EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Module 2 MANAGEMENT OF INSTRUCTIONS

Lesson 1: Instructional Planning

Introduction

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students must have:

1. given the importance of having a lesson

plan ;
2. differentiated the different kinds of lesson
plans;
3. identified the parts of a lesson plan ; and
4. made lesso n plans based on a given
learning task.
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Activating Prior Knowledge

“An organized and orderly institution is the result of a well-prepared lesson plan”

Look at the picture. Explain the statement written below the picture.

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 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Content Input

Instructional Planning

LESSON PLAN

The lesson plan is a day-to-day, step-by-step approach to learning. It sets forth the proposed
program or the instructional activities for the day. It is an organized set of activities for the day. It
is an organized set of activities designed to present a manageable-sized piece of the course. A
lesson plan is an indispensable tool and a teacher’s scheme for how to deliver the lesson.

IMPORTANCE OF A LESSON PLAN

1. The wise teacher who plans his lesson well gets optimum results in his teaching.
2. Making a lesson plan involves foreseeing what is likely to happen and choosing
experiences that will change learners for the better. A lesson plan stimulates the
teacher to be creative.
3. A lesson plan serves as a guide to the apprentice teacher.
4. It prevents the waste of time that usually accompanies unorganized or haphazard
teaching. It helps the teacher to be systematic and orderly.
5. It prevents wandering away from the subject matter by making the teacher conscious
of what he has to accomplish for the day.
6. It gives a feeling of security, especially to the beginning teacher who usually feels
nervous and tense.
7. A well-prepared lesson plan gives a measure of self-confidence and minimizes
feelings of inadequacy.
8. Through the lesson plans, principles can trace what the teacher has taught and what
the class has covered.

FUNCTIONS OF PLANNING

1. To give an overview of the instruction

2. To tie instructional events with community resources
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

3. To provide sequencing and pacing

4. To economize time
5. To provide a variety of instructional activities
6. To link curriculum to teaching and learning
7. To provide teachers an opportunity to rehearse mentally and on paper what will take
place when they teach.

PARTS OF A LESSON PLAN

1. Objectives

Use behavioral objectives because these are directed to the development of certain
changes in the behavior of the learner. The success of the teachinglearning situation can be
actually measured to the extent by which a learner can perform the behavioral objectives.

2. Learning Task/Content
2.1 Subject Matter
2.2 Reference
2.3 Materials
These are instructional materials, equipment, and multisensory media that are needed
in teaching all aim objectives.
3. Procedure

The procedure consists of the development of the lesson. For logical lesson development,
the procedure begins with motivation followed by the pivotal questions or list of activities for
elaborative learning which in itself is the lesson and summary as the clinching part of the lesson.
(Ornstein 1992) The parts of the procedure will depend on the method used by the teacher.

4. Evaluation

This includes activities to assess the learner’s understanding of the presented lesson.

5. Assignment

Assignments are given for more elaborative learning and for the ultimate purpose of
mastery learning. Assignments are synapse strengtheners that reinforce the retention of concepts,
the fixing of skills, the internalization of values, and the cultivation of good habits.

The learning task, activities in the procedure, evaluation, and assignment should be
aligned with the formulated instructional objectives.
FORMAT OF A LESSON PLAN
I. II. III. IV. V.
Learning
Objectives Learning Content Learning Evaluation Assignment
Procedure Homework
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

*Statement of a A. Subject *The parts will *To evaluate the

condition: Matter depend on the learner’s
method to understanding of
A. Cognitive be used by the
Objective B. Reference the teacher. presented lesson.

