Solar Based EV Charging station.
Prof.N.N. Jangle, Pratik Patil, Priyanka Nikam, Sushant Sonar, Vedant Singnapurkar.
Department of electrical engineering, K.K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research Nashik,
India
Abstract-
Solar systems have been increasingly used in the
generation of electrical energy because the cost of
energy produced from fossil fuels is rising day-to-
day and there by photovoltaic energy becomes a
promising alternative source for fossil fuel. The
most important problems growth the quantity of
research on the electrical car charging station, the
load on the local grid & excessive cost. This
project is the design of 4-E car, 1-E bus, 2-E
scooter a solar-based charging station connected
to the local grid and storage system. This system
is a combination of two systems are connected
through a DC link. The solar energy-controlled
DC/DC converter and maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) system. The second system is the
energy storage system with battery storage and a
current controlled bidirectional DC/DC
converter. The designed station is intended to
make use of solar power while retaining the
connection with the local grid for emergency
cases. The EV charging station was designed and
simulated in MATLAB Simulink. This study will
help in the renewable energy charging station of
electric vehicles and satisfy the charging demand
of EV users, most importantly, reducing the
energy cost.
Keywords: –Solar plates, DC to DC converter,
MPPT, Grid, Storage Battery, MATLAB
software.
I.INTRODUCTION
A. Global scenario
Electric vehicles (EVs) and their charging
stations are already a fact in India, and their
miles going to transform the entire
transportation region soon. Some of the
prevailing EVs currently on foot on the Indian
roads are Mahindra e2O, REVA, Ather bikes,
and some others. The vital motives riding the
Indian car vicinity are energy protection for
decreasing fuel online import and dependency
on wonderful countries, weather alternate goals,
air pollution good buy it is in particular CO2
emissions, and business competitiveness. The
EVs require the presence of EV chargers in
location on the roads earlier than the EVs for
comfort in charging EV batteries which affect
an effect on drastically the adoption fee of EVs
and their utilization. There are instructions for
charging gradual charging and fast charging
(FC). The normal slow charging (moreover
referred to as AC charging) is implemented in
homes and public places with energy rankings
lots whole lot much less than 22 kW (22 kW is
used at some point in Europe and India). The
first-rate gradual charging stations have
strength scores collectively of three. 3 kW, 7
kW, eleven kW, 15 kW, 19 kW (predominantly
used withinside the United States), and 22 kW.
Recently TESLA enterprise has introduced the
very first-class capability AC charging station
for charging EV batteries in a short time, that Is,
the TESLA AC charger which has a
functionality of forty-3 kW and far slow
charging (or rapid AC charging).
B. Indian scenario
He first scheme with appreciation to EVs
through the Indian government have become
launched in 2013, the National Electric Mobility
Mission Plan (NEMMP). The primary intention
of NEMMP is to offer a guide for selling EV
technology viz. Demand incentives, production
incentives, improvement of charging stations,
and research. The incentives had been for
achieving a powerful intention of Rs. 50 to 70
lakhs (this is approximately 14%- 16% EV
penetration in sales) of the trendy electric
powered and hybrid automobiles via 2020. The
scheme affords a rebate of Rs.7500 to 22 000
from sixty-eligible models from 11 specific
device manufacturers (OEMs) of India. In 2015,
the “Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Electric Vehicles in India” 2 of 19 KUMAR
KETAL. (FAME) the scheme has become
launched to understand the targets set via
NEMMP. India has presently 30 lakh BEVs
together with 23.8 lakh electric-powered three-
wheelers (E-three W), 6 lakh electric-powered
two-wheelers (E-2 W), and 0.1 lakh cars. The
Indian EV marketplace is ruled through E-three
W it definitely is used pretty in towns and 5
cities for commutation and E-2 W comprises the
most effective three% to 4% of high-pace
vehicles (>25 km/h). The Indian authorities
expect e-mobility will take over the
transportation quarter through 2050. All Indian
nation governments are already withinside the
procedure of finalizing their rules and
guidelines for EV adoption to satisfy the goal of
FAME-II. Six States viz. Andhra Pradesh,
Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Telangana have
posted EV rules.
 II. SOLAR PV CHARGING STATION 𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑉 (𝑉𝐷𝐶 −𝑉𝑆𝑆𝑉 )
L= (2)
∆𝑖 ×𝑓𝑠 ×𝑉𝐷𝐶
A. Design of system: -
3. Duty Cycle: -
Fig. shows on grid and Off grid the block 𝑉
D=1- 𝑆𝑆𝑉 (3)
diagram of the proposed system. The boost 𝑉𝐷𝐶

converter uses the MPPT algorithm and II. Selection of Capacitor:

extracts maximum solar power at all instants. 4. Capacitor: -
𝐷
The BESS can store the energy from renewable C= 𝑉𝐷𝐶 ∆𝑉𝐸𝑉𝐵 (4)
( )×( )
energy sources like solar, wind, etc., and also 𝐼𝐶𝐺𝑆 𝑉𝐷𝐶

