10

TOPIC 27 Line Spectra

The table below gives the energies of the six lowest levels or n the paint is heated by the daylight and gives out visible
the hydrogen atom: radiation.
C the long wavelength inrra-red radiation in sunlight
Level II I 2 3
causes some colours to become brighter.
EnergylJ -2.2 x IO- IX -5.3 x 10-IY -2.4 X IO- IY
D light falls on the paint rrom many directions bUI is
Level II 4 5 6 dirrracted only in the direction of the eye.
11
Energy/J -I .3 x 10-IY -8.0 x I (j-'o -6.0 x I (j-'o E the pigment or the paint is radioactive and radioactive
emission is accompanied by light in the visible region.
When an electron changes levels from /l = 6 to II = I, the
J80111/9
spectral line emitted has a wavelength 9.1 x 10-x m. The
wavelength of the spectral line emitted by the transition
from /l = 4 to /l = 3 is approximately
6 The line spectrum of hydrogen includes no X-ray frequencies
because
A 4.5 X 10- 10 m D 1.8 x 10-4 m
A hydrogen nuclei do not contain neutrons.
B 4.5 x lO-x m E 1.6 x 10-4 m
11 hydrogen cannot be raised to a sufficiently high
C 1.8x 10--om 177/11/34 temperature.
C the cut-off frequency cannot be reached.
2 A fluorescent pigment has a characteristic wavelength at D there are too rew electronic energy levels in the
which it Iluoresces. It is excited only by absorbing radiation hydrogen atom.
of wavelength shorter than the characteristic wavelength. A E the ionisation energy or a hydrogen atom is too low.
red fluorescent pigment will not be excited by J80/11138
A radiation from a filament at a high temperature.
B light from a sodium discharge tube. 7 The energy levels of an electron in a hydrogen atom are
given by
C monochromatic blue light.
D infra red radiation. £_ -_-13.6
0 e Y . were
h ' II --1')3
• _, ....
E sunlight. 178/11/28 n-
The energy required to excite an electron rrom the ground
3 An atom emits a spectral line of wavelength A when an electron state to the IIrst excited state is 12
makes a transition between levels of energy E 1 and £,. A 3.4 eY C 10.2 cY E 27.2 eY
Which expression correctly relates A. E, and E,? 11 4.5 eY D 13.6 eY N80/IIIJ6

A C A= c 8 Which of the rollowing provides experimental evidence for

" (£1 - £,)
discrete electron energy levels in atolllS'?
D A= ...£!!..... A the spectrum of a tungsten rilament lamp
£1- £,
11 the spectrum of a sodium discharge lamp
179/11/37; J87/1/29; J97/1/28
C the photoelectric elTect
D the emission of ~-particles by radioactive atoms
4 The energies of four levels of the hydrogen atom are
E the emission of y-rays by radioacti ve atoms
level P, -/3.60 eY; level Q, -3.40 eY; level R, -1.50 eY; J8 J/1l/36; N85/I/28; J88/1/29
level S, -0.85 eY.
Taking the Planck constant as 6.63 x J 0-3~ J s, the electron
9 Electrons emitted by a hot fil:1Jnent pass down a tube
containing hydrogen and are then collected by an anode
charge as -1.60 x 10-IY C and the speed of I ight as
which is maintained at a positive potential with respect to
3.00 x lOX m So,; a spectral line of 488 nm could result from
the filament. The gas near the anode is found to emil
an electron transition between levels
monochromatic ultra-violet radiation. The radiation is 1110no­
A Q and P D Rand Q chromatic because
BRand P E Sand Q
A the nuclei emitting it arc identical.
C Sand P N79/11/35
n the atoms emitting it each contain only one electron.
C the electrons gain only enough energy to raise the
5 For advertising or other eye-catching purposes, fluorescent
hydrogen atoms to their first excited state.
paint. which appears to glow in daylight. is often used. The
D the potential difference between the filament and the
glow occurs because
anode is less than the ionisation potential of hydrogen.
A ultraviolet light is absorbed by the paint and some of E the energy of the electrons is less than the energy of a
the absorbed energy is re-emitted as visible light. quantum of light. N81/Il/JJ

27 Line Spectra 304 .A' Physics Topical Paper 27

10 \\'hen a parallel beam of whIte light passes through a metal 13 Transitions between three energy ,Jevels in a particular atom
vapour, dark lines appear in the spectrum of the emergent give rise to three spectral lines of wavelengths, in ord;;r of
light. This is principally because energy is absorbed and increasing magnitude, }", I." Illld I'J \Vhich of the following
equations cOITectly relates ICI, i.: and Ic)?
A IS not re-radiated at 1111.
n is re-radiated as infra-red., A
C is re-radiated as ultra-violet.
D is re-radiated gradually over a long period of time.
E is re-radiated uniformly in all directions. 182/11/34

11 In Fig. I below, E I to E 6 represent some of the energy levels c -

lei - I," - leJ
1

of an electron in the hydrogen atom.

D ICI == Ic: - Ie)
E 6 -0.38 eV
E s ....Q.54 eV E A. I = AJ - A" N89/l/30; N87/1/28; N83/11/33
E 4 -0.85 eV
Ea -1.5 eV
14 The mlllimum energy to ionise an IHom is the energy
required to
E 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3.4 eV
A add one electron to the atom.

n excite the atom from its ground state to its first excited

state.
Fig.! C remove one outermost electron from the atom.
Ej -------------- -13.6 eV D remove one innermost electron from the atom.
Which one of the following transitions produces a photon of E remove all the electrons from the atom. J84/11/33
wavelength in the ultra-violet region of the electro-magnetic
spectrum? 15 Theexistence of energy levels within atoms can be
[I eV == 1.6 x 1O-1~ J.] demonstrated directly by observing that

A atoms can emit line spectra.

A C E Eo -> E5
n D J841f1/39; N82/II/34 n photoelectrons are only emitted for wavelengths greater
than a critical wavelength.
12 The diagram shows five C some ex-particles are retlected back through very large
I
energy levels of an atom. angles by atoms in a solid.
Five possible transitions

t D X-rays with ·frequencies up to a certain maximum are

between the levels are
emitted by a target.
indicated. Each transition
E Cltoms iIi a solid diffract electrons in the same way as
produces a photon of definite
crystals diffract X-rays. N84/TT/33
energy and frequency.

16 The diagram below represents, drawn to scale, the energy

levels for an electron in a certain atom.

f-----E
Which spectrum corresponds
energy f - o - - - - E 4
3
most closely to the transitions
f-----E2
shown?

E,

increasing frequency
..
f-----E,

=r=l_-----JDI
The transition from £J to £, produces a green line. Whal
transition could give rise to 11 red line'l

A £, to £J
p, £4 to £"
JS3/1 1/35; C £4 to £1
NS5/1/29;
D £J to £:
N97/1/2S
E £2 to £1 18511129

27 Line Spectra 305 .A' Physics Topical Paper

17 The diagram below represents in simplified form some of Which of these phenomena give direct evidence for the
the lower energy levels of the hydrogen atom. existence of discrete electronic energy levels in atoms?

