Results

In this laboratory experiment, the experimenters identified whether compound A,

compound B, and compound C were hydrocarbon or not through combustion, solubility test
for polar compound and nonpolar compound, and reaction with potassium permanganate
(KMnO4).

A. Combustion

Combustion is technically a scientific term for burning. Although combustion is an

exothermic reaction that produces heat, the reaction can occasionally occur relatively slowly,
and the temperature change is not noticeable. Accordingly, the researchers used a lit match to
light a fire and test the combustibility of compound A, compound B, and compound C.

Compound Flame Intensity Observations

A   Nonflammable  The flame produced using match
and match sticks have no
noticeable effect on the
compound.
B   Moderate  The compound dissolved as the
Intensity flame distinguished.
 Top: Orange, Bottom: Blue
 The orange part of the flame was
more dominant than the blue part
of the flame.
C   High Intensity  The compound produced a flame
 More that is orange-dominant in color.
flammable
than
Compound B
Table 1: Observations of the Compounds’ Reaction to Fire

As indicated in Table 1, compound A is not flammable, and the combustibility test

revealed no apparent reaction. Compound B reacted to the fire produced by a lit match,
generating a moderately intense fire. The orange aspect of the flame in compound B
predominated over its blue component. Additionally, compound B dissolved as the fire
distinguished. On the one hand, compound C resulted in a fire with high intensity and
generally orange in color. Moreover, compound C is more ignitable than compound B.

B. Solubility Test for Polar Compound

To determine the ability of compound A, compound B, and compound C to dissolve

in water, the solvent used in this experiment, the experimenters conducted solubility tests.
The experimenters also determined whether each compound was polar or nonpolar.

Compound Layer Polar / Nonpolar

A  No layer Polar
 No observed particles
B  No layer Polar
 There were small particles observed.
C  There was a formation of layer. Nonpolar
 There were observed particles (bubbles
formed) after shaking.
Table 2: Observations on the Water Solubility of Polar and Nonpolar Compounds

The results revealed that compound A and compound B are polar compounds and did
not form any layers of substances. There were no observed particles in compound A, while
there were small particles observed in compound B. On the contrary, compound C is a
nonpolar compound as there was a layer formation and small particles. Additionally,
hydrocarbons are nonpolar compounds. Therefore, compound C is a hydrocarbon.

C. Solubility Test for Nonpolar Compound

The experimenters performed solubility tests to identify whether compound A,

compound B, and compound C were dissolvable in hexane (C6H14), the solvent used in this
experiment. The experimenters also ascertained whether each compound was polar or
nonpolar.

Compound Layer Polar / Nonpolar

A With layer Polar
B Without layer Nonpolar
C Without layer Nonpolar
Table 3: Observations on the Hexane Solubility of Polar and Nonpolar Compounds
 As depicted in Table 3, compound A is a polar compound since it developed a layer
when combined with hexane. In contrast, when compound B and compound C were
combined individually with hexane, there were no layers formed. As a result, compound B
and compound C are nonpolar.

D. Reaction with KMnO4

Two ions—permanganate ion and potassium ion—make up the water-soluble

compound potassium permanganate (KMnO4). In line with this, the experimenters tested
compound A, compound B, and compound C separately to determine whether these
compounds formed an emulsion when combined with potassium permanganate.

Compound Emulsion Polar / Nonpolar

A With Emulsion / Miscible Nonpolar
B With Emulsion / Miscible Nonpolar
C Without Emulsion / Polar
Immiscible
Table 4: Compounds’ Reactions with Potassium Permanganate

As an emulsion emerged, the results indicated that compound A and compound B are
nonpolar. Contrarily, compound C is polar because it did not generate an emulsion.
 References

Helmenstine, A. M. (2020, January 9). What Is a Combustion Reaction? ThoughtCo.

https://www.thoughtco.com/combustion-reactions-604030

KMnO4 - Potassium Permanganate. (2021, March 22). BYJUS.

https://byjus.com/chemistry/kmno4/