ANIMAL SCIENCE

TERMINOLOGIES
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ANIMAL SCIENCE TERMINOLOGIES  SPAYING- the process of removing the

GENERAL TERMS
 RUMINANT- a cud chewing animals,
having compound stomach namely
rumen, reticulum, omasum, and
abomasum.
 ESTROUS CYCLE- the interval from the
beginning of one heat period to the
beginning of the next heat.
 ESTROUS PERIOD - the period of one
heat or a period of sexual receptivity in
the female
 COPULATION- the act of mating
 DAM- the female parent
 SIRE- the male parent
 FERTILIZATION- the union of sperm
cells and the egg cells
 CONCEPTION- the act of fertilization
 GESTATION- pregnancy time from
conception to birth
 PARTURITION- the act of giving birth
or delivery.
 Calving- the act of giving birth
in cows
 Caracalving- the act of giving
birth in carabaos
 Farrowing- the act of giving
birth in sows
 Foaling- the act of giving birth in
mare/ broodmare
 Kidding- the act of giving birth
in does( nanny goats)
 Lambing- the act of giving birth
in ewes.
 Kindling- the act of giving birth
on does(rabbits).
 SUCKLING- the young animals from
birth to weaning.
 WEANING- the process of separating
the young animals from its dam.
 WEANLING- the young animals after
separation from its dam.
 PUBERTY- the period during which the
reproductive organ first become
functional.
 FERTILITY- the ability to produce
fertilizable ova and to provide proper
environment for and initiating cell
division and embryonic development ;
the ability to produce large number of
sperm cells capable of fertilization.
 FECUNDITY- the ability to give birth to
offspring of numerous young at frequent
intervals.
 PROLIFICACY- the ability to produce
large number of offspring per
parturition.
 STERILITY- inability to produce normal
young
 IMPOTENCY- failure to copulate
 CASTRATION- the process of removing
the primary sex organ of the male
animal
primary sex organ of the female animal
 PROVEN SIRE- a sire that has
sufficient unselected information to
indicate its transmitting ability.
 CRYPTORCHID- a male animal whose
testes, one or two failed to descend into
the scrotal sac
 LACTATION- the period during which
the animal produce milk from time of
delivery of her young until normal milk
production.
 SELECTION- the process of selecting
desirable animals from herd
 TRANSMITTING ABILITY- the ability
of an animal to pass on either good or
bad traits to its progeny.
 CULLING- the process of eliminating
undesirable animals from the herd.
CATTLE
(Bos taurus, Bos indicus)
 OX- ruminant member of the bovine
family, or sometimes the male used for
draft purposes.
 CATTLE- domesticated bovine animals
 BULL- a mature male breeding cattle.
 COW- a mature female breeding cattle,
one that has given birth.
 CALF- a young offspring of a cattle of
either sex less than one year of age.
 BULL CALF- a male calf
 HEIFER CALF- a female calf
 HEIFER- a female cattle that has not
yet produced any offspring.
 HEIFERETTE- a large heavy heifer that
has already delivered an offspring.
 BULLING HEIFER- a heifer that bred at
age for breeding usually from 15 months
to the first service, or mating.
 SPAYED HEIFER- a heifer whose
ovaries has been removed by the
process/ operation called spaying of the
female animal.
 STEER- a male cattle whose testes has
been removed / castrated before
reaching sexual maturity.
 STAG- a male cattle whose testes has
been removed / castrated after sexual
maturity.
 STAG BULLOCK- used for doing work
or as draft animal.
 YEARLING- a cattle of either sex that is
between 1-2 years old.
 SHORT YEARLING- a yearling between
1-1 ½ years old
 LONG YEARLING- a yearling between
1 ½ - 2 years old
 FREEMARTIN- an imperfectly sexed
and infertile heifer born with a bull
 STOCKERS- young cattle that is being
fed and cared for, in such a way for
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growth rather than improvement may