C. Learning
Materials
B. Affective *It is
Objective; and advisable to
D. Content
provide
ongoing
E. Skills
assessments
C. Psychomotor
Objective F. Values

LEVELS OF INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING

Level Goals of Planning Sources of Form of Plan

Information

❖ Establish general ❖ Students ❖ General

content ❖ Resources Outline listing
❖ Establish basic available ❖ Basic
1. YEARLY curriculum ❖ Curriculum contents and
PLANNING content Guidelines possible ideas
❖ Ordering and in each
reserving subject area
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Level Goals of Planning Sources of Form of Plan

Information

❖ Details the content ❖ Direct contact ❖ Elaboration of

to be discovered in with students outlines
2. TERM PLANNING next three months ❖ Time ❖ A weekly
❖ Establish weekly constraints set schedule outline
schedule for term by school specifying
that conforms to schedule activities and
goals time

Level Goals of Planning Sources of Form of Plan

Information

❖ Develop a ❖ Students abilities

sequence of ❖ Materials length ❖ List or outline
well -organized of lessons, set -up, activities and
learning time demand, content
3 . UNIT PLANNING experiences format ❖ List and
❖ Establish a ❖ School objectives sequenced
weekly schedule ❖ Facilities activities
for term that available for ❖ Notes in plan
conforms to activities book
g oals
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Level Goals of Planning Sources of Form of Plan

Information

❖ Lay -out of the week’s ❖ Student’s

activities within the performance in ❖ Names and
framework of the proceeding times for
weekly schedule days and weeks acti vities
4. WEEKLYPLANNING ❖ Adjust schedule for ❖ Scheduled ❖ Day divided into
interruptions and school four instructional
specific needs interruptions blocks modified
❖ Maintain continuity ❖ Materials, aids , by schedule
and regu larity of and other
activities resources

Level Goals of Planning Sources of Form of Plan

Information

❖ Set -up and ❖ Instruction in

arrange the materials to be ❖ Schedule for the
classroom for th e used
day written on
next day ❖ Set -up time
the chalkboard
❖ Specific activity required for
5 . DAILY and discussed
components activities
PLANNING with the students
❖ Fitting daily ❖ Assessment of class
❖ Preparation and
schedule to last - disposition at the
arrangemen t of
minute instruction start of the day
materials and
❖ Prepare students ❖ Continued interest,
facilities in the
for the day ’s involvement , and
room
activity enthusiasm

TYPES OF DAILY PLAN

a. Brief Lesson Plan- is an outline of the teacher’s activities and is usually done by
seasoned teachers.
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

b. Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan- all activities and teacher’s questions are listed and
usually made by neophyte teachers

c. Detailed Lesson Plan- all activities, teachers, questions, and students expected
answers are reflected and usually done by pre-service teachers.

PRINCIPLES FOR INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING

1. Understand the rationale of the course in the context of the goals of the school or district.
2. Determine what content should be adapted in view of the objectives.
3. Determine if there is a special need for the course- special learners, instructional program.
4. Examine the components if they:
a. meet the objectives of the course;

b. foster critical or higher-order thinking;

c. match student’s abilities;

d. stimulate student’s interests;

e. are realistic in terms of the school resources; and

f. are balanced in terms of the scope and sequence.

5. Determine the approach including basic strategies, major assignments, references, texts,
and others in view of the goals.
6. Determine the procedure for assessing the student’s attainment of the course.
7. As you plan, evaluate, modify, and improve it. Take note of some components that should
be:
a. added to cover gaps;

b. eliminated to avoid redundancy; and

c. changed to avoid negative effects.

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING SEQUENCE

 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Assessing the Learners

Needs

- motivation Starting the school goals

- self - concept

- prior learning

Mapping the Plan

- Unit

- daily

Evaluating
Giving Instruction - Diagnostic
- methods - Formative
- materials - Summative

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING PHASES

 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Preplanning
Activity: Mental Plan
1. Gives purpose for
learning
2. Economizetime
3. Providesoverview
4. Reducesduplication

Active Planning Post Planning

Before Instruction
Activity: Written Plan Activity: Evaluate Plan

Facilitates management Measures students success

and instruction Learner
Before Guides substitutes
Limits impact of Content After
instruction Instructions InstructionsProvides documentation
Provides sequencing and Signals time to order
pacing supplies
Builds teaching repertoire
During Instructions
Ongoing Planning
Activity: Tune Plan
Aids Sequencing and
pacing
Respond to learner needs
Provides for re-teaching
Provides variety of
instructional planning
Facilitates higher-level
questions
EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1
EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1
EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Check for Understanding

Explain why effective lesson preparation is necessary for optimum learning, in-depth
understanding of the lesson, and classroom discipline.

