CT APPLICATIONS

Coiled Tubing Unit and Pumping

Services

www.elnusa.co.id
Introduction
• CT string is a continuous flexible steel tube that is spooled
on a reel
• CT string is run into and retrieve from wellbore by the
injector head which controlled hydraulically from CT cabin

2
 Coiled Tubing History
• D-Day, PLUTO Project (1944)
• Pipe Line Under The Ocean
• 1st Coiled Tubing Work in the Field (1962)
California Oil Company, 1962 and Bowen Oil Tool : sand washing

3
 Coiled Tubing Material
• Material : low carbon steel alloys
• Yield strength (pound per square inch) indicates the
load bearing capacity of material
70K psi, 80K psi, 90K psi, and 110K psi
• Wall thickness configuration :
- Non-tapered string
- Tapered string

4
 Tubing Limitations
Three major limiting factors in the life of coiled tubing:
1. Fatigue and corrosion
2. Pressure and tension
3. Diameter and ovality

5
General CT Unit

6
 CT Applications Overview
• CT Fluid Conveyance
• CT Tool Conveyance
• CT Completions

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Fluid Conveyance
• Circulate the Fluids • Inject the fluids

Nitrogen Circulated to Lift Liquid Stimulation Treatment

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Fluid Conveyance (2)
The main CT fluid conveyance operations are:
• Nitrogen kickoff
• Fill removal (cleanout)
• Cement Placement
• Stimulation: matrix acidizing
• Stimulation: hydraulic fracturing and
stimulation through CT
Foot note 12 pt
 Nitrogen Kickoff
• Well doesn’t flow
• Hydrostatic Pressure greater than formation
pressure
• Technique: CT run into well and nitrogen gas is
circulated through CT into the fluid in the well to
reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the column
• In some cases, the well can be kicked off by
circulating a light fluid : diesel instead of nitrogen
gas
Foot note 12 pt
 Nitrogen Kickoff (2) SP23

SP24
SP25

Foot note 12 pt
Slide 11

SP23 judul slide HARUS sebesar 40 s/d 44 pt dengan font CALIBRI BOLD Warna BIRU
Sri Purwanto, 9/16/2013

SP24 Ukuran font CALIBRI maksimum adalah 32 pt i dengan warna sesuai template (warna hitam) atau menggunakan warna corporate Elnusa
Sri Purwanto, 9/16/2013

SP25 Ukuran font CALIBRI minimum adalah 14 pt dengan warna hitam atau sesuai warna corporate color (biru, merah, hijau).
Sri Purwanto, 9/16/2013
 Fill Removal (cleanout)
• Fill material :
- Reduce, even stop the production of a well by blocking the
flow of oil or gas
- Block S/L or W/L tools from passing well operations
- Prevent DH sleeves and valves from opening and closing

• Common source of fill:

- Sand or fine material from reservoir
- Proppant (used in hydraulic fracturing operations)
- Debris from a workover

Foot note 12 pt
 Fill Removal (cleanout) (2)
• Fill is removed by circulating a fluid through the CT while
slowly penetrating the fill with nozzle
• If consolidated fill : downhole motor or impact hammer
may be required
• The choice of cleanout fluid is very important in ensuring
the success of a fill cleanout operation

Foot note 12 pt
 Fill Removal (cleanout) (3)
Factors Affecting Complexity of Cleanout

Foot note 12 pt
 Fill Removal (cleanout) (4)
Cleanout fluids :
• Water

• Brine : Salt (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2) + water

• Diesel : lighter than water and fewer compatibility problems with reservoir

• Gelled fluid : provide more effective solids carrying than water or diesel

• Nitrified fluids : base fluid is pumped simultaneously with nitrogen. Low

hydrostatic cleanout fluids in low-pressure well

• Foamed fluids : chemical foaming agent is added to base fluid + nitrogen

• Slugs : pumping liquid and nitrogen in alternating stages

Foot note 12 pt
 Fill Removal (cleanout) (5)
BHA Selection:
• CT Connector
• MHA
• Straight Bar
• Nozzle

Foot note 12 pt
 Fill Removal (cleanout) (6)
Job Design:
• Type of fluid to use
• Required pump rate and maximum pressure
• Step Size
• Rate of Penetration
• Bottom-up circulation

Foot note 12 pt
 Cement Placement
Cementing operations:
• Squeeze cementing : sealing off perforations or
casing leaks
• Setting cement plugs inside a wellbore: well
abandonment

Foot note 12 pt
 Cement Placement (2)
Advantages of using CT instead of a workover rig
for these cementing applications :
• No need to pull completion
• Reduce slurry contamination
• Accurate placement is possible

Foot note 12 pt
 Squeeze Cementing
Used to repair wellbore problems :
• Poor zonal isolation : channels behind the
casing
• Casing repair : leaks  corrosion, erosion,
mechanical damage
• water/gas shutoff : unwanted water or gas
production

Foot note 12 pt
 Squeeze Cementing (2)
• Squeezing a specially designed cement slurry
under pressure into existing perforations or
casing leak to provide seal.
• Solids particles form a filter cake, liquid phase
of the cement enters formation matrix.