E4 - - - - - - ­
A J and 5 only
E3 - - - - - - ­ n 2 and 3 only
C 3 and 4 only
E2 - - - - - - ­ D 2,3,4 and 5 only
energy
E 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 J91/1/28
.~

21 The diagram represents electron energy levels in an atom. The

arrows show five possible electron transitions.
E1 - - - - - - ­

I f the transition of an electron from £4 to £2 were associated 4.8

with the emission of blue light, which one of the following
transitions could be associated with the emission of red
energyl
arbitrary 4.0 lc
light? units
3.4
B ~D
A E4 to E1
n E3 to E1
C E3 to E2 A E
2.4
D E, to E3
E E1 to E3 J86/1/28 Which of these electron transitions corresponds to the shortest
wavelength of radiation emitted? N91/1/29
.8 The diagram shows the electron energy levels, referred to the
ground state (the lowest possible energy) as zero, for five 22 The diagram represents E4 - - - - - - ­
different isolated atoms. Which atom can produce radiation in simplified form some E3-~----
of the shortest wavelength when atoms in the ground state of the energy levels of
are bombarded with electrons of energy W? the hydrogen atom. The increasing E2
energy axis has a energy
linear scale.

If the transition of an E1 - - - - - - ­
electron from E 4 to E]
were associated with the emISSIon of blue light, which
transition could be associated with the absorption of red
w light?

A
B N94/I/28

23 An energy lever diagram for an atom is showr: drawn to

A B c D E
scale. The electron transitions give rise to the emission of a
J89/1/29 spectrum of lines of wavelength A,,~, ~, A4 • ?'S'
energy
.9 White light from a tuhgsten filament lamp is passed through
sodium vapour and viewed through a diffraction grating.
rs
Which of the following best describes the spectrum which
would be seen?
·1
)'4 As

A
n
coloured lines on a black background
coloured lines on a white background
),( , /
"-2
/
)'3

C dark lines on a coloured background

D dark lines on a white background N90/1/28; J94/1/28
What can be deduced from this diagram?
;0 Listed below are five phenomena connected with photons andl
or charged particles: ,. A AI >~
1 alpha-particle emission B ~=-\+A5
2 beta-particle emission C A4 is the shortest of the five wavelengths.
3 line emission spectra D The transition corresponding to wavelength A,
4 line absorption spectra represents the ionisation of the atom.
5 electron diffraction J95/1/28; N2000/l/28

27;X.ine Spectra 306 . A' Physics Topical Paper

24 The diagram shows pan of a typical line emission spectrum. 29 A sodium vapour lamp is set up in front of a white screen
This spectrum extends through the visible region of the and between the two is a bunsen burner. Describe dnd
electromagnetic spectrum into the ultraviolet region. explain what will be seen on the screen if a platinum wire,
having been dipped into il solution of sodium chloride, is

J xL-------------l
[]][
held in the bunsen flilme

30 Describe the appearance of an absorption

31 State
N85/IIl/3

spectrum. J861[]I!3

how you would produce (a) a line spectrum ,md (b) a

Which statement is true for emission line X of the spectrum? continuous spectrum in the laboratory. Describe the
A It has the longest wavelength and is at the ultraviolet appearance of eilch spectrum when viewed through a grating
end of the spectrum. spectrometer. N861[] 113
n It has the highest frequency and is ilt the ultraviolet end
of the spectrum. 32 Fig. 3 shows three of the electronic energy levels of an atom.
C It has the lowest frequency and is at the red end of the What are the frequencies of electromagnetic radiation which
spectrum. can result from transitions between these levels?
D It has the shortest wavelength and is at the red end of EnergylJ 0- 19 J

the spectrum. N95/1127

-9.68

25 An atom makes a transition from a state of energy E 2 to one -21.78

of lower energy E 1•
Which of the following gives the wavelength of the radiation -87.12 Fig. 3
emitted, in terms of the Planck constant h ilnd the speed of
light e? State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum In which
E 2 -E 1 he the emitted radiation lies. [6J N88/1117
A C
~
33 Fig. 4 illustrates some of the electron energy levels in an
he he e
E, E1
o N99/I128 isolated atom of lithium. The energies of the levels are given
in electron-volts (eV).
o
26 Fig. 2 represents the energy levels of the four lowest states of -D.G7 eV
-D.94 eV
the hydrogen iltom. The energies are in units of electron­ -1.43eV
volts.
-2.49 eV
(a) Calculate the longest wave­

length which might be

emitted by a spectral
-0.85 eV - - - - - ­
-1.50 eV - - - - - ­
A n c D
transition between any pair -5.73 eV

of these four levels. -3.40 eV - - - - - ­

(b) Determine the total number

of different spectral lines,

-8.G8 eV
which might be detected in
Fig. 4
the emission spectrum of

atomic hydrogen, due to -13.60ev~ (a) The outer electron of a lithium atom IS In the lowest

transitions between these energy level shown. How many joules of energy are
four states. I Fig. 2 required to remove this electron from the atom? [I J

[Charge on the electron = -1.6 x I O-I~ C; the Planck constant (b) (i) Which of the transitions A, n, C or D would lead
= 6.6 x lo--:l4 J s; speed of light = 3.0 x lOx m S-I.J 176/1/9 to the emission of radiation of the shortest "'<lve­
length?
27 Draw a sketch showing the energy levels of the electron in a (ii) Calculate the wavelength of this radiation.
hydrogen atom. Indicate on your diClgrClm (a) the ground
state of the atom, (b) the first excited state, (e) the ionisation (iii) Stale the region of the electromagnetic spectrum
energy. How may information about the energy levels of in which this radiation lies. [4J
atoms be obtained? J80/l/l 0 (e) Skelch the appearance of the spectrum which these four
trilnsitions produce. [1 J
28 'The first excitation energy of the hydrogen atom is
10.2 eV.' Explain what is meant by this statement. Find the (d) On Fig. 4, draw four tr<lnsitions of greater energy
speed of the slowest electron thill could cause excitation ch3nge which give rise to another set of wavelengths.
of a hydrogen atom. J82/I/J I [2J

27 Line Spectra 307 . A' Physics Topical Paper

 (e) The work function energy of lithium differs from the Calculate the wavelengths associated with the transitions A,
energy required to remove the ouler electron from an B, and C. Show that these wavelengths?. fit the formula 1'01
isolated lithium atom. Suggest why this is so. [2] the Balmer series:
196/l1/7

34 Fig. 5 shows four energy levels for electrons in a hydrogen

atom. It shows one transition, which results in the emission
where R is a constant and /l is the quantum number of the
upper level involved in the transition. Deduce a value for R.
1

of light of wavelength 486 nm. Calculate the shortest wavelength associated with the Balmer
series quoted above and explain which transition is
responsible for its emission.
1

[The Planck constant, !J = 6.6 x 10-34 1 s; the speed of light,

c = 3.0 x lOR m S-I.] N78/fJI/5 I.l
increasing
energy 36 The diagram is a simplified representation of the 5 lowest
energy levels of the outennost electron in the sodium atom. '1'
~:

f·:
Energy Level number
6.02 x 10- 19 J 5
5.81 x 10- 19 J 4
Fig. 5
5.12 x 10-19 J 3
(a)' On Fig. 5, draw arrows to show

