NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology

Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3
CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

I. INTRODUCTION
The cell is the basic unit of life. The cells in the human body provide structure for the
body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out
specific functions. Cells also contain the body’s genetic material and can make copies of
themselves.

II. PARTS OF THE CELL

Below is an illustration of the cell. Identify each part with an arrow and label with the
corresponding number for each part.

1. Nucleus 4. Cytoplasm 7. Smooth ER 10. Lysosome 13. Centrosome

2. Nucleolus 5. Ribosome 8. Mitochondrion 11. Peroxisome 14. Centrioles
3. Cell membrane 6. Rough ER 9. Golgi apparatus 12.
Microtubule

Fig. 3 Generalized Cell

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

III. THE CELL MEMBRANE

Fig. 2 The Cell Membrane

Briefly describe the structure of the cell membrane and how it regulates the movement
of substances in and out of the cell.

IV. ASSESSMENT
Answer each item guided by the specific instructions for each question set.
A. True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

_True_ 1. The nucleus is the least prominent structure in the cell.

_False_ 2. Cilia protrude from the cell and beat or vibrate.

_True_ 3. The Golgi body or apparatus is a collection of flat sac-like cisternae that look like a
stack of pancakes; they act as storage warehouses of the cell.

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University
_False_ 4. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are called ventricles.

_False_ 5. Cells that have no membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells.

B. Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.

6. In a solution, __Individual__________ atoms or ions of a substance are distributed through

the medium.

7. In a colloid, ____Clumps___________ of atoms are distributed throughout the medium.

8. During cell division, chromatin condenses into thick rod-like structures called
__Chromosomes________, which become visible with a light microscope.

9. The ____Golgi Apparatus______ seems to function as a point within the cell where
compounds to be secreted by the cell are collected and concentrated, and where carbohydrates
are synthesized.

10. Materials enter and exit the cell through the __cell membrane________.

11. In protein synthesis, the process of copying the genetic information from the DNA molecule
onto the messenger RNA molecule is known as ___Transcription_________.

12. The genetic material of a cell is ____deoxyribonucleic acid._________.

13. The folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria where cellular respiration occurs are
called ____cristae__________.

14. Protoplasm outside the nucleus is called ____cytoplasm___________.

15. A special molecule called __Messenger RNA______ copies the code from the DNA molecule
in the nucleus.

C. Matching Type

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. protein synthesis d. site of photosynthesis
b. powerhouse of the cell e. cellulose
c. locomotion

__B._16. mitochondrion

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

__A. 17. ribosomes

__D._18. chloroplasts

__E._19. plant cell wall

__C._20. flagella

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. first to observe living cells under a microscope
b. first described cells
c. redistributes chromosomes
d. basic unit of biological organization of the human body
e. channels of the endoplasmic reticulum

__C_ 21. centriole

_E.__ 22. cisternae

__D._ 23. cell

_B.__ 24. Hooke

_A__ 25. Leeuvenhoek

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