be realized.
 POLLED CATTLE-a naturally or
genetically hornless cattle (Ex.
Aberdeen, Galloway, and Red Poll)
 DEHORNED CATTLE- a horned cattle
made hornless by the application of
caustic potash or heat destroying the
horn forming cells.
 LACTATING COWS- cows that are in
milk production.
 DRY COWS- cows that are not
producing milk or has not produced a
calf during the current breeding season.
 SERVING – the act of mating cows
 VEALER- a calf suitable for veal usually
less than 3 months of age and wholly
milk fed.
 VEAL- the meat of calf less than 3
months old
 BOOVEAL- the meat of very young calf,
or newly born calf
 BEEF- the meat of a mature cattle.
 HIDE- the skin of mature cattle.
 CALFSKIN- the skin of young cattle
which produce softer leather.
 HERD-a group of cattle/ grouping of
cattle
 BREEDER STOCK- animal intended for
breeding purposes.
CARABAO
(Bubalus bubalis, Bubalus carabenensis)
 CARABULL- a mature male breeding
carabao
 CARACOW- a mature female breeding
carabao
 CARACALF- young offspring of a
carabao either sex less than one year of
age
 CARAHEIFER- a female carabao that
has not yet produced any young
 CARAHEIFERETTE- a female carabao
that has delivered a young ones.
 CARASTEER- a male carabao castrated
while young or before reaching sexual
maturity.
 CARASTAG- a male carabao castrated
after reaching sexual maturity.
 CARACALVING- the act of giving birth
in carabaos
 SERVING- the act of mating in
carabaos
 CARABEEF- the meat of a mature
carabaos
 CARAVEAL- the meat of a very young
carabao.
 LACTATING CARACOWS- caracows
that are producing milk.
 HERD- groupings of carabao

PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
Age of puberty of 8-10
females(months) Age of puberty of female 24-36
Estrous Cycle (days) 21 days (months)
Estrous length 12-18 hours
Time of Ovulation 10-15 hrs Estrous cycle (days) 21
after end of
heat Estrous length 18-24 hours
Gestation (days) 283
Offspring per parturition 1 Time of ovulation 3rd to 4th
Age of puberty of males 10-12 days of
(months) estrus
Female to male ratio at 25-40 Gestation (days) 330 days
normal breeding Offspring per parturition 1
Normal temperature 37-41 C Age of puberty (male)
Mammary glands 4 Female to male ratio at
normal breeding
Volume ejaculate (cc) 5-7
Normal temperature 38-39
Sperm/ cc 1.2 billion
Mammary glands 4
Normal respiration rate/ 18-28
Volume ejaculate (cc)
min
Sperm/ cc
Normal heart rate/ min 60-70
Normal respiration rate/ 24-29
Expected productive life 10
min
(year)
Normal heart rate/ min 56-60
Expected productive life 20
(year)
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SWINE
(Sus domesticus, Sus scrofa)

