Mathematics 7

Academic Year 2022-2023

Hand – out #1

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

⮚ When adding or subtracting fractions, if the fractions are dissimilar, find the LCD (Least Common
Denominator) of the denominators.

Example:

● +

⮚ Use the synthetic division or skipped counting to find the LCD of 12 and 15.
⮚ Once you get the LCD, divide it to the denominator and multiply the answer to the numerator.

● + = +

● , since the answer is improper, we have to convert and simplify it.

● 1

⮚ When subtracting mixed numbers, separate the whole number and the fractions.

Example:

● 15 – 11

● 15 – 11 = 4

● – = –

● =4 or 4

Other technique in adding and subtracting fractions

(Butterfly Method)

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Multiplying Fractions

⮚ When multiplying fractions, multiply the numerator to numerator and denominator to

denominator. Simplify and convert the answer if possible.

Example:

● X = or

⮚ When multiplying the whole number to fraction, multiply the whole number to the numerator,
then copy the denominator. Convert and simplify the answer.

Example:

● 54 X = or 27
⮚ When multiplying mixed numbers, convert it into an improper fraction before you multiply.

Example:

● 7 X5

● X = , since the answer is improper, convert and simplify.

● 42 or 42

Dividing Fractions

⮚ Dividing and multiplying fractions are almost the same however in dividing fractions, we have
to change the division sign into multiplication then reciprocal the second fraction.
Example:

1. ÷

X = or

2. 12 ÷

● First, convert the mixed number into an improper fraction. Change the division
sign into multiplication and reciprocate the second fraction.

X = =8

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Decimal – are the numbers that are written after the decimal point.
❖ It indicates the exact quantity or measurement of the amount of an object.
❖ Decimal numbers after the decimal point are lower than 1.

Operations on Decimals
Addition of Decimal Numbers

❖ When adding decimal numbers, always align the decimal point to all given addends then
solve for it.

Examples:
1. 802.745 + 60.36 + 91.8 2. 3.71 + 402.852 + 85.9728

⮚ 802.745 3.71
60.36 402.852
+ 91.8__ + 85.9728
954.905 492.5348

Subtraction of Decimal Numbers

❖ When subtracting decimal numbers, line up their decimal numbers.

Example:

1. 2.37 – 0.031

Multiplying Decimal Numbers

To multiply decimal numbers:

1. Multiply the numbers just as if they were whole numbers.

● Line up the numbers on the right - do not align the decimal points.
● Starting on the right, multiply each digit in the top number by each digit in the bottom
number, just as with whole numbers.
● Add the products.
2. Place the decimal point in the answer by starting at the right and moving a number of places
equal to the sum of the decimal places in both numbers multiplied.

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 Dividing Decimal Numbers

To divide decimal numbers:

1. If the divisor is not a whole number, move the decimal point to the right to make it a whole
number and move the decimal point in the dividend the same number of places.
2. Divide as usual.
3. Put the decimal point directly above the decimal point in the dividend.
4. Check your answer.

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