Construction of Three phase Induction Motor:

The main parts of an induction motor are:

1. Yoke :
It is the outer most frame of the motor. It house the stator core. It provides mechanical
protection for the whole machine.
2. Stator :
It is the stationary part of the motor. It is just like a cylinder having hollow space at
centre. It is made by laminated silicon steel sheet. The inner surface of the core have
alternate slots and teeth. Slots are provided with three phase uniformly distributed
windings. Each phase windings are placed 120° electrically apart.
3. Rotor :
It is the rotating part of the machine. It is cylindrical in shape made of laminated silicon
steel sheet having a shaft along the central axis. The outer surface of the rotor have
alternate slots and teeth. It is placed in the hollow space of the stator with a small air
gap and it is supported by bearings at both sides so that it can rotate freely. There are
two types of rotor in induction motor, they are :
a. Squirrel cage Rotor
b. Slip ring Rotor (or phase wound Rotor)

(Note: Refer class note for figure)

Working Principle of Three phase Induction motor

When the stator winding of three phase induction motor is supplied by balanced three phase
voltage, it will produce a rotating magnetic field which will rotate in a particular direction with
constant magnitude. The speed of rotating magnetic field is given by Ns= (120 * f /P ).
This rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor conductors. Therefore according to faradays law of
electromagnetic induction emf will induced in the rotor conductors. As the rotor conductors
are short circuited, current will flow through the rotor conductor. Now the rotor conductors are
carrying some current and lying in the magnetic field, force will be developed on the rotor
conductor. This force will rotate the rotor in the direction of rotating magnetic field. The rotor
tries to rotate with synchronous speed but never success to catch up the synchronous speed.
This fraction of speed by which the rotor speed will slip behind the rotating magnetic field is
known as slip. i.e. Slip (S) = (Ns- N)/ Ns
Where, Ns = Synchronous speed
N = Rotor speed

Three phase induction motor