Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

ENGLISH : GRAMMAR RULES - 1

Rule no.1 --- V1, V1 + s or es.
Usually, Naturally, Generally, Regularly, Daily, Every month, Every+, Always, Often, Seldom, in the
mornings etc.,
Eg: 1. She is usually sitting in the front row.
2.Every month they are releasing funds for the construction.
Rule no.2 ---TO+ V1 (to infinitive)
Prep +V1 + ing.
Eg: 1. The state government has taken a decision to promoting English Medium in primary schools.
2. Richter scales are used for measure the intensity of the earthquakes.
3.With a view to improvising the standards of rural people central govt. launched a new program.
Rule no.3 ---let, get, make, help, allow, had better, had sooner etc.,
- V1 (bare infinitive)
Eg: 1. In the evening teacher let all the boys to play in the ground.
2. I got irritated when she made me to wait for a long time.
Rule no.4---Modal + V1.
Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare.
Eg:1. When you are going through something that you cannot handled; your mind tries to play it out
in the form of a dream.
2. migraines may doubles the risk of a nervous system condition that causes facial paralysis.
Rule no.5--- DO +V1, DOES +V1, DID+V1.
Eg. 1. When did he sent a message to you?
2.He doesn’t revealed the secret in dream.
Rule no.6—singular verb : IS, WAS, HAS, V1+s.
Plural verb : ARE, WERE, HAVE, V1.
He , she, It (singular) : Singular verb.
We, You, they (plural) : Plural verb.
I, am, was, have, v1
Eg.1.What really agonize them is the presence of an unwanted and
unscrupulous member on the panel.

1
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

2.Sugar-sweetened drinks does not pose any particular health risk, and are
not a unique risk factor for obesity or heart disease.
3.A sharp fall in international price of tea have led tea plantation workers in
Kerala to face starvation.
4. The auditions for India’s first ever reality-based pop band hunt is going on in full swing, with
numerous entries coming in.
Rule no.7--- one of the, each of the, as well as.
Eg.1 .Kiran is one of my best friend.
2.One of the boys have attended the meeting.
3.The price of fruits and vegetables are going up.
4.collectng currency and coins are a good habit.
5.Dhoni is one of the players who has been selected.
6.Each of the rooms were inspected by the principal.
7.Radha as well as Kamala have gone to Delhi.
Rule no.8---Either- or, Neither- nor, Not only- but also.
Eg.1. Not only the doctor but also the nurses of this nursing home is very kind.
2.Neither the students nor the principal have attended the class.
3.Either of the two roads were used by the public.
Rule no. 9---Committee, team, group, family, herd, flock, fleet etc.,
Eg.1. Finally the committee has taken a decision.
2.The committee have withdrawn their salaries
3.The team has won the match.
4.The team have gone for bathing.
5.The family has gone to temple.
6.The family have gone to their duties.
Rule no.10.—1+1 =1.
Bread and butter, time and tide, character and conduct.
Eg.1. Bread and butter is my regular breakfast.
2.Bread and butter are available in the store.
3.Time and tide waits for none.
4.His character and conduct is satisfactory.
5.His father and guide is coming.
6.His father and his guide are coming.

2
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

Rule no.11---Any part of singular is singular,Any part of plural is plural.

Eg.1. one third of population is under poverty.
2.one third of people are under poverty.
Rule no.12. – furniture, luggage, equipment, information, stationery, news etc.,
Eg.1. Most of the news pertaining to the sudden demise of the spiritual guru have been
communicated.
2.the govt. released funds to purchase all the equipments.
3.He received a lot of informations regarding the outbreak.
Rule no.13.—with, along with.
EG..1 The principal along with his teachers were present.
2.the major along with his soldiers were killed.
Rule no.14--- Every and every , each and each.
Eg.1. Every boy and every girl have started the work.
2.Each boy and each girl were given a task.
Rule no.15--- Ten miles…
Eg.1. ten miles is a long distance.
2.five times five is twenty five.
3. fifty kgs is a heavy weight.
Rule no.16---There
Eg.1. There are many books in the library.
2.There is a book in the library.
Rule no. 17---V2
Yesterday, ago, last month, last week.etc.,
Eg.1. last night I have seen the movie.
2.In the year 1982 they have started the business in U.S.A.
Rule no.18.--- USED TO + V1 (PAST HABIT)
Eg.1. Sachin used to play cricket.
2.Gandhi used to wear a hanging clock.
Rule no.19 ---I wish, it is time, it is right time , it is high time.
Eg.1. I wish I had wings.
2.It is right time they started the work.
Rule no.20---Imaginary impossible conditions..(use were instead of was)
Eg.1. If I were you I would ask.
2.If Gandhi were alive he would not win.

3
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

3.Sindhu played as if she were a lion.

Rule no 21---OBJECT +BE+ V3.
Eg.1. the Punjab problem has solved in 1984.
2.Mary had presented a gift by john last Sunday.
3.The injured have taken to the nearby hospital.
Rule no.22.---Have + V3.
Just, just now, a moment ago, a few minutes ago, till now, so far, recently, yet.
Eg.1. The show has became popular these days.
2. I know that they have began the work recently.
3.The work has being done perfectly by the manager.
Rule no.23--- Adjective + noun.
ful,ive,ous,ble,ic,al,nt,ry,less.----adj
ment, ness, tion, cion, sion, ce, ty, th, hood, ship, ism.-----noun
Eg.1.ISIS has been playing a dangerously game of destruction.
2.they have started simply tasks to entertain children.
Rule no.24---Non finite verb.
Eg.1. being a Sunday he took rest.
Rule no.25---Redundants.
Return back , Enter into, Order for, comprises of, repeat again, revert back, funeral service,
consorted wife, suddenly come across, discuss about, describe about¸ enquire about.
Eg.1. she returned all the books back to library.
2.he entered into a room.
3.He entered into an agreement.
4.they enquired about the address
5.they enquired about the health.

***

4
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

ENGLISH : GRAMMAR RULES-2

RULE NO.26 ---
HANG----- HANGED-----HANGED
HANG-----HUNG-----HUNG.
FLY-----FLEW----FLOWN
FLOW----FLEW/FLOWED-----FLOWED
LAY-----LAID-----LAID
LIE-----LAY-----LAIN
LIE-----LIED-----LIED
RISE-----RAISE
PRACTICE-----PRACTISE
ADVICE-----ADVISE
Eg.1. Much water has flown under the bridge.
2.All the clothes were hanged to the rope.
3. The cow laid beneath the tree.
RULE NO.27---ENJOY,AVAIL – REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.
Eg.1. She enjoyed the party last night
2. He availed the opportunity.
RULE NO.28---the verbs
Love, like, hate, dislike, belong, believe, have, own, know, owe, forget, remember,
understand, see, smell, hear, touch, taste, continue, think, seem, cost, etc. SHOULD NOT
BE USED IN CONTINUOUS TENSE. (i.e. be+V1+ing).
Eg.1. She is loving her daughter.
2. The flower is smelling sweet.
3. We are now knowing the truth.
4. He is having a car.

1
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

5. He is having a cup of coffee.

RULE NO.29---HAD +V3= V2
Eg.1. The film show had begun before I entered the theatre.
2. The train had departed before they reached the station.
3. After she had finished the work, she returned home.
RULE NO.30---SINCE, FOR (PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
Eg.1. She has been working for ten years.
2. She said that she had been working for ten years.
3. By 2025, she will have been working for ten years.
RULE NO.31---
IF + V1 – WILL + V1 (CAN,MAY)
IF + V2 – WOULD + VI (COULD,MAY)
IF + HAD + V3 – WOULD HAVE + V3.
Eg.1. if you work hard, you will get success.
2. If he played well, he would win.
3. If she had asked, I would have given.
RULE NO.32--- IN A SENTENCE ALL THE VERBS SHOULD BE IN SAME FORM.
Eg.1. last week when I saw her, she is reading the same novel.
2. Teacher told me that I would get score if I prepare well.
3. I noticed that they have finished the work and left the office.
RULE NO.33---TO APPLY SUPERLATIVE DEGREE MORE THAN TWO NOUNS ARE REQUIRED.
Eg.1. She is the tallest of two sisters.
2. He is the cleverest than any other boy in the class.

