GRADE 11

PHYSICAL SCIENCE
THE DISