabrication
involves
manipulating or
changing data,
research
materials,
processes,
equipment and,
of course,
results.
•Fabrication
Example:
Manipulation of
images or
representations
in a manner that
distorts the data
They might manipulate the
data or analysis to match
the research to the desired
results.
•Falsification is
more about
making up
research results
and data, and
reporting them
as true.
Construction and/or addition of data, observations, or
characterizations that never occurred in the gathering of
data or running of experiments.
• Falsification
Example:
• This can happen when a
researcher, for example,
states that a particular lab
process was done when, in
fact, it wasn’t. Or that the
research didn’t take place
at all, in the case of a study
results from previous
research were copied and Construction and/or addition of data, observations, or
published as original characterizations that never occurred in the gathering of data or
running of experiments.
research.
• Non-publication data
This involves choosing
not to include data
because they do not
conform to the well-
established body of
knowledge or are
unsupportive of the
research hypothesis.
• Faulty data gathering
procedures
This is the result of
negligence or
carelessness that leads
to errors in
measurement or faulty
research instruments.
• Plagiarism is the most
common form of
research misconduct.
Researchers must be
aware to cite all sources
properly. Using or
representing the work
of others as your own
work constitutes
plagiarism, even if
committed
unintentionally
• Plagiarism Example:
• Copying large pieces of text
from a source without citing
that source.
• Taking passages from multiple
sources, piecing them
together, and turning in the
work as your own.
• Copying from a source but
changing a few words and
phrases to disguise
plagiarism.
• Buying an essay or paper and
turning it in as your own
work.
•It is possible to cite sources but still
plagiarize. Here are some examples:
(Noreen Reale Falcone Library, 2021)

•Mentioning an author or source within your paper

without including a full citation in your bibliography.
•Citing a source with inaccurate information, making
it impossible to find that source.
•Using a direct quote from a source, citing that
source, but failing to put quotation marks around
the copied text.
 A researcher must take extra care to ensure that
their data and research can not even be suspected of
fraud via falsification and fabrication. You can do
this by being transparent and honest about any
and all research, data, analysis and conclusions.
Remembering that the purpose of research is to
further collective knowledge over supporting
desired outcomes is key to ensuring integrity in
research.
 Thank you for
joining today's
class.