 BOAR- a mature male breeding swine CHICKEN

 SOW- a mature female breeding swine (Gallus gallus, Gallus domesticus)
 PIGLET- a young pig of either sex
 BROOD SOW- a sow with a litter  COCK/ROOSTER- a male breeding
 BARROW- a male swine castrated chicken
before reaching sexual maturity  HEN- a female breeding chicken
 STAG-a male swine castrated after  CHICK- a young chicken of either sex
sexual maturity. until weaning
 GILT- a female swine that has not yet  BABY CHICK- a very young newly
produced any young. hatched chick usually from 1-3 days old.
 LITTER- a group of piglets in one  STRAIGHT RUN BABY CHICK- are
farrowing very young chick not classified as to
 LITTER SIZE- a number of piglets in a their sexes.
little born in one farrowing.  SEXED BABY CHICK- are very young
 FARROWING- the act of giving birth in chicks classified as to their chicks.
swine.  PULLET- a young female chicken at
 COUPLING- the act of giving birth in least 10 weeks of age until first day of
swine. an egg.
 PORK – the meat of swine.  COCKEREL- a male chicken at least 10
 DROVE- grouping in swine. weeks of age until sexual maturity.
 SHOTE- a pig of either sex weighting  CAPON- a male chicken rendered sterile
approximately 45-70 kg or 60 kg. by the removal of the testicles.
 MARKET HOG- a pig that is ready for  CAPONETTE- a male chicken rendered
market or butchering usually weighting sterile through the administration of
from 80-120 kg or between 7-9 months. certain drugs or hormones like
diethylstilbestrol.
PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA  SPAYED CHICKEN- a female chicken
rendered sterile by the removal of the
Age of puberty of 4-7 months ovaries.
female(months)  BROILER- a fast growing chicken raised
Estrous cycle (days) 20 principally for meat production for only
Estrous length 48-72 hours 42-45 days.
Time of ovulation Mid estrous or 30  LAYER- a chicken raised for egg
hrs after start of production
estrous  MOLTING- a biological process of
Gestation (days) 114 days shedding off of feathers.
Offspring per 8-10  OVIPOSITION- the act of laying an
parturition egg.
Age of puberty of male 4-8 months  OVULATION- the released of the yolk
(months) from the ovary into the funnel of the
Female to male at 25-50 oviduct.
normal breeding  CAPONIZATION- the process of
Normal temperature 38.9-39.5 C removing the primary sex organs of the
Mammary glands 4-9 pairs male animal specifically for poultry.
 INCUBATION- the hatching process of
Volume ejaculate (cc) 200-300
a female fertile eggs whereby favorable
Sperm/ cc 100-200 billion
environmental conditions like RH,
Normal respiration 15-24
position, candling, and turning are
rate/ min
provided.
Normal heart rate/ min 60-80
 POULTRY- a collective term for all
Expected productive 6-8
domestic birds rendering economic
life (year) service to man.
 FOWL- term applied to all poultry
species specifically, applied to
designated mature domestic cocks and
hens. Poultry can also refer to the
dressed carcass of fowl.
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 CHICKEN- the most popular poultry  NANNY KID- a female kid

species different from turkeys, ducks,  DRY DOE- a doe that is not producing
quails, geese, etc. milk or doe that has not produced a kid
 PLUMAGE- the feather of the fowl during the season.
 AGE OF PUBERTY OF  MILKING DOE- lactating doe or a doe
FEMALE(MONTHS)- 4-6 that is in milk.
 TIME OF OVULATION- 30 minutes  BUCKING- the act of mating in goat.
after laying  KIDDING- the act of giving birth in
 FEMALE TO MALE RATIO AT NORMAL goat
BREEDING- 10-15  GOATLING- a weanling female goat
 NORMAL TEMPERATURE- 40-42 C until first kidding
 NORMAL RESPIRATION RATE/ MIN-  WETHER GOAT- a male goat castrated
14-26 before reaching sexual maturity.
 NORMAL HEART RATE / MIN- 130-  STAG GOAT- a male goat castrated
160 after sexual maturity.
 CHEVON- the meat of the goat
 PELT- undressed skin of the goat with
DUCK its hairs
(Mallard – Anas platyrhyncos, Muscovy-  MOHAIR- the hair of the goat
Cairina moschata)  BAND- grouping in goats.

 BALIKBAYAN- refers to ducks which PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA

have done first to second laying year
and being sold as ready to lay Age of puberty of female 7-10 months
 BROODING- a period when duckling is Estrous cycle(days) 20
provided with heat either by natural or Estrous lengtht 34-38 hours
artificial means. Time of ovulation-late 18-26 hours after
 BROODY- trait of ducks characterized estrous start of heat
by desire to sit on the eggs. Gestation (days) 148
 CANDLING- process of placing the egg Offspring per parturition 2
before a strong light to get an outline of Age of puberty of 4-6 months
the egg content and detect fertile and male(months)
infertile eggs. Female to male ratio at 30-50
 INFERTILE EGGS- egg set in the normal breeding
incubator and found to contain no Normal temperature 38-40
developing embryo after candling. Mammary glands 2
 SEXUAL MATURITY- time when
Volume ejaculate (cc) 1
primary and secondary sexual organs of
Sperm/ cc 2.0 billion
the birds are fully matured. The surest
Normal respiration rate/ 12-20
sign of the sexual maturity of the bird is
min
laying an egg.
Normal heart rate/ min 70-80
 DRAKE- an adult male duck used for
breeding Expected productive life 6-10
(year)
 DUCK HEN- a female duck used for
breeding
 DUCKLING- a young duck of either sex. SHEEP
 GREENDUCK- a duck raised until 10 (Ovis aries)
weeks of age and sold as meat.
 BALUT- a partially incubated egg which  RAM- a mature male breeding sheep
is boiled and sold for human  EWE- a mature female breeding sheep
consumption.  LAMB- a young sheep of either sex
 PENOY- an incubated egg which is  RAM LAMB- a young male sheep /male
infertile, removed from the incubator lamb
through candling, boiled and sold for  EWE LAMB- a young female sheep/ a
human consumption. female lamb
 GIMMER- a yearling female sheep
between second and third shearing
GOAT  WETHER SHEEP- a male sheep
(Capra hircus) castrated while still young or before
reaching sexual maturity.
 BUCK/ BILLY GOAT- a mature male  STAG/ SEGG- a male sheep castrated
breeding goat. after reaching sexual maturity.
 DOE/ NANNY GOAT- a mature female  TUPPING- the act of mating in sheep
breeding goat.  LAMBING- the act of giving birth in
 KID- a young goat of either sex sheep
 BILLY KID- a male kid  YEAN/ EAN- another term for lambing
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 SHEARING- the process of harvesting  GELDING- a male horse castrated

wool in mature sheep before reaching sexual maturity.
 SHEARLING- a yearling sheep of either  STAG- a male horse castrated after
sex more than one year of age. reaching sexual maturity
 TWO-SHEAR SHEEP-a two year old  YELD MARE- a dry mare; mare that has
sheep not produced any offspring during the
 MUTTON- the meat of a mature sheep breeding season or a mare that is not
 LAMB MEAT- the meat of the lamb/ or producing milk
of a young sheep  RIDGLING- stallion with only one
 WOOL- the hair of the sheep testes or none in its scrotum.
 SHORN WOOL- the hair or wool which  EQUITITION- horsemanship; the act of
is removed through sheering riding on horseback
 PULLED WOOL- the hair or wool which  HORSEMEAT- the meat of horse
is separated from the skin after the skin  HERD- the grouping of horse
has been removed from the sheep
carcass or after slaughtering of the PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
sheep.
 FLEECE- the skin and hair of the sheep Age of puberty of 15-24
 PELT- wool and fiber together female(months)
 NOLLS- waste wool Estrous cycle(days) 22
 FLOCK- grouping in sheep Estrous lenght 4-8 days
Time of ovulation 1-2 days before
PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA estrous
Gestation (days) 346
Age of puberty in 5-7 Offspring per parturition 1
females(months) Age of puberty of males 13-18 months
Estrous cycle(days) 16 Female to male ratio at 20-30
Estrous lenght 24-36 hours normal breeding
Time of ovulation Late estrous Normal temperature 37.5-38.5
Gestation (days) 148 Mammary glands 2
Offspring per parturition 1-2 Volume ejaculate (cc) 75-150
Age of puberty of 4-6 Sperm/ cc 150 million
males(months) Normal respiration rate/ 8-16
Female to male ratio at 35-60 min
normal breeding Normal heart rate/ min 32-44
Normal temperature 38-40 Expected productive life 20-25
Mammary glands 2 (year)
Volume ejaculate (cc) 0.75-1.5
Sperm/ cc 2.0 billion END
Normal respiration rate/ 12-24
min
Normal heart rate/ min 70-80
Expected productive life 6-8
(year)

HORSE

(Equus caballus)

 STALLION- a mature male horse

 MARE- a mature female horse
 STUDHORSE- a mature male horse
intended for breeding purposes.
 BROODMARE- a mature female horse
intended for breeding purposes
 FOAL- a young offspring of either sex
less than one year old
 COLT- a young male horse from 1-3
years old
 FILLY- a young female horse from 1-3
years old
 COVERING- the act of mating in horse
 FOALING- the act of giving birth in
horse