(i) another transition which results in the emission of 3.38 x 10-19 J 2

light of shorter wavelength (label this transition
L).
Iii) a transition which results in the emission of infra­
red radiation (label this transition R), o
1 (GROUND STATE)
(iii) a transition which results from absorption (label
this transition A). [4] (a) Considering transitions between only these levels,
(b) Calculate the energy change which an electron has (i) which spectral transition has the shortest wave­
to undergo in order to produce light of wavelength length (give your answer in terms of level
486 nm. numbers),
energy change = .1[4]
(ii) how many spectral emission lines might be
199/lJ/7
produced by transitions among these levels?
Long Questions (b) If the sodium atoms are initially in the ground state,
how many absorption lines might be detected?
35 Summarise the experimental evidence that suggests the
existence of energy levels in atoms. (c) Cool sodium vapour allow pressure is bombarded with
electrons of kinetic energy E.
Fig. 6 below represents five of the lowest energy levels of
the hydrogen atom. Which transitions would you expect to observe if E
has the value
ENERGYIJ LEVEL 11
(i) 3 x 10- 19 J, (ii) 4 x 10- 19 .1.
of) }.>< 10-20 Jl=5
(iii) 5,5 x 10- 19 J?
-1.3 x 10- 19 11=4
In practice, the highest level inferred from observations
of single electron transitioJ1s in the sodium spectrum is
8.21 x 10- 19 .I. Explain the significance of this value, and
-2.3 x JO- 19 11=3
calculate the range of potential differences which would
accelerate bombarding electrons to produce spectral line
emission, but no free electrons.

In fact, level 2 consists of a pair of closely spaced levels.

A B C
-5.3 x 10- 19 /1 =2 Transitions from them to another level give rise to tile
sodium "D-lines" of wavelengths 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm.
Calculate the energy difference between the two levels of the
closely spaced pair and identify the other level involved.
-2.2 x 10- 18 11=1
Fig. 6 N84/JIJ/6

27 Lirie Spectra 308 . A' Physics Topical Paper

 37 Whal is a photon~ Show tlwt the energy E of a photon and (c) The measured wavelengths. )'m' of selected lines in the
its wavelength Ie are related by E). = j .99 x 10- 1(, ] nm. hydrogen spectrum are given empirically by

=m-J~---
1 ( J l'
-,- = R "4 - 171' ),
(10
m
where R is 2 constant and has the val ue 1.097 x 107 m- I
91.2 95.097.3 102.6 121.6 i)nm and 171 is an integer taking the values 3,4,5 ...... etc.
Fig. 7
(I) Calculate the value of the wavelength when
Fig. 7 represents part of the emission spectrum of atomic = 4.
171 [2J
hydrogen. It contains a series of lines, the wavelengths of
(ii) Calculate the minimum wavelength given by this
some of which are marked. There are no lines in the series
equation. [3]
with wavelengths less than 91.2 nm.
(iii) Draw a diagram showing the approximate
(a) In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum are
positions of the lines on a horizontal axis of
these lines?
w3velength. Mark the two values you have
(b) Using the relation between E and A given above, find 3Jready calculated and also mark the red and the
the photon energies equivalent to all the wavelengths violet ends of the spectrum. [5J
)

marked. (iv) Explain why it is that although there is an infinite

(c) Use this information to map a partial energy level number of lines in this spectrum. the spectrum is
diagram for hydrogen. Show, and label clearly. the nevertheless seen as a line spectrum. \1'.1

I electron transitions responsible for the emission lines

labelled in Fig. 7.
40 (c) Figure 8 shows four energy levels A, B. C and D
J88/II!l 2

(eI) Another line in the hydrogen spectrum occurs at a within an atom and ali electron transition from level A

I wavelength of 434.1 nm. Identify and label on your

diagram the transition responsible for this line.
to level C which results in the emission of a photon
of light.
Emission spectra are often produced in the laboratory using
a discharge lamp containing the gas to be investigated.
AS ========+=======00.496 x 10- 19
J
Explain the physical processes occurririg within such a lamp
which lead to the excitation of the gas and the emission of c----..L..---­
light. J85/[If12

38 Name the phenomena whicll le"d to the belief that light

behaves like (a) a wave, (b) a stream of p"rtic)es (photons).
Sketch a simple energy level diag,am for .~ one-electron
atom, and use it to explain what is meant by the terms
grownl swte, ionisation energy. excitation energies.
D-----------14.72 x 1O-,9J Fig.8
The ionisation energy of hydrogen ;s 2.2 x 10-1t: J. In the
process of photoiollisatioll. a photon interacts with the atom (i) Show on a copy of the di agram all the other
causing the ejection of the electron. Use the principle of possible transitions between these four levels
conservation of energy to fwd lhe kinetic energy of the which result in photon emission.
emitted electron if the incident rCluiation is of \'vavelength (i i) Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted as 3
63 nm. result of the electron transition from A to C.
Another process in which electron ejection takes place is (iii) Which other transition may result in visible light
ionisation by colfision. 1f two hydrogen atoms. each moving being emitted'!
with speed I'. make a head-on inelastic collision, it is
possible that one of the atoms may become ionised. Find (iv) When 3 transition takes place from level A, B or
vmin ' the minimum speed for this to occur. C to level D, in which part of the electromagnetic
spectrum will the rCldiation occur? [6J
(M"ss of hydrogen atom = 1.7 x ] 0-~7 kg.) 187!lI/13
(eI) Explain how Fig. 8 can be llsed to account for
absorption spectra. [2J
39 (a) \\'118t is the me"ning of e8ch word as used in the term
!inc emissien s{'eclntlJ1? [3] (e) \Vhen the spectrum of gamm'l r<ldiation from a nucleus
(i;) Describe how you woulu carry out an experiment to
,I
is examined. it is found th3t it too has line elllis~;I(Hl
spectrum. Suggest what can be deduced from this
find the wavelength of light of one of the lines in the
obsen'Cltll1n [2]
hyul'Ogen emission sp~ctrum. [7 j
193/1\1/6 (pan)

27 Line Spectra 309 . A' Physics Topical Pap~r

r

n A hydmgen lamp is found to produce red light and blue

light. The wavelengths of the light are 6.6 x 10-7 m and
4.9 x ]0-7 m.

(0) (i) State which wavelength con'esponds to the red

light.

(ii) Explain why light of specific wavelengths is

produced in the lamp.

(iii) Calculate the energy change in an atom associated

with the emission of a photon of the red light. [5]

(c) The light from the hydrogen lamp is now directed

normally, on to a diffraction grating. The grating has
4.0 x 105 lines per metre.
(i) Calculate the angle between the red light and the
blue light in the first order spectrum.
(ii) Hence suggest, with a reason, whether refraction
at a glass-air surface or the use of a diffraction
grating is preferable when studying the visible
spectrum. [51

(d) A metal surface has a work function energy of] .80 eY .

. By reference to

(i) your answer to (a)(iii), determine whether

photo-emission of electrons from this surface is
possible with red light,

(ii) the de Broglie equation, suggest whether light

inCident on the metal surface exerts a pressure on
the surface [6]
J98lffl/6 (part)

2i[ Li ne ;S'pectra
310 . A' Physics Topical Paper
 TOPIC 27 Line Spectra

Long Qliestiolls

1 (h) Explain how the existence of electron energy levels in

atoms gives rise to line spectra, which may be emission
or absorption spectra. [4]
(e) Some of the energy levels In atomic hydrogen are
shown in Fig. 6.].

