PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
the blood vessels, but is pumped into a cavity.
-Joint legs animals
-Arthropods are the first Phylum animals that
have voluntary muscles.
-Greek word “Arthron”, which means “foot” or
“leg” which collectively means jointed leg
-Largest Phylum of the animal kingdom.
-The body consist of three divisions:
a segmented body, an exoskeleton (made up of
chitin) and jointed appendages.
CHARACTERISTICS
-Exoskeleton containing chitin
-They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
coelomate animals.
-The circulatory system is open and consists of a
heart, arteries, and the open spaces of the
hemocoel.
-They contain colorless blood called
(haemolymph).
- Arthropods are dioecious and have paired
reproductive organs (ovaries, testes).
- Have sensory organs like antennae, eyes
(compound and simple), statocysts, or
balancing organs.
- Undergo internal fertilization in other group
MORPHOLOGY
- They are Bilateral Symmetry
- right and left sides of the body are exactly the
mirror image of each other.
- They have segmented body
-head and thorax are fused together into
cephalothorax
- They have joint appendages.
-They have Exoskeleton or outside skeleton.
- also known as Arthropod Armor, and made
up of chitin
- Molting – process of shedding an outgrown
skeleton
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The absence of vessels to contain the
blood and it flows freely through the cavities of
the body.
-Hemocoel- where the blood is not enclosed in
RESPIRATION
-process of breathing in oxygen and breathing
out carbon dioxide.
Tracheary system- is a tiny tubes that permit
passage of gases into the interior of the body.
Spiracle- are the openings of surface of some
animals, usually lead to respiratory system.
Aquatic vs Terrestrial
Arthropods Respiration
AQUATIC- they have gills that absorb oxygen
from water
TERRESTIAL- they have book lungs to breath
BOOK LUNGS- are made up of stacks of
folded tissue.
REPRODUCTION
-most of arthropods reproduce sexually
Internal fertilization
-it occurs in exoskeletons arthropods
-oviparity
External fertilization
-occurs in aquatic arthropods like crabs and
lobster
TWO STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
DIRECT DEVELOPMENT- Do not develop
sex organs and they do not have wings.
(E.G) spiders
INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT- involves larval
stages like mosquitoes
an egg is a larva that comes from the larvae-
pupil and to the adult.
CLASSES OF ARTHROPODA
CRUSTACEAN- known as marine life
(e.g) prawns and crabs
Crusta- derived from the word shell.
-both aquatic and terrestrial.
divided into two parts: Cephalothorax and
Abdomen
- The Respiration is Branchial through gills.
- The excretion is by green glands.
ARACHNIDA- - is a large and diverse group
that belong to a subphylum.
- known as Chelicerata.
(e.g) scorpions and spider
Arachne- spider
divided into two parts: Cephalothorax and
Abdomen
- Terrestial preadators
- The main types of excretory organs occur in
aracnids are coxal glands and malphigian
tubules.

CHILOPODA AND DIPLODA

-belongs to the sub-strain Myriapoda.
 
Chilopoda- commonly referred to as a
centipedes.
 -can be 4 to 5 inches long.

Diplopoda-commonly referred to as a
millipedes.
-can be 1 to 8 inches long.
They are terrestrial arthropods.
- The excretion occurs through Malpighian
tubules.
- When it comes to their sexual reproduction,
The male Chilopoda deposits bundles of sperm
in the environment known as spermatophores;
they are devoured by female Chilopoda while in
Diplopoda by mating.

HEXAPODA
-commonly known Insecta
- considered as the largest group arthropods
- have chitinous exoskeleton
- The body is divided into 3 body parts; head,
thorax, and abdomen
- - The main excretory organ of the insect is the
Malpighian tubule.

MEROSTOMATA
- Also known as horseshoe crab
-That belongs to subphylum of Chelicerata.
-The body is divided into two parts;
cephalothorax and abdomen
- The respiration is book gills.