MATHEMATICS 10 Operation on Fractions

Addition/Subtraction
Operation on Integers Similar Fractions
Addition Add/Subtract the numerator and copy the denominator.
1. Add numbers having like signs and simply copy the sign. Dissimilar Fractions
2. Subtract numbers having unlike signs and copy the sign of the 1. Change dissimilar fractions into similar fraction by finding the LCM.
bigger value. 2. Butterfly Method
Subtraction Multiplication
1. Keep the first number exactly the same. Simply multiply the numerators, then the denominators. If possible,
2. Change the subtraction sign to an addition. reduce to lowest term.
3. Change the sign of the last number to the opposite sign. If it was Division
positive, change it to negative and vice versa. Multiply the first term to the reciprocal of the second term.
Multiplication
1. The product of two integers with the like sign is positive. Fractions
2. The product of two integers with unlike sign is negative. Complex Fractions
Division Complex fractions are fractions whose numerator, denominator, or
1. The quotient of two integers with like sign is positive. both are also fractions.
2. The quotient of two integers with unlike sign is positive. 2 2 6+14 20
+
7 3 21 21 21 5 100
If the exponent is 0, the answer is 1. = = = × =
If the exponent is 1/x, the answer is√
x 3 3 3 21 3 63
n.
5 5 5
√
1
12 1 1
= =
4 4 2 Converting Fractions to Decimals
If the numerator is 0, the answer is 0. Non-terminating
If the denominator is 0, the answer if undefined. Divide the numerator by denominator.
What is 5/8 as decimal? 5÷8=0.0625
Orders of Operations
Order of operations are the rules that state the sequence in which the Converting Decimal to Fraction
multiple operations in an expression should be solved. Terminating
A way to remember the order Convert 2.53 into fraction 2 53/100= 253/100
Parenthesis- Work out all groupings inside to out Convert 0.1257 into fraction 1257/10000
Exponent- Work out all the exponential expressions Repeating
Multiplication- Next, moving from left to right, and/or whichever 0.666666=6/9
comes first 0.46464646=46/99
Division- Next, moving from left to right, and/or whichever comes first 234−2
Addition- Lastly, moving from left to right, and/or whichever comes 0.23434343434¿
first 99× 101
Subtraction- Lastly, moving from left to right, and/or whichever comes
first Fraction=
( decimal−non repeated decimal )
¿¿
Operation on Decimal
Addition/Subtraction
1. Line up the decimal points, then add/subtract like whole numbers. Converting Fractions to Percent
Multiplication - divide the numerator by the denominator then multiply the decimal
1. Simply multiply the numbers as if they were whole numbers. by 100
2. Then, count the total number of places to the right of the decimal
point of BOTH numbers you’re multiplying. Converting Decimals to Percent
3. Let’s call this number (n). In your answer, start from the right and - multiply by 100 then add a percent sign
move n places to the left and put a decimal point.
Division Percentage
1.Move the decimal point of the dividend and divisor evenly to make Basic Formulas
them whole number. Find P percent of X
2.Then divide. P% * X = Y

GCF & LCM Find what percent of X is Y

The Greatest Common Factor is the largest number that divides Y/X = P%
evenly into each number in a given set of numbers.
The Least Common Multiple is the smallest positive multiple that is Find X if P percent of it is Y
common to two or more numbers. Y/P% = X
Prime Factorization Technique
Ratio and Proportion
Direct F
a:b=c:d P= mt
Present Value r
ad=bc (outside=inside) ( 1+ )
Indirect m

[( ) ]
a:b=c:d 1
ab=cd F
Rate r =m mt
−1
Partitive P
X in a:b:c
x/a+b+c=y log F−log P
a(y)+b(y)+c(y)=x t=
Time
(
m log 1+
r
m )
Interest I c =F−P
Measurements
Hecto Deca Deci Centi Milli
Kilo (k) Base
(h) (da) (d) (c) (m)

Geometry
Perimeter Area Volume
Square p= 4s A= s² V=s³
Triangle p= a + b + c A=1/2bh 1
V = bhl
2
Rectangle p= 2(l + w) A=lw V= l x w x h
Circle p= 2πr A=π r
2
4 3
d=2r V= π r
3

Simple Interest
Simple Interest Is=Prt
Future Value F=I s + P F=P(1+rt )
Is F
Principal P= P=
rt 1+rt
Is F−P
Rate r = r=
Pt Pt
Is F−P
Time t= t=
Pr Pr
Simple Discount
Discount D=Fdt
Proceeds P=F−D P=F (1−dt)
P
Future Value F=
( 1−dt )
D
Discount Rate d=
Ft
D F−P
Time t= t=
Fd Fd
Compound Interest
r mt
Future Value F=P(1+ )
m