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-o.378ev
::.0.544 eV
-o.850eV
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1.51 eV

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -3.40eV
energy

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -13.6eV

Fig. 6.1
(i) Calculate the minimum wavelength of the
radiation that could be emitted from atomic
hydrogen. State the region of the electromagnetic
spectrum in which this radiation occurs. l5]
(ii) Sketch the pattern of the visible line emission
spectrum of hydrogen. This takes place when
electrons fall to the -3.40 eV level. Mark the red
and violet ends of the spectrum. [3]
N03/11l/6 (part)

27 Li ne Spectra 453 'A' Physics Topical Paper

 42. 5.44)( 10-4 rad. 43. J7.]0, 3.14xl0-4 rad. 73. (e)(i) 2.50xl0-4 Cs- I ;
(ii) 3.04x 10- 5 Cs· l ; (iii) 9.50x lOllS·';
44. 1st order blue, \ 9.6°; 1st order red, 36.0°; (e)(i) out of paper; (iii) 1.6 rnA.
2nd order blue, 42.2°; 2nd ord:::r, 1' ~ 595 nm. m2K

74. (b) 22.3 C;

45. (c)(i) 640 nm. (d)(i) 13.0 A; (ii) 17.60; (iii) 150x I 0 7 J;
(e)(i) 3.0x I05 D; (ii) 1.88 rnA.
46. (d)(i) 7., == 450 nm, I., = 599 nm.
Topic 18 D.C. Circuits
47. (d)(ii) 5.63x10>5 m. 48. (c)(i) 6.26x I 0- 7 m.
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A
49. (b)(i) 6.84x 10- 7 m. 50. (e)(ii) 0.1]OD. 6. E 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
Topic 17 Current Electricity 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. B
l. C 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. D 8. E 9. C 10. C 26. (a) 30; (b) 300 0; (c) 0 0 at 5 rnA, 300 0 at
1 1. B 12. D 13. B 14. A IS. C 2.5 rnA, 900 0 at 1.25 rnA, 12000 at 1 mAo
16. A 17. B 18. E 19. A 20 A
21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A 25, C 27. (a) 26.4 V; (b) one of the 10000 resistor.
26. C 27. B 28. C 29. E 30 A ~\
31. C 32.A 33. D 34. A 35. B 28.0.25 A. 29. (b)(i) 48 V; (ii) 14.4 D.
36. D 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D
41. D 32. (b )(i) 30 D.

42. (a) J 0; (b) 200, 0.05 O. 44.9.6 mo.. 33.

circuit A B C whole
45.4.5xl0 J; 4
1.2 Ks- ' . 46.0.63 W. comoonent circuit
potential 12 10 2.0 12
49. t.7 kW. 50. (a)(i) 0.25 A; (ii) 960 O. differeneeIY
current/A 3.0 2.0 2.0 5.0
51. (b) 45.6 rnA. 52. (3) 0.33 A. power/W 36 20· 4.0 60
resistancc/Q 4.0 5.0 1.0 2.4
53. (d)(i) 2.00x I O' 5; (ii) 9.38x J 0 14 5. 1.
VRR 1
34. (a) -~~---
54,13.30. RR] + RR 2 + R,R 2

58. E == 1.5 V, r == 20, R, = 40, R 2 = 3 D; (b) VRR 2 Both are 0.5 V.

(a) 0.28 W; (b) 0.56 W RR] + RR 2 + R]R 2

59.0.5. 60. (a) 0.70 O.

61. E = 3.00 V, r = 52.5 D. 62. (b) 8.66 Dm-'. 36. fa == 0.52 A, lb == 0.36 A, Ie = ld = 0.25 A.

37. (c)(i) 2.0 V; (ii) 1.0 V; (iii) 0.67 V.

64. (b)(i)(l) ~; E2 R
(2) - - ­
R+r (R + r)2
38. (b)(ii) 4.40; (iii) 4.0 0; (iv) 1.1 D.
(c)(i)( I) 0.095 0; (2) 0.128.
39. (b)(i) 0.25 A; (ii) 20 V; (iii) 80 0;
65. (a)(i) 16 C; (ii) 0.267 A; (iii) 33.7 0; In parallel: 0.021 A, 240 V, 11500Q;
(c)(i) 3.00 0; (ii)(3) 3.07 D. (d) (i) 0.19.

66. (e)(iii) 225 V; (iv) 7.5.4.; (v) 1690 W 40. (b)(ii) 3.32 V, 8.68 V; (c)(ii) 10.2 kD;
(d) 3.86 V, 8.14 V
68 (b)(i) 1.02 A; (ii) 8.49 V; (iii) 8.63 W.
41. (b)(i) 0.20 A; (ii) 0.13 A.
71. (c) 0344 Q; (d)(i) 26S A;

(ii)(I) 10.3 Q; (2)2.31 kV;

42. (b)(i) 78.4 0; (ii) 797 w;
(3) 4 I 70 k\V; (4) 0.926. (e) 797 W, 399 W, 1594 W; (d)(i) 28.3 W.

Answers 389 ',A.. Physics Topical Paper

 43. (e)(i) 1.00 Y; (ii) 1.03 Y.

44. (e)(i) 50 rnA; (ii) 6.0 Y; (iii) 75 D.

45. (e) (i) 6.0 A; (ii) 7200 C; 59. (b)(i) 1.26x 10- 17 C; (ii)(I) 4.55xl0 4 Y;
(iii) 86400 W; (iv) 2.0 D; (2) 1.45x10-4J; (c)£T=EG+EE
(d)(i)(l) 12 A; (2) 0.25 D; (ii) 12 A.
60. (b)(iii)(l) 13/4; (2) 13/2.
46. (d)(i)( 1) 50 D; (2) co; (iii)( I) 60 mAo
5
62.5.56. 63. 3.95xI0- s C. 64. V= ~
47. (e)(i) 11 = Iz + I; (ii) £1 = IIRI + IR z; T
(iii) E 2 = -IR z.
66. (a) 8.7x10 6 ms- I in direction -Oy;
Potential Divider (b) 4.3x10 lJ ms- 1 in direction -Oy;
(e) 244 Ym'l in direction +Oy.
48. E 49. A 50.8 51. C 52.E
53.D 54.C 55. D 56. B 57. D
58. B 59. D 60. B 67. (a) (0 = 68. 150 C.
61. 4.7xlO- 7 Dm.

62. (e)(ii)(l) 1.25 kD; (2) 7.19 Y. 69. (a) 1.33xlO' s C; (b) 6.7x 10-6 A; (c) 2 W.

63. (e)(ii)(1)2.00D; (2)-0.01 Y.

-2Gm
70.(a)(i) -Cx; (ii) -Cy; (iii) 0,
r
Poten tiometer

?
V-4n~or V 2 4m: o r
64. A 65: D 66. D 67. B 68. B (ii)--"":::""'" (iii) --~
69. D 70. E 71. C x xm

72.4000 D. . ) -X
( IV
V
RbI
--.
2n£or
74. (i) 75 em; (ii) 90 em; (iii) 75 cm;
72. 2.2x IO-lJ m.
(iv) 41.7 em

75. (i) 36 D; (ii) 250 D. 73. (d)(i) 1.3 x 1O's C; (ii) 6.0x lOs Y.

