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Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering

ANPDOY
Muratbekov
Miras
Passive Filters

Report 6(06/05/2022)

Checked by: LAJBER Kristóf

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Table of content:
1. Aim of the measurement………………………………………………………………2
2. Main principles and working procedures………………………………………………2
3. Basic steps and characteristics…………………………………………………………3
4. Measurement results and comparisons…………………………………………………4
4.1. Calculations…………………………………………………………………………..5
4.2 Measurement results…………………………………………………………………..6
5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………7

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Goal of the measurement:

The aim of this measurement review is to study the characteristic measurement of passive low and
high pass filters.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Comparison between circuit diagrams of Passive low pass filter and Passive high pass filter

Devices used:

Table1: Necessary devices to accomplish the report

No. Device Description Image

1 GW digital; DSO; Channels: 2; ≤100MHz;

INSTEK LCD 8"; 2Mpts
Oscilloscpe

2 Festo Safety plugs at the bottom, safety

resistors sockets at the top – each component
has double the connections. As a
result, measurements can be taken at
any time without having to modify
the circuit, and parallel connections
are easy to establish.

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Process of the measurement:
We start by setting the supply voltage on 5 V, the frequency on 100 Hz. On the oscilloscope, we
have two channels, we start measuring the voltage on the capacitor in passive low pass filter and passive
high pass filter 𝑈2 as well as the generator voltage 𝑈1,we do that procedure several times for different
frequency signals values. Then we start to calculate the dB values, 𝐴𝑓 and the cutting frequency 𝑓𝑣 from
the following equations.

Calculations and results

For this measurement we used a 220 Ω resistor and a 1 µF capacitor. We used two channels of
oscilloscope. On channel was connected across the circuit and other across the resistor and capacitor with
respective to the low pass and high pass filter.

1 1
𝑓𝑣 = 2∗𝜋∗𝑅∗𝐶 = 2∗𝜋∗220∗1∗10−6 = 723.43ℎ𝑧 (3)

Low Pass filter

We begin by measuring the values for frequency, which increases in 100 Hz increments until 1000
Hz. Later we start measuring from 1000Hz until 10000Hz with increment of 1000Hz.

First, we start by measuring the dB values for passive low pass filter.

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 Table 2:Low pass filter 100 Hz-10000 Hz

Frequency (nominal) Ch1 U1 (V) Ch2 U2 (V) 𝑨𝒇

[Hz] [𝒅𝑩]
100 10.4 10.4 0

200 10.4 10 -0.34067

300 10.4 9.68 -0.62316

400 10.4 9.28 -0.98971

500 10.4 8.72 -1.53034

600 10.4 8.08 -2.19244

700 10.4 7.6 -2.72439

800 10.4 7.12 -3.29107

900 10.4 6.64 -3.89731

1000 10.4 6.24 -4.43697

2000 10.4 3.76 -8.83691

3000 10.4 2.64 -11.9086

4000 10.4 2 -14.3201

5000 10.4 1.6 -16.2583

6000 10.4 1.36 -17.6699

7000 10.4 1.20 -18.757

8000 10.4 1.12 -19.3563

9000 10.4 1.04 -20

10000 10.4 0.0096 -60.6952

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 Low pass filter blode pot
0

-10

-20

-30
Af [dB]

-40

-50

-60

-70
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
f [Hz]

Figure 2 Low pass filter 100 Hz-10000 Hz

High Pass filter

We use the high pass filter circuit and begin by measuring the values for frequency, which
increases in 100 Hz increments until 1000 Hz. Later we start measuring from 1000Hz until 10000Hz
with increment of 1000Hz.
Table 3:High pass filter 100 Hz-10000 Hz

Frequency (nominal) Ch1 U1 (V) Ch2 U2 (V) 𝑨𝒇

[Hz] [𝒅𝑩]
100 10.4 1.6 -16.2583

200 10.4 2.88 -11.1528

300 10.4 4.16 -7.9588

400 10.4 5.2 -6.0206

500 10.4 6.08 -4.6626

600 10.4 6.72 -3.79328

700 10.4 7.36 -3.00311

800 10.4 7.84 -2.45435

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 900 10.4 8.16 -2.10686

1000 10.4 8.56 -1.69119

2000 10.4 9.76 -0.55167

3000 10.4 10.2 -0.16866

4000 10.4 10.3 -0.08392

5000 10.4 10.4 0

6000 10.4 10.4 0

7000 10.4 10.4 0

8000 10.4 10.4 0

9000 10.4 10.4 0

10000 10.4 10.4 0

High pass filter blode pot

2
0
-2
-4
-6
Af [dB]

-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
f [Hz]

Figure 3 High pass filter 100 Hz-10000 Hz

Conclusion
The low pass filter enables low frequency transmissions while blocking high frequency signals,
according to the experimental results and graphs derived from the measured frequency and dB values.
The cutting frequency, on the other hand, is employed as a reference frequency; frequencies lower than
it pass through the filter, but frequencies larger than it are blocked. The high pass filter should have a
different cutting frequency than the low pass filter, and the remainder should be the same.
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