Why Effective Lesson Planning is Necessary

How do we say something is effective? When it produces a desired, intended or

expected outcome. More than that, effectiveness equals best possible outcomes. So we
can simply say, that effectiveness means doing the right thing. Can this be imperative to
lesson planning? As we already discussed, lesson plan outlines a daily, step-by-step
method of teaching. A lesson plan is a crucial tool and a teacher's strategy for presenting
the material. Therefore, effective lesson planning is necessary.

Why is it so important? In order to have a classroom setting where things run smoothly,
it is important to plan properly and in advance. The more effort you put into planning for
your intended lessons, the better the chances are of a successful lesson. Also, lesson
plan is a representation of the teachers’ knowledge, skills and passion put into words.
Therefore, if you properly used and translated these resources into an effective lesson
plan, you really are determined and passionate teacher who desires to impart all of
these to your students. In return, students will want to learn and focus on the
discussion. Another reason, effective lesson plan helps teachers be organized and
methodical, it avoids the time being wasted that typically results from chaotic or
disorganized instruction. It helps teacher avoid drifting from the subject at hand by
keeping the him focused on his daily goals. An effective and organized lesson plan boosts
self-confidence and reduces feelings of inadequacy particularly for new teachers who
are frequently anxious and tense, it provides a sense of security. Lastly, creating an
effective lesson plan motivates students to participate and give feedbacks, and helps
teachers give accurate and proper answers to students’ follow up questions.

To end this, I would like to reiterate that effective lesson planning is a necessity to both
the teacher and student.

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 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

Choose a learning task from the K to 12 Curriculum Guide of your Specialization and
make a Daily Learning Log.

Rubric for Lesson Plan

PARAMETERS EXCELLENT (40) VERY GOOD (30) GOOD (20) FAIR (10)

1. Complete All required parts are One required part is Two required Three or more
in Parts present missing parts are missing parts are missing

2. Depth and Objectives are One objective is not Two objectives are All objectives are not
Breadth of behavioral and behavioral and not behavioral and
Content observable observable behavioral and observable
a. Learning (SMART) (SMART) observable (SMART)
Objectives (SMART)

b. Learning Learning content is Learning content is Learning content is Learning content was
Content clearly stipulated not very clearly vague and not properly
and appropriate stipulated inappropriate words structured
terms are used are used

c. Learning Objectives are 1 objective is not 2 objectives are not Objectives are not
Procedure clearly attained in clearly attained in the clearly clearly attained in the
the procedure procedure attained in the procedure
procedure

All activities are 1 activity is All activities are not

developmentally developmentally not 2 activities are not developmentally
appropriate appropriate developmentally appropriate
appropriate

Evaluation and Evaluation and Evaluation and

assignments are assignments are Evaluation and assignment lack
very creatively creatively assignments are creativity
prepared barely creatively

d. Mechanic Presentation is Two errors are Three errors are Four or more errors are
s error-free visible visible visible
*(Grammar,
Spelling,
Neatness, All pages are very One page is not neatly Three errors are All pages are not
Punctuation) neatly presented visible neatly done
presented
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

School Grade Level

Teacher Learning
Area

Date Quarter

I. OBJECTIVES

1. Content Standards

2. Performance
Standards

3. Learning Competencies

II. CONTENT

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References

1. TG pages

2. LM pages

3. Textbook pages

B. Other
Learning/Materials

IV. PROCEDURES

A. Review

B. Purpose of the lesson

C. Presenting
examples/instances of
the lesson

D. Discussing new concepts

and
practicing new skills
#1

E. Discussing new concepts

and
 EDUC 120: Principles of Teaching 1

practicing new skills

#2

F. Developing mastery
(leads to Formative
Assessment)

G. Finding practical
applications of
concepts and skills in
daily living

H. Making generalizations
and abstractions about
the lesson

I. Evaluation Learning

J. Additional activities for

application or
remediation

V. REMARKS

VI. REFLECTION

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.