74. (b) 4.32x I 0- 14 N; (c)(i) 3.37x I 0- 16 J;

76. (d)(i) 1.7 Ym- I ; (ii) 0.21 A; (iii) 1.4 D.
(ii) 3.37x10- '6 J; (iii) 2.11 kY, A;
(d)(i) 100 Y; (ii) 1.6x I 0- 17 J.
Topic 19 Electric Field
75. (c)( i) 4. 16x 104z.
I. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. E 7. c; 8. A 9. E 10. C 76. (b)(ii) 15 em; (c)(i) 3.17 J..IC; (ii) 16.7 pF.
II. A 12.8 13. B 14. E 15. D
16. D 17. E 18. B 19. E 20. D 77. (e)(i) 1.97x 1O- 1J J.
21. C 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. B
. 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. D 30.B 78. (b)(i) 140 Ym- I ; (ii) 1.21 x I 0 6 ms· l ;
31. A 32.B 33. A 34. A 35. A (c) same.
36. B 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. A
41. D 42. C 43. D 44. C Topic 20 Capacitance

I. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. E
46. 1.8xlO s Y. 47 (a) -Q; (b) +Q. II. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
16. D 17. A 18. A 19. D 20. D
49. lOON; 1.5xlO'IJ J. 21. 8 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C
26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D

30. (a) 1.25 x I0-2 J; (b) 5x10- s J; (c) 2.5xlO' z J;

57. (a) 8.9xl 0- 10 N. (d) 1.25x 10-2 J.

Answers 390 'A' Physics Topical Paper

!
 Force between parallel conductors

47. B 48. E 49. D 50. E 51. A

52. A 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. C
57. C 58. C 59. B
33.7 nF

35. (b)(i) 200 ~C; (ii) 4 m]; (iii) 2 mJ. 67_. ( e )(")
11 f... = 110 1/2 .
f. 2nr
36. (a) 0.99 nC; (b)(ii) 35 nA.
64.30 A wire: 1.0 mN, towards west,
37. (a) 1.32 mC; (b) 3.96 mJ. 20 A wire: zero force.
65. 5.0x I 0- 5 N. 67. (c)(i) 1.33 mN.
38. (a)(ii) 0.002 C; (iii) 0.002 C; (iv) 0.020 J.
Hall Effect
39. (a)(i) 6.0x 1O·l C; (ii) 0.090 J; (e) 0.060 J.
68. D
41. 2.16xlO s J, 2x10' J. 42. 2x 10- 2 1.

44. (i) 3.0 nC; (ii) 850 s. 45.7 ms.

Topic 22 Electromagnetic Induction
46.5.6 N.

1. E 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. E
48.(a)1.2xJO- 8 C; (b) 6.0xlO·7 J; (e) 70 pF;
6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. E
(d) 1.0 /-1J. II. E 12. D \3. D 14. A 15. B
16. D 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. D
52. (b)(i) 12.0 s; (ii) 28.8 mJ; (e)(i) 15.0 IlF; 21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C
(ii) 360 ~C; (iii) 360 I1C; (iv) 7.66 V.
25. (a)(i) 3.1 x 10. 5 V; (ii) 2.2x I 0. 5 V.
53. (b)(i)(l) 50 /-1F; (iv)(I)4.59 J; (2) 164 V.
26. (a) 2.5xlO· l \'/b; (b) 2.5xI0· 5 C.
Topic 21 Electromagnetism
27. IDa Hz. 28. 1.2x 10- 1 T.
Magnetic fields due to currents

I. D 2. E 3. B 4. B 5. D
6. A 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. A 40. (a)50mV; (b)IO· 2 Wb; (iii)I.2xI0' 2 VI"b.

I 1. 2IJ. 41. 1.4 A. 42. 8.66x I 0. 5 C; 1.23x I 0-· Ks· l •

Force on a current-carrying conductor 43. 12.6 rev S·I.

21. B 22. D 23.D 24. D 25. E 47. (b) 8.66 Om-I; (e)(i) 3260 0; (ii) 4.62x I 0- 5 T.
26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. D 32. A 50. (d)(i) 1.11 ms; (ii) 16.7 rev S·I or 13.6 rev S-I.

34. few x 10. 6 N.

Topic 23 Alternating Currents
36. (e)(i) 3.08 mT; (ii) 5.39xI0"" N;, (iii) 8.24 em.
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C
37. (e)(i) 0.0225 m 3 ; (ii) 1.42 kg m· l ;
&. C 7. E 8. D 9. D 10. C
(d)(ii) 464 ms· l ;
J 1. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. D
(e)(i) 461 ms· 1 ; (ii) 5.65x I0. 21 1.
16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. D
21. A 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B
39.2.5 NA· J , 1.0 N; 0.637 T; 1.5 me. 26. D 27. C 28. C

29. (a) 7.1 V; (b) 0 V.

40. 4.8 ~1T. 41. B =
IT? + r}
1 •
ablN 32. (a) 10 A; (b)7.IA; (c) 25 Hz; (d) 135°.

43. (a) x; (b) x12. 44. (b)(ii) 1.0 em. 33. (a) ].0 A; (t,) 2.0 A; (c) 2.0 A.

AnswE'rs 391 'A' Physics Topical Paper

 34 . < I> = O·, .<r 2 I o2'
12 > = 1. 24. (a)(i) 0 Y; (ii) 0 A; (iii) ±9 V; (b)(i) 0.30 rnA;
(ii) 0.20 rnA; (iii) 0.20 rnA; (iv) -9 V.
35. (a) 1.41 V; (b) 667 Hz. 36. 1/2.
26. (a)(ii)(I) 10 4 Hz; (2) 2.0 Y.
37. (a) 30 D; (b) 1900 W; (c) 3800 W.
27. (d)(i) -3.86 V.
38. (a)(i) 180 W; (ii) 180 W.
28. (a)(i) inverting; (ii) 45.
40. (b)(i) J 80 V; (ii) 27 W; (iii) 4.5 A;
(iv) 0.15 A. 30. (a)(ii)(l) -1.0 V; (2) 9.0 V.

42. (a)(i) 50 Hz; (ii) 3 A; (iii) 2. J 2 A; 31. (b)(ii) -100.

(b)45W; (e)0.15A.
Topic 25 Charged Particles

43. (a) 400 A; (b)(i) T: 25, U: 1/25;

(ii) 16Anns ; (d)(ii)566A. In B Field

47. (a)(i) 5 ms; (ii) 200 Hz; (iii) 11.4 V; 1. C 2. E 3. B 4. E 5. A

(iv) 8.0 V; (c) 56 V; (d) 630 flF. 6. E 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A

I!. E 12. C

48. (e)(i) 600 V; (ii) 25.2 W; (iii) 50.4 W;

(jv) 1.4 rnA. 13. (a) 3.6 ns; (b) 3.6 ns. 15.2.61 mT.

. Rectification
16. (d) Mv .
IJQ
49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. E
54.B 55. A 56. D

59. 9.0x I 0"'" J.

20. (a) 0.76 m; (b) 1.14 l-ts; (c) 5.6xl0 6 ms· 1;
62. (a)(ii) B, D; (b)(i) 1/20; (ii) 17 V. (d) 6.4 m; 8.0 m.

63. (a) 5.0 Vern-I. 64. (a)(i) 9.2 Y; (ii) i3.0 V.

