Cambridge University Press

978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

Section 1
Theme 1 Learning about our environment

Topic 1 Family traits

Family traits
1. Explain the following terms:

a) family traits

b) gene

c) genealogy

Dominant and recessive traits

2. Give any three examples of:

a) dominant traits that can be inherited

i)
ii)
iii)
b) recessive traits that can be inherited
i)
ii)
iii)

3. Write a short paragraph to show how eye colour is inherited.

11

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

The importance of family traits

4. List three diseases that are known to run in families.

a)
b)
c)

5. a) A boy’s father has colon cancer. What test should he have done to be screened for
colon cancer?

b) A girl’s mother has breast cancer. What test should she have done to be screened for
breast cancer?

Family genealogy
6. Interpret the following family tree.

Abebi Tayo Dayo Lotanna

Bola Chris

Ray Jola Diana Oladimeji

Justina

= girl

= boy

a) Name:
i) Dayo’s husband ii) Chris’s wife
b) i) How many children did Bola and Chris have?
ii) How many girls and how many boys?
c) i) Who did Jola marry?
ii) What was the name of their child?

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

Topic 2 Environmental hazards I

Soil erosion
1. What is soil erosion?

2. What are the two main causes of soil erosion?

a)
b)

3. What role does climate play in soil erosion?

4. What kind of erosion is shown in this picture?

Human activities that cause soil erosion

5. Explain why repeatedly planting the same crop on the same soil will promote soil erosion.

6. List any other two farming practices that can have a damaging impact on soil.

a)
b)

7. Explain why it is better to plough across a slope rather than up and down. Name this kind
of ploughing.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

Methods of controlling erosion

8. List three methods to help control soil erosion.

a)
b)
c)

Soil erosion in the long term

9. Describe briefly how climate change could affect long-term soil erosion.

Flooding
10. What could be the possible cause of low-lying and coastal areas in Nigeria becoming
flooded in the future? What is this phenomenon called?

11. Define flooding.

12. List two effects of bad flooding.

a)
b)

13. Give two causes of flooding.

a)
b)

14. Which would drain more quickly: a slope, or flat land? Explain your answer.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

15. What is shown in this picture? Why is it not a good situation?

16. Where should proper drainage lead water to?

17. In what way can soil erosion contribute to flooding?

18. List three effects of flooding.

a)
b)
c)

19. Do you think the impact of flooding could be lessened? State who should be responsible for this.

20. List three other ways that flooding could be prevented.

a)
b)
c)

21. Define a floodplain.

22. The northern half of Nigeria is wetter than the southern half. Is this true or false? Explain
your answer.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

Topic 3 Environmental hazards II

Bush burning
1. The table shows the area of land burnt each year in Nigeria.

Year Area of land burnt (hectares)

2011 2 500
2012 3 000
2013 3 800
2014 6 000

Draw a suitable graph to show the data.

2. Provide a summary of the factors that influence bush burning. Write two sentences about
each factor.

Factors influencing
bush burning

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

3. Complete the table below with information about the methods used for bush clearing.

Method of bush clearing Advantages Disadvantages

4. Summarise how bush burning damages the environment.

Deforestation
5. What is deforestation?

6. Summarise the effects of deforestation.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

7. Read the case study about deforestation and answer the questions.

Deforestation negatively impacts on the environment. It causes, amongst other

things, a loss of biodiversity and it causes desertification. Desertification occurs when
land, previously covered with vegetation, becomes degraded and turns into a desert.
Nigeria has an annual deforestation rate of between 350 000 and 400 000 hectares.
Forests are cleared to provide wood for fuel, to clear land for farming and to provide
timber for export. From 1990 to 2010, Nigeria halved the amount of land covered with
forest vegetation. This high deforestation rate has led to an increase in temperature
and a decrease in rainfall in Nigeria.

a) According to the article, what is the rate of deforestation in Nigeria?

b) Give three reasons why deforestation occurs in Nigeria.

i)
ii)
iii)

c) What is desertification?

d) What impact on the climate is deforestation having in Nigeria?

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

Topic 4 Environmental hazards III

Desertification
1. Answer each multiple-choice question by circling the correct option A–D.

a) Desertification is caused by:

I deforestation
II erosion
III fertilising land
A all of them
B I and II only
C II and III only
D I and III only
b) Desertification has the following effects:
I immigration
II soil degradation
III increased productivity
IV loss of biodiversity
A all of them
B I, II and III
C II and IV only
D III and IV only

2. Complete the following sentences:

a) Replacing trees that have been cut down is called

whilst planting trees in a new area is called .
b) Building small walls to keep soil in place on agricultural land will reduce
.
c) Adding organic matter to the soil to improve fertility is called
.
d) Growing crops in different fields at different times of the year is called
.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press
978-1-108-45043-0 — Excellence in Basic Science & Technology for Junior Secondary 3 Workbook
Gail Ingrid Holmes , Helen Collett , Elizabeth Ritchie
Excerpt
More Information

The ozone layer

3. Draw a diagram to show how the ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation.

4. a) What is the main cause of ozone layer depletion in the atmosphere?

b) Give two examples of products in which these chemicals are found.

i)
ii)
c) Describe four ways that humans can reduce ozone layer depletion.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)

10

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org