RULE NO.34---AVOID UNNECESSARY USE OF MORE AND MOST.

Eg.1. She is more cleverer than her sister.
2. Mount Everest is the most highest peak in the world.
RULE NO.35---USE ARTICLE ‘THE’ BEFORE SUPERLATIVE DEGREE.
Eg.1. She is a most powerful leader in India.

2
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO.36---THE WORDS UNIQUE, EXTREME, EXACT, PERFECT, FULL, etc.,

DO NOT HAVE DEGREES.
Eg.1. The is a most unique piece of art.
2. He has done the work most perfectly.
RULE NO.37---
1.Ravi is cleverer than brave.
Ravi is more clever than brave
2. He is taller than strong.
He is more tall than strong.
RULE NO.38---I, WE, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, THEY.
1.You are younger than me.
You are younger than I.
RULE NO.39---
1. The climate of Bangalore is better than Mumbai.
2. Ram’s salary is larger than Kiran.
RULE NO.40--- ARTICLE – NO ARTICLE.
Discoveries, Games, Languages, Metals, Name of a person, Name of a country, schools,
college, temple, lunch, breakfast, dinner, etc.,
RULE NO.41--- ARTICLE – THE
Unique, creations, inventions, names of books, newspapers, cardinals, musical instruments,
superlative degree, comparison, acronyms, special cases.

RULE NO.42--- ARTICLE – AN-A

A European, An Honest
RULE NO.43--- TAG PART-- I,II
PART I :is, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, modals.
PART II : DO + V1 = V1
DOES + V1 = V1 +S
DID + V1 = V2

3
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO.44--- TAG PART-- III

NOT, NO, NAY, NOTHING, NEITHER, NONE, NEVER, HARDLY, SCARCELY, SELDOM, LITTLE,
FEW.
RULE NO.45 --- TAG PART—IV
1. I am student - aren’t I?
I am not a student – am I?
2. Let’s play – shall we?
Let’s not play – shall we?
3. Bring that book – will you?
Open the door – will you?
4.everyone speaks English – do not they?
RULE NO.46 --- LEST – SHOULD
Eg.1. You must work hard lest you should fail.
RULE NO.47 --- SUPERLATIVE DEGREE, ONLY, ALL--------------THAT.
Eg.1. This is the only book which I carry regularly.
2. She is the cleverest girl, who works hard.
RULE NO.48 --- WHEN THE REPORTING VERB IS ASKED OR ENQUIRED OR QUESTIONED THE
CONJUNCTION WILL BE – IF, WHETHER, ‘WH’ WORD.
RULE NO.49 --- NEITHER-NOR, EITHER-OR, NOT ONLY-BUT ALSO
Eg.1. She not only plays tennis but also chess.
2. This book will not only be liked by men but also by women.
RULE NO.50 --- NO SOONER – THAN
HARDLY/SCARCELY – WHEN
Eg.1. As soon as she came everyone stood up
No sooner did she come than everyone stood up.
2. Hardly had she come when everyone stood up.

***

4
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

ENGLISH : GRAMMAR RULES-3

RULE NO – 51--- TOO – TO ---- SO-THAT-NOT ----VERY- AND- NOT
Eg.1. He is too weak to walk
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
He is very weak and he cannot walk.
2. The problem is too difficult to solve.
The problem is so difficult that it cannot be solved.
The problem is very difficult and it cannot be solved.

RULE NO – 52 ---
WHO:
1. She is an innocent girl
She is a girl who is innocent.
WHOM:
2. He is a good boy I like him very much.
He is a good boy whom I like very much.
WHICH:
3. This is a black board.
This is a board which is black.

WHERE:
4. I knew his address.
I knew where he lives.

WHEN:
5. I don’t know about his arrival.
I don’t know when he will arrive.