21. (c) J2ve
-; (d) -2
2V
" ;
TIl B r-
65. (a) peak; (b) 4.7 V. 66.0.9 W.
For proton: reverse polarity & reduce V by 1840
factor.
67.0.644.
22. 1830. 23. (b)(i) 6.23.
Topic 24 Analogue Electronics

I. C 2. E 3. C 4. D 5. E 24. (b)(ii) ~2MV

IJ2
.
6. D 7. B 8. D Q
9. R, = 40 kO, R2 = 50 kO. 10.-0.9 Y. In E Field

13. -4.0 Y. 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. D

30. A 31. B 32. B 33,. C
14. (a) 0 Y; (b)(i) 1.0 flA; (ii) 1.3 l-t A ;
(iii)2.3l-tA; (c)0.14Y. v
34. 1.2 ns. 35.12. 36. -Ii. .
15. (a)(i) -50; (ii) 9 V.
37. (b)(i) 50 kVrn- 1; (ii) 8X]0-15 N.
16. (a)-IO; (b) 5.0 V; (c)(i) 0.71 V; (ii)±6.0V.
38. (a)(i) 8800 V; (ii) 1.41 x 1O'IS J;
17. (a)(i) 40; (ii) 1.7 kO. (iii) 1.41 x I0- 15 J; (iv) 5.56x 10' ms".

19. RJ = 2.5 kQ, R4 = 20 kQ. 21. (d)(ii) 2.9 ms. 39.(a)2.1xIO· 17 J; (b)5.8xl0 6 ms· ' al60010 PQ.

22. (d)(i) 0 V; (ii) 0.03 V; (iii) 0.3 V. 40.2.5 kV.

Answcl's 392 'A' Physics Topic,,] Paper

 41. (a) 5.57x IA' ms- I at 90° to PQ; Topic 26 Quantum Physics
(b) 2.69 ns, 2.09x I a's ms': at 90° to PQ;
(e) 238 V. Photoelectricity

1. E 2. E 3. 0 4. B 5. 0
42. 1.25x 10" ions/sec; 3x 10.5 S.
6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. E
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. E 15. C
43. (b lei) 1.32x I 0 '5 ms· I downwards;
16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. B
(ii) 8.1 x 10 6 ms". 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. D
26. C 27. C 28. C 29. C 30.0
44. (b) 7.0xl0 '4 ms· 2 upwards;
(c)v,=2.8xl0 6 ms", v h = 1.5xI0 7 ms· l ; 31. 7.lxlO, '9 J.
(d) J 0.6 0 .
32. (a) 1.0 eV; (b)(i) 1.0 V; (ii) 0.75 V;
45. (e)(i) 10.2 ns. both \vith collector negative \V.Lt. emitter.

46. (b)(i) 6.45xl 0-'0 s; (ii) I.Gx IO' Vm"; 33.2.2 V

(iii) 2.56xl 0- 15 N; (iv) 2.81 x I 0 15 ms· 2 ;
(v) 1.81xI06 ms-'; (c)0.88cm. 34. (a) 1.6x I 0. 19 J (1.0 eV); (b) 2.41 V;
(e) -I .56 V.
In B & E Fields
36. 1.33 x 10·'5 J. 37. 5.20xlO " Hz.
47.A 48. E 49. A 50. A S1. C
52. D 53. E 54. B 55. B 56. C 38. Sx 10. ,9 J, 3x 10. 19 1.
57. i3 58. D
9
39. (a) 4.56xlO" J; (b) 1.50x 10"9 J.
59. v= 5-. 40. (c)(i) 3.20x J 0,18 J; (ii) 2.5Gx 10- 18 J.
fl

. 5-.
62. (b) 41. (b)(i) 1.0 V; (ii) L6xl 0- 19 J (1.0 eV);
B (iii) 3.8Sx 10- 1.19

68. (c)(i) 1.64x 10.16 N; (ii) 2.72x I 0·1l N; 42. (a) 1.60xlO· '9 J; (b) 5.23x I 0'19 J;
(iii) J .22x I O·ll N; (e)(i) 3.63x I 0. 19 J; (ii) 547 nm.
(f)(i) 2.98x 10-1) N; (ii) 1.79x10" ms·2
43. (e) 1.31xlO ll s"; (d) 8.29x 10. ,9 J;
69. (b) F = flQv; (e)(i) 1.64 W; (ii) 1.98xI0 ' £ 5";
(d)(i) 1.84xl0 5 ms"; (ii) 1.53xl0 5 Vm· l • (iii) 6.63xlO- 6 . .

70. (d)(i) 3.04x 10- 14 J; (e)(i) 0.348 m. 44. (a) 7.8x 10. 19 J. 45. (e) 3.38x 10. 19 J.

71. (b lei) 2. 70x J O' Vm· l ; (ii) 32x 10-'6 J; 47.(i)2.44xlO '6 ; (ii)2.79xIO'm.
(iii) 2.65x 10 7 ms- I ;
(c)(ii) 2.85 em; (iii) 3.70xl0 5 Vm'l. 48. 3.2xl0 8 e'/sec; (ii) 4.8xlO· 10 W.

72. (a)(iii) gravitational; (b)(i) 5.59xlO· 11 NC"; 49. (a) 3.2x lOIS S-I; (b) 3.0x 10 9 S-I;
(e)(i) 1.6x 10- 19 C; (ii) 3.32x I 0·'6 kg; (c)(i) 9.4x 10- 7 electrons/photon.
(d)(ii) 1.16xl 05 ms"; (iii) 0.0534 T.

Millikan's Experiment
53. (b)(i) 4.32 flA; (ii) 0.75 V.
73. E 74.A 75.0 76. A 77. E
78. C 79. E 80. B 81. A 82. E 54. (b)(i) 5.34x I 0" Hz; (ii) 3.54x I 0- 19 J;
83. B 84. D 85. B 86. A
(Iii) 5.28x10 '9 S·I.

89.1.61xlO-!9C. 90.1.6x]O, '9 c.

55. (c)(i) 64 s.

n.+3.45xlO"°C.
56.(d)(i)I.6xlO· '9 J; (ii)4.5xI0 14 J'lz1
(iii~1 ~.98x I0- 19 J;
934.C)2xl0· ,CJ e.s.u.; 1 c.s.u.=3.25xl0"°C.
(iv)4.llxl0·'9J, 2.98xl0' 10 J, 1.13xl0- 19 J.

Answers 393 '.~' Physic:s Topic"l Pilrel'

 57. (b)(i)(I) 6.4xlO '4 Hz; (2) 7.68xlO' 19 J; Topic 28 Nuclear Physics
(ii) 6.62xl 0. 34 JS.

1. C 2. E 3. B 4. D 5. C
Wave-Particle Duality
6. C 7. E 8. C 9. B 10. D

J 1. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A

58.D 59. C 60. D 61. D 62. A 16. A 17.C 18.C 19.A 20.A
63. E 64.S 65. D 66. C 67. C 20. D 22.A 23. C 24. D 25. C
26. C
68. (a) 12; (b) i.7x 10. 11 m; (c) 30 32'.
27. 1.66x 10-27 kg. 29. 8.2x 10. 14 J.
19
69. (a) 3.96x I 0. J; (b) J .32x 10- 27 kg m 5- 1.

70. - I O-IR J.
32. 1.11 x 10. 17 kg. 33. (b) 1.89x 1O-ll J.

34. 12.10 rn u • 35. 3.59x I O-ll J.