supply energy during the night time or non-

solar periods. The advantages of BESS C. Boost Converter: -
powered charging is a clean energy source, can Boost converter is also called as the step-up
deliver power during both day and night times, converter as output of Boost converter is always
and the disadvantages are high upfront cost and greater than that of the input. Boost converter
large size. The bidirectional converter helps in consists of input voltage source, switch,
charging and discharging the storage battery. inductor, diode, capacitor and resistor which
And also connected grid connection emergency acts as a load. The switch can be closed or open
case. depends on the output requirement. The output
voltage across the load or resistor is always
greater than that of input voltage. A boost
regulator can step up the voltage without a
transformer. Due to a single switch, it has a high
efficiency.
I. Selection of Inductor: -
1. Inductance: -
𝑉 (𝑉 −𝑉 )
L= 𝐼𝑁 𝐷𝐶 𝐼𝑁 (5)
∆𝑖 ×𝑓𝑠 ×𝑉𝐷𝐶
II. Selection of Capacitor:
1. Capacitor: -
𝑉𝐷𝐶
C= ]^2×𝐼
(6)
4∆𝑉𝑃𝑉×[𝑓𝑠
Fig.1 Block diagram of solar based EV charging station
connected with grid. D. Buck Converter: -
B. Bidirectional converter- The buck converter is composed of the voltage
of the DC-link as an input source Vdc, Inductor
A bidirectional converter model is presented (L), capacitor (C) a diode (D), MOSFET (S), as
which two modes i.e., charging and a switch and the output voltage (VEVB) as an
discharging. During charging mode is active as EV battery voltage.
a buck converter, the other is behaved as a I. Selection of Inductor: -
boost converter during discharging mode. 1. Inductance: -
Charging mode: -In charging mode, the Dc link 𝑉 −𝑉
L= 𝐷𝐶 𝐸𝑉𝐵 (7)
is connected as input of bidirectional converter, ∆𝑖 ×𝑓𝑠
and the battery is connected as a load on the Ripple current is calculated as follow: -
output side. The bidirectional converter Ripple current ∆𝑖 = 0.13 × 𝐼
operates in buck mode with components as a II. Selection of Capacitor: -
buck inductor (L) and buck Capacitor (C). 2. Capacitor: -
1−𝐷
Discharging Mode: - similarly in discharging C= ∆𝑉𝐸𝑉𝐵 (8)
8×𝐿×( )×(𝑓𝑆 )^2
mode bidirectional converter is crossing the Dc 𝑉𝐸𝑉𝐵
link and battery. In this mode battery act as an 3. Duty cycle: -
𝑉
input source and the Dc link through transfer D= 𝐸𝑉𝐵 (9)
𝑉𝐷𝐶
voltage buck converter act as a boost mode
with the help of the corresponding component
value. The component such as inductor boost
(L), capacitor boost(C) boost mode is III. Simulation and Results: -
calculated A. Simulation: -
I. Selection of Inductor:
1. Buck Mode: - In this simulation, there are three converters
𝑉 −𝑉 used in the Simulink Model as shown in the
L= 𝐷𝐶 𝑆𝑆𝑉 (1)
∆𝑖 −𝑓𝑠 following diagram. The MPPT algorithm is
2. Boost Mode: - used for a charge controller with boost control
charging. The discrete system with a time step
of a 5e-06 seconds is used with the constant
input of irradiation value and temperature to the
solar array. The MPPT is commonly used in
many small and medium commercial solar PV
charge controllers and grid-connected inverters
due to its tracking effectiveness and simplicity
of implementation. The MPPT algorithm track
the maximum power of the PV array and output
its duty cycle relevant to the tracked maximum
Fig.4 Simulation Result of E-Bike
power to the battery charge controller. As
shown in Fig.2

Fig.5 Simulation Result of E-Bus

Fig.2 Simulation of an off-grid and on-grid EV charging II. On-Grid Simulation Result: -
station connected with grid
B. Result: -
The proposed Solar Charging Station can
charge up to two E-Bikes, four car and one bus
is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The
station Battery is connected through a
Bidirectional converter, which decides the
mode of operation of the Station Battery i.e., Fig.6 Simulation Result of E-Car
either charging or discharging based on solar
power supplied at that instant. The output of
each part of the entire system has been
simulated separately and the outputs are
depicted in Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5 as an off-grid
charging, and Fig.6, Fig.7, Fig.8 as an on-grid
charging. In this fig.5.5 Red line indicates PV
power voltage, the yellow line indicates
Irradiance, Blueline indicates Temperature.
Fig.3,4,5,6,7,8 SOC indicate blue line, Voltage Fig.7 Simulation Result of E-Scooter
indicates yellow and red line indicates Current.

I. Off-Grid Simulation Result: -

Fig.8 Simulation Result of E-Bus

Fig.3 Simulation Result of E-Car


III. CONCLUSION
As we know 21 cities amongst the world’s 30
most polluted cities are from India and India
stands 5th in the most polluted countries list. The
electricity generation sector is currently the
greatest carbon emitter in India. Also, carbon
particulates emissions from the automobile sector
are rapidly increasing due to the increase in the
number of gasolines powered vehicles. The
effective control of pollution from these two
emerging sectors is related to the greatest
achievement of pollution control objectives. This
project tries to develop a model that combines
solar-powered charging stations for Electric
Vehicles and the use of EVs to simultaneously
reduce pollution from the power generation sector
and automobile sector.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Special thanks go to our guide, Prof.N.N. N
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Global EV Outlook 2021. Paris: IEA; 2021. https://www.
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Jangle for his constant guidance and support in

our project. his keen observation along with
valuable guidelines and suggestions helped us in
completing this particular task. Also, their
valuable advice guided us the most in the
completion of this task.

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