1
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO – 53
INSPITE OF/ DESPITE - THOUGH/ALTHOUGH - BUT/YET
Eg.1. she was ill but she attended the class.
Though she was ill she attended the class.
Inspite of being ill she attended the class.
Inspite of her illness she attended the class.
Despite her illness she attended the class.
RULE NO – 54
V1 + ING/OWING TO -- AS/SINCE -- AND, SO, THEREFORE, BECAUSE --- BECAUSE
OF/OWING TO
1. She worked hard (and) she got success.
So/therefore
2. She got success because she worked hard.
3. As she worked hard, she got success.
4. Since she worked hard, she got success.
5. Working hard, she got success.
6. Owing to her hard work she got success.
7. Because of her hard work she got success.
8. She got her success due to her success.
RULE NO – 55
Besides and
Apart from not only but also moreover
In addition to further more
Eg.1. besides learning music, she sings songs.
Apart from learning music, she sings songs.
In addition to learning music, she sings songs.
2. She not only learns music but also sings songs.
3. She learns music and she sings songs.
RULE NO – 56
Ravi didn’t attend the class even Raju too.
Neither ravi nor raju attended the class.

2
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

Sitha will attend or gita will attend

Either gita or sita will attend.

RULE NO – 57
Where are you going.
Where you are going.
What you are learning?
What are you learning?

RULE NO – 58
Some – Any
Some – used in positive statement.
Any -- used in negative and interrogative sentence.
Eg.1. do you have some sugar?
2. I did not see any sugar.
RULE NO – 59
MUCH – UNCOUNTABLE
MANY – COUNTABLE
Eg.1.she sang much songs in 2019.
2.he has read much books.

RULE NO – 60
Further – next
Farther – distance
Eg.1. they have initiated further investigation.

RULE NO – 61. --- Elder – Older

Eg.1. I have an elder brother
2. He is older than I

3
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO – 62.
Every – used when there are many
Each - used when there are two
I have read each book in the library
(Every)

RULE NO – 63.
One another - used when there are many
Each other - used when there are only two
Eg.1.Laila and Majnu loved each other.
2.We all should love one another.

RULE NO – 64.
Another one - other one
Eg.1The fruit is very sweet give me another one
2. I don’t like this fruit please give me the other one.

RULE NO – 65.
Beside – Besides
Eg.1.She sat beside me.
2. She speaks English besides Hindi.

RULE NO – 66.
Between – among
Eg.1. He shared property between his two sons.
2. He shared property among his sons.
3. All the ten nations have bilateral agreements between them.
(Bilateral, matches, couples, pairs)

4
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO – 66.
Till – until
Eg.1. I shall wait till 5.30.pm
2. I shall wait until u come.
RULE NO – 67.
Since – point of time
For – period of time
Eg.1. she has been working since 2020
2. She has been working for 20 years.
For : centuries, decades, years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, a while, a
long, a long time, sometime.
RULE NO – 68.
Superior, inferior, interior, exterior, senior, junior, prefer, refer ----- to
Eg.1. she prefers tea TO milk.

RULE NO –69.
Members of family
Pieces of chalk
Pages of paper
Cakes of soap
Cups of tea
Cups of coffee
Bunches of flowers
Baskets of fruits

RULE NO –70.
Father in laws (wrong)
Father in law (right)

5
Sreedhar’s CCE ENGLISH

RULE NO –71.
Cousin Brother (wrong)
Cousin (right)

RULE NO –72.
You – he/she – I
We – you – they
Eg.1. you, he and I will go to the movie.

RULE NO –73.
Unless – not
Unless you don’t work hard, you won’t get success.(x)
Unless you work hard, you won’t get success.

RULE NO –74.
Though/although -- but
If – suppose
As – so
Eg.1. though he worked hard but he failed.
2. As she was ill, so she was absent.

RULE NO –75.
Sequence of Adjectives.
Two beautiful small young white Italian dogs.
Eg.1. she presented a blue big beautiful bag to her friend.
She presented a beautiful big blue bagto her friend.
***