73. 4.32xI0·24 kg m S·I; 67 V.
37. (a) 6 electrons, 6 protons, 6 neutrons;
75. (a) - 0.3 nm; (b) - 2x 10. 24 kg m 5- 1. (b) 12.0990 m u •

76. (a)(i) 4.42x I0- 19 J; (ii) 1.58x 10 17 ;

38. (a) 2000 kg; (b) 4.4x I0- 7 kg.
(b)(ii) 1.47x 10- 27 Ns; (c)(i) 0.0233 Ns.

4 J. (c)(ii) 2~5ITI; (iii)(J) 81; (2) 124.

79. 1.00x I0. 10 m. 80. (c)(ii) 1.2\ x 10- 13 m.
42. (b)(i) 3.42x 10" J.
Topic 17 Line Spectra
43. (a)(i) 2 6n; (ii) fission; (b)(i) 226.5 MeV.
l. C 2. D 3. D 4. E 5. A
6. E 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. E
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 44. (b) 1.992x 10.30 kg; (c) 1.79x 10- 13 J;

15. A
16. E 17. C ]8. B 19. C 20. C (d)3.5Ixl0 6 ms' i , right.

21. A 22. C 23. A 24.C 25. C

45. 5.lx10 16 J; I month.
26. (a) 1.9xl 0-6 m; (b) 6.
46. (a) 2.3 8x 10 13 photons; (b) 8. 9x I 0- 23 kg.

47. (2.990±0.003)xIO' 1l J.
33. (a) 1.39x I O-IR J;

(b )(i) D; (ii) 2.46x 10- 7 m; . (iii) UV.

48. 2.8x 10- 12 J; 3.lxI0-29 kg;
2.J4xlo RW; 1.93xl0 9 W.
34. (b) 4.09x10~l9 J.
49. (d)(i) 8.96x10· 1J J; (ii) 1.63x 10 7 ms- I •
7 7
35. 4.43x10· m, 4.95xlO· m, 6.6x10·7 m;
R= 1.08xI07 m- l ; 3.7xIO·7 m. 51. (b) 6.5x 10·1l J; (c) lAx 10 7 ms· l , 2Ax 10 5 ms- I , II

opposite directions; (d) 7.34x J a- 3D kg.

36. (a)(i) 5 to J; (ii) 10; (b)4; (c)(i) None;
(ii)2tol; (iii)2tol, 3tol, 3t02; 52. (a)(i) 35; (i i) 46; (b) 1.399x 10- 12 J/nucleon.
Range: 2.11Vt05.13V; 3AxlO·22 J.
53. 4.5xlO· '2 m. 54. (a) 7.2xlO' 45 m 3; (c) 57 N.
37. (a) UV; (b) 2.18, 2.09, 2.04, [,94, 1.64 Aj.
55. (b)(iii) 25.20654 u; (iv) 3.3xI0- 11 J.

58. (e)(i) 0.00605 u or 1.004x I 0.29 kg;

7
39. (c)(i) 4.86x 10. m; (ii) 3.65x 10-7 m. (ii) 9.04x' 0. 13 J.
40. (c)(ii) 634 nm; (iii) B to C; (iv) UV. 59. (c)(i) 34.8 MeV.

41. (a)(ii) 3.01xI0· 19 J; (c)(i) 4.00°. 60. (c)(i) 6n, 3.

Answers
394 'A' Physics Topical Paper
 Topic 29 Radioactive Oecay 72. 2~~Fr.

1. 0 ')
II 3. A 4. A 5. B
..,
6. A I. B 8. e 9. E 10. e
11. D 12. C l3.e 14. C 15.0
74. One decay per 5 years; I: I.
16.0 17.0 18. D 19. E 20. A
75. (c) 9.5 counts per min; (d) 10.8 counts per min.
(b) Pdecay.
76,7.2xl0- '5 J; 8.0xI0-"kg; 4s; 2680 AD.
22. 6.0 MeV. 23. 6 a·particles, 4 p·particles.
77. 15100s. 78. 8.1 Ox I 0-6 kg.
24
a p y 79. (a) (1.28±0.05) days; (c) 0.54/day or 6.3 x I 0.6 5. 1•
charge +2e -e no charge
mass 4u I/lS20u 0 80. (c)(i) 30 counts per min; (ii) 27.6 days.
Typical 0.1 c 0.3 - 0.9c c
speed 81. (c)(ii) 0.012 S·I, 57 s.
nature particle Particle em wave
penetrating stopped stopped stopped 82. (c)(ii) 4.1 x 10 9 yr. 83. (b)(ii) 1.1.
ability by few by few by 10 cm
cm of air mm of AI ofPb 85. (c)(i) 0.0 I 54/day; (ii) 3.37x107 Bq;
(iii) 9.94x I0- 1 kg.
25. (b)(ii) a; (c)(i) p. 26. (b) 2.lx10 7 ms· l •
86. (b)(i) 2~~ Rn-+2~~ Po+~ He + y;
27. 3 months. 28. 1.6x I 0 2 ) He atoms. (iii)(l) l.22x I 0- 29 kg; (2) 2.26x I 0- 12 m.

29.(c)O.16u. 30. (c) 8.53xl0-4 m; (d):2 2 m. Topi~ 31 Option C - The Phy$ics of Materials
Law of Decay
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. e 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. E 10. B
33.0 34. D 35. D 36. A 37. C
11. B 12. E 13. A \4. C 15. C
38, e 39.0 40. B 41. A 42. D
16. C
43. E 44. C 45. C 46. C 47. A
48. D 49. B 50. D 51. D 52. C
53. D 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. A
19. 2.4x 10 7 Pa; 3 .Ox I 0- 5 m.
58. (b) 7xlO l . 59. 4.01xlO· Sq.
20. 840 N; 6.3 mJ.·
60. 3.8xI0- n kg. 61. 3.75x10 7 Sq.
22. (b)(i) 0.68 J; (ii) 2.9 m.
62. - 85 s. 63. (d) 1/32.
23. (b)(i) 0.0106 m; (ii) 3.81 kJ.
64. (b)(i) 3.51 xl0 21 ; (ii) 3.79xl0 8 s;
(iii) 6.81 xl 0 12 Sq. 24. (a)(i) Y; (ii) X; (iii) Z;

(c)(i) 0.030 J; (ii) 0.64 J.

'-.
65. (b)(ii)4.18xl0- 9 s- l ; (iii)4.19xI0 IJ Sq.
25. (a)(i) 64 MPa; (ii) 5.82xl0-4; (iii) 1.45 mm.
67. (a)(i) 2.69x 10' Sq; (ii) 4.94x 10"; (b)(i) 1.69xlO- l D..
(b) 5.44x 10. 11 5- 1; . (c) 1.27xl 0 10 s.
26. (a) elastic; (c)(i) 2.33x 10~ Pa; (ii) 9.17x 10''­

27. (b) 7.5x 10-<; rad.

69. (b)(iii)(I) 0.984; (2) 1.6%, decrease.
70. (b)(i) ~~ K-+i~Ar+~p; (ii) positron; 29. (b) Up to 1.4 mm; 1.56x I0" Pa; (c) 0.33 J.
(c)(i) 4.2xl 0 9 yr; (ii) underestimate.
30 (c) 1.19xl 011 Pa.
71. oN = (K - I,H) ot; N -+ constant value when
~ f •
31 (b)(ii) 1.60x 10" Pa. 32,6 mm; 0.06 mm.
o. " · · ' h en K -- A, i"\ .
--+O,l.c.\\
or 33.7.5 rn.