Foot note 12 pt
 Cement Plugs
• Plugging back a depleted zone
• Annulus cementing
• Abandonment plugs

Foot note 12 pt
 Stimulation
• To improve well production by improving
permeability of the reservoir
• Stimulation via bullheading
• Advantages stimulation thru CT:
- Protecting client completion
- Accurate placement
- Less contamination
- Integrated treatment

Foot note 12 pt
 Stimulation (2)
• Matrix treatment :
- Pump Pressure < Frac pressure
- Acid
• Hydraulic fracturing :
-Pump pressure > Frac Pressure
- Slurry : gelled fluid containing sieved sand or proppant
- High treatment volume, high pump rates and high
pressures  majority carried out by bullheading

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Tool Conveyance
• CT Fishing
• CT Milling
• Zonal isolation / CT Packer
• CT perforation
• CT Drilling

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Fishing
• To retrieve tool/downhole device (fish) from a
wellbore
• Generally, Slickline is used as first option for fishing
due to its speed an high level of control in fishing
operation. However, in certain cases, CT is used
because of following advantages:
- Rigidity and strength : in highly deviated and
horizontal wells where SL cannot reach
- Pulling capacity
- Fluid circulation
Foot note 12 pt
 CT Fishing (2)

• Internal fishing neck : has a • External fishing neck : a

profile on the inner bore profile on the outer body
• Retrieval tool: fishing spear • Retrieval tool: overshot
 latch to the fish by enters which fits over the fishing
inside the fishing neck neck

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Auxiliary Fishing Tool
• Jar : to delivers a sudden upward or downward
impact force to the toolstring below the jar
• Accelerator : store the energy which will be released
when the jar fires and also helps protect the upper
toolstring and CT from the shock load caused by the
jar impact

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Milling
Removal of an obstruction in the wellbore with a
downhole motor and a milling bit.
Application:
- Removing hard scale
- Milling out a composite temporary bridge plug
- Milling out cement plug

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Milling (2)
Milling tools:
- Motor : convert the hydraulic power of the pumped
fluid into rotation. Many different configurations of
output speed (rpm) an torque are available.
- Bit : type of bit depends on what you plan to mill
downhole.

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Milling (3)
Common mills bit:
- Step mill: removal of nipple profile and scale remocal
- Bladed mill: stationary objects e.g: cement plug, BP

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Milling (4)
- Rotary shoe : hollow cylindrical milling tool. For stuck
CT or tubing, slips on packers and BP to release it
- Underreamer: clean out below restriction

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Zonal Isolation
To isolate a section of the wellbore  packer
Types of packer :
-Mechanical packers (tension/compression set)
-bridge plugs

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Logging
• Downhole surveys carried
out with very specialized
electronic tools to gather
detailed information on the
formation and wellbore
• CT logging in highly deviated
or horizontal well.

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Logging (2)
Methods to retrieve the log data:
- Real time : information is transferred uphole through
wireline cable installed inside CT

- Memory mode : information is recorded in the tool

and later retrieved at the surface for analysis.
Doesn’t require a wireline cable inside CT

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Perforation
• Perforation : process of
shooting holes in the
wellbore cemented casing
or liner to enable oil or gas
flow from reservoir into the
wellbore.
• Generally done with
explosives deployed in
special perforation guns

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Perforation (2)
2 Methods of activating or firing the perforation guns
on CT:
- Hydraulically activated perforation : use standard CT
string and firing mechanism is activated by pumping
a ball through the CT string an pressuring up

- Electrically activated perforation : requires CT string

with cable inside CT. CT is only used to place the guns
in the correct position, gun firing is controlled from
the wireline unit.

Foot note 12 pt
 CT Drilling
Conventional Vs CTD :
-String rotation
- Circulation
- WOB: IH in CTD applies additional snubbing force
- Reduce reservoir damage : UB drilling technique

CTD disadvantages:
-Limited life of the CT
- Less industry experience
- Additional operating cost
Foot note 12 pt
 CT Drilling (2)
CTD Applications :
-New wells
- Previously drilled wells :
- deepening an existing
well to access deeper
reserves
- drilling a horizontal
sidetrack to increase
production from an old
well
Foot note 12 pt
 CT Completion
• CT string or section of a CT string is left in the
wellbore as a permanent part of the completion
• Methods to prolong the life of old wells where
production is declining or the completion is damaged

Foot note 12 pt
 Thank You SP13

Terima Kasih

PT Elnusa Tbk.
Graha Elnusa
Jl. T.B. Simatupang Kav. 1B
Jakarta 12560, Indonesia
Tel: +62 21-788308050
Fax: +62 21-78830907
www.elnusa.co.id
Slide 41

SP13 Pada slide terakhir gunakan kalimat Thank You atau Terima Kasih dng meggunakan font CALIBRI BOLD warna biru corporate seperti
pada template ini; ukuran 60 pt.
Sri Purwanto, 9/16/2013