On

CELL AND IT’S FUNCTION

Submitted by

+3 III Yr Science
College Roll No-BS(B)-141
Exam Roll No-2002010860040118

Under the Guidance of

H.O.D. Dept. of Zoology

DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
SADHU GOURESWAR DEGREE COLLEGE,
KANIKAPADA, JAJPUR 2022-23
 CERTIFICATE

Mr. Debi Prasad Sahoo

H.O.D of Zoology
This is to certify that Payal Panda bearing
Exam Roll No-2002010860040118 of +3 III years science has
worked satisfactorily under my supervision and the project
entitled “CELL AND IT’S FUNCTION” for bachelor degree in
science (Zoology Hons) embodies his own. This project study
is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for +3
degree in science in Zoology Hons to the best of my
knowledge. This project study has not been submitted for
any other degree or diploma to any other institution.

Signature of the H.O.D Signature of the Guide

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project entitled “CELL AND IT’S FUNCTION” is my own
labour and devotion. It will be my duty to express deep sense
of gratitude to them who helped me to prepare this project.
I pay my deep sense of gratitude to my Supervisor
& Guide Mr. Debi Prasad Sahoo, H,O,D of zoology who
helped me to prepare my project report.
I express sincere thanks to my parents, elders and
my friend their kind help and encouragement to make this
project report.

Payal panda
+3 IIIrd Yr Science
College Roll No-BS(B)-141
Exam Roll No-2002010860040118

Date:
Place:
 DECLARATION
I Payal Panda, a student of final degree Science of S.G College
Kanikapada do here by declare that, this project submitted
by me to S.G Degree College Jajpur in partial fulfilment of the
requirement of the final degree Science is entirely of my
own. The references use in the project study have been duly
acknowledged by me. This project is neither been submitted
to any other university or college nor published at any point
of time before it. Any mistake in this project study is entirely
of my own.

Signature of the candidate

 CONTENTS

❖ Introduction

❖ Cell number, shape and size

❖ Plant cell and animal cell

❖ Components of cell

❖ Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic cell

❖ Reference
 Cell
1.INTRODUCTION
Cell is fundamental, structural and functional unit of our life.
Also cell is known as building block of
our life.
➤ Robert Hooke observed honey comb like dead cell and
coined the term cell in 1665.
➤ Anton von lecumen hock first described a living cell in
1667.
➤ Robert browne discovered nucleus in 1833.
CELL THRORY
➤ All cells arises from pre existing cells through the process
of cell division.
➤ All living organisms are composed of cells an product of
cells.
➤ The body of living organism made up of one
or more cells.
2.CELL NUMBER, SHAPE AND SIZE
NUMBER
Unicellular organism :- Organisms with single cell ,carries all
function like digestion, excretion, respirations, growth and
reproduction (A Celluar).
e.g; amoeba,euglena.
Multicellular organism :- Organisms with more than one
cell is known as muticelluar organism.
Cells in multicellular organism vary in size and shape.
SHAPE
• Parenchyma - polyhedral cells performs storage.
• Sclererchyma -spindle shaped cells & provides support.
• Nerve cell-long and leararched cells conducting
nerve impulse.
• RBC - biconcave and helps in carrying oxygen.
•MUSCLE CELL - spindle shaped concerned with the
movement of body parts.
SIZE
Varies from few microns to few cms.
➤ Smallest living cell is pleuro pneumonia like organisms
0.1um.
➤ Largest living cells is egg of an ostrich 170 to 180
diameter.
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
■ Cell has non living out layer called cell wall found
only in plant cell.

■ Below cell wall is cell membrane enclose

protoplasm, protoplasm has semi fluid matrix
called cytoplasm and large membrane bound
structure called nucleus.

■ Cytoplasm has many membrane bound

organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, golgibodies
mitochondria, plastids etc.

■ They also have non membrane bound organells called

ribosomes, centrosomes.

■ Cytoplasm without cell organells called cytosol

3.PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL

➤ Absent in animal cell.

➤ Cell wall is present.

➤ Chloroplast present.

.
ANIMAL CELL
➤ Absent in plant cell.
➤ Cell wall is absent.
➤ Chloroplast absent.
4.COMPONENTS OF CELL

CELL WELL
• Outer most layer of plant cell,bacterial cell and fungal cell.
• Made up of cellulose.
Function:- Rigidity,protection
CELL MEMBRANE
• Present in all cells.
• Made up of proteins, carbohydrates,
phospholipids.
Function:- It allow outward and inward
movement.
NUCLEUS
■ Largest cell organells present in eukaryotic
■ Spherical in structure.
■ It also has a spherical body called Nuclelous.
FUNCTION:-
✓ Control centre of the cell.
✓Contains genetic material.

5.PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELL

PROKARYOTIC CELL

EUKARYOTIC CELL
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
■ It is a network of membrane bound tubular
structures.
■ It is of 2 types
1// Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2//Rough er.
GOLGICOMPLEX
■ The store the product of eR.
■ They produce lysosomes.
MITOCHANDRIA
■ It is known as the power house of the cell.
■ It synthesis and store energy (ATP).

PLASTIDS
■ It helps in photosynthesis.
LYSOSOMES
■ Also known as suicidal bags of cell.
■ Destroy old and non functional cells.

RIBOSOMES
■ These are site of protein synthesis.
■ prokaryotes have 70s ribosome and eukaryotes have 80s
ribosome.
6.REFERENCES
Allen, R.D. 1985. New observations on cell architecture and dynamics
by video-enhanced contrast optical microscopy. Annu. Rev. Biophys.
Biophys. Chem. 14:265-290.
Bogorad, L. 1982. Regulation of intracellular gene flow in the
evolution of eucaryotic genomes. Pp. 277-295 in J. A. Schiff, ed. On
the Origins of Chloroplasts. Elsevier/North-Holland, New York.
Borisy, G. G., D. W. Cleveland, and D. B. Murphy, eds. 1984.
Molecular biology of the cytoskeleton. Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. 512 pp.
Brown, D. D. 1984. The role of stable complexes that repress and
activate eukaryotic genes. Cell 37:359-365.
Brown, M. S., and J. L. Goldstein. 1986. A receptor-mediated
pathway for cholesterol homeostasis. Science 232:34-47.
Deisenhofer, J., O. Epp, K. Miki, R. Huber, and H. Michel. 1985.
Structure of the protein subunits in the photosynthetic reaction
center of Rhodopseudomonas viridis at 3 A resolution. Nature
318:618-624.de la Chapelle, A., ed. 1985. Human Gene Mapping 8.
Helsinki Con- ference (1985). Eighth International Workshop on
Hunian Gene Mapping. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 40:1-824.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1985. Annual Report and
Summaries of FY 1985 Activities Supported by the Division of
Biological Energy Research. DoE/ER-0147/3. U.S. Department of
Energy, Washington, D.C. 42 pp.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy), 1986. Research in Progress: FY
1986. Summaries of Projects Sponsored by the Office of Health and
Environmental Research. DoE/ER-0185/3. U.S. Department of
Energy, Washington, D.C. 217 pp. Emr, S. D., and T. J. Silhavy. 1982.
Molecular components of the signal sequence that function in the
initiation of protein export. J. Cell Biol 95:689-696.