Answers 395 'A' Physics Topical Paper

 Topic ]6 Diffraction 6. (ei (j) 3.h V; (iii) 36.6 flC; (iv) 40.3 uJ;
Grating (d) (i) (1) 168 V; (2) 7.06 x 10-4 J.

2. B 3. C 4. A Topic 2] Electromagnetism
5. (b) 560x 10-6 m . Force on a current-carrying conductor
6 (b) (i) 4; 1. C ., B 3. n
(ii) (I) 4 (2) Yes (684 = 0.17°)

Force b",tween parallel conductors

7. (e) 4.861 x 10-7 m;

(d) (i) 4.863 x 10-7 m; (ii) 0.0355%. 4. C

5. (b) (iv) compressed.

Topic 17 Current Electricity
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A Topic 22 Electromagnetic Induction
6. B 7. C 8. B 9 B I. D 2. C 3. C 4. B
10. (a) (i) 150 Q; (i i) 10WQ; 8. (b) (i ii) 0.054 N;
(b) (i i) 14.0 Y. (e) (i i) 10 m 5- 1.

11. (b) (i) 1200 C; (ii) 7.5 x 10 21 ; Topic 23 Alternating Currents

. (e) (i i) (I ) 4.00Q; (2) 36.0W;

I. B 2. D 3. B
(i ii) 2.50 Q.
4. (b) 50 Hz; 564 kV; . 399 kY;
Topic 18 D.C. Circuits (e) (i) E=- dV; (ii) 5xJ06Vm- 1.
dr
l. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. n
Rectification
6. (a) (i) 60 Y; (i i) 0.0 V;
5. 8.49 Y.
(b) . 2.0 V.
6. (b) (i) 9.57xI0-4W;
7. (a) 3.0Q; (b) 3.75 Q.
(e) (i) 0.69 I-1C; (ii) 5.75x1O-4A
8. (b) (i) 0.090 A; (ii) 0.0506 W.
9. (a) (i) increases; Topic 24 Analogue Electronics
(b) (i) 5.0 V;
I. C
(ii) (1) 6.0 V; (2) 11.0 V;
2. (b) I I;
(e) 8.07 A.
(e) (i) 1.1 V; (ii) -9.0Y.
Potential Divider 3. (a) (i) 3.0Y; (i i) 3.27 V;
10. D 11. B 12. D (b) (i) negalive; (ii) 3.0 Y; (i i i) 141 kQ.

Potentiometer Topic 25 Charged Particles

14. (a) (ii) 1.7 V m-I; In B Field

(b) (ii) 90 em. 1. B

Topic 19 Electric Field 3. (b) 3.64 x 10";

(e) (i) 25.9 m; (ii) 7.12 x 10-"1 m.
1. A 2. D 3 A 4. A 5. C
4. (b) (ii) (J) 6.95 x 10- 15 N; . (2) 0110 m.
6. C 7. D
O. (b) 1. 62 x 10- 8 m.
In E Field
9. (b) (i) 9.8 X JO-6 C: (ii) 4.20 x 105 Y.
5. A 6. A

Topic 20 Capacitance 7. (a) (i i) 360 V; (b) 5.27 x 10 15 m 5- 2

l. A 2. C 3. D 4. C In n& E Fields
5. (b) (iii) 4n:E or;
8. e 9. A·
( c) (i) 1.67 X 10- 5 flF; (ii) 0.12 J.

I.nswers 479 'A' Physics Topical Paper

 - ..~

Millikan's Experiment (d) (i) (1) gradient; (2) area under;

I!. n (ii) 33 km;
(e) (i) 3.5; (ii) 10 km;
Topic 26 Quantum Physics (f) (i) 14.12.
Photoelectricity 3. (b) 34m;
I. B (e) (i) (I) 600 kW; (2) IS m s-I;
,.,.:... 3.21 x 106 W;
(a) (i) 7.96 x 10- 19 J; (ii) (I) (2) 18.7%; ,.
(b) (i) 3A6 x 10- 19 J. (iii) 2.29 x 10 6 W;
(iv) (I)' 25 m s-I;
3. (b) (i) 6.6 X 10 14 Hz; (ii) 6.3 x 10- 34 Js.
(d) (i) AC; (ii) 725 A.
Topic 27 Line Spectra
Topic 31 Option e- The Physics of Materials
I. (e) (i) 9.14 x JO-8 m, UV,
I. D 2. B 3. e 4. B 5. n
Topic 28 Nuclear Physics' 6. (a) (i) ductile;
I. D 2. e 3. D 4. e 5. D (b) (i) (2) 6.8 J x 10-4;
G. (b) (ii) 1.6 x JO-13 J; (iii) 4.74 x 10- 14 m. (ii) 7.45 x 107 Pa;
7. (b) n11 I
011 ~ II H + _Io~ ; (i ii) 1.25 x 10- 13 J; (iii) 1.09 x lO" Pa.

(d) (i) 86Kr + 208Pb ~ 293X + Ill' 7. (b) (ii) (I ) 1.1 I x 108 Pa;
36 82 118 0'
(2) 8.57 x 10-4;
(i i) (2) 106 proton, 163 neutrons.
(3)
1.29 x 1011 Pa;
8. (b) (i) 4, 2;
(c) (jii) 5.38 x 10-2 J;
(iii) (2) 6.44 x 10 6 Ev.
(d) (i) 0.0206 K.
Topic 29 Radioactive Decay 9. (e) (i) 3.82 x 10-4 m 2.
I. e 2. e 3. B 4. D
Topic 32 Option F - The Physics of F.luids
6. (b) (i) 134;
I. (b) (ii) 4.31 x 10-4 N; (iii) I A9 kg In-I s-i.
(ii) 2'20Rn ~ 216po + 4He
86 84 2'
2 (a) (ii). OAOOm.
Law of Decay 5. (a) (i)

7. A (b) (i)

8. (e) (i) (1) 4.67 x lOt."; 7. (a) (~) IA7 x 10~ N; (ii) lA7 x 10 3 N;
(2) 6.98 x 10- 10 kg; (iii) 0.15 m\ (iv) 0.15 m 3

Oi) 0.882.

9. (a) N; kgm- I ;
9. (e) (i) 6AO'x 10- 10 Bq; (ii) 1.08 x 10 9 s; (b) 200N; 2kgm- 1;
(ii i) 7.11 x 109 s. (c) 3400 N.
10. (a) 6 neutrons, 6 protons, 6 electrons; 10. (a) (i) m of ice = m of displaced water;
(d) 2A9 x 1011 s. (ii) density of ice < density of water.

Topic 30 Data Analysis 12. (b) (iii) 64Ams- l .

1. (a) R, V; ·13. (b) (i) 0.0Cl20m\ (ii) 900 kg m-3;

. (iii) 7.89 x 105 Pa; (iv) 78.1 m.
(b) Station H departure time 0824 h

Station E arrival time 0902h IS. (c) 100F.

departure time 0908 h

Station A arrival time 0946 h

(c) 58.8kmh- 1;
(d) (i) E, D; (ii) 103 km h- l
2. (a) (i) 80 km h- I ; (ii) 1.25 h;

480 'A' Physics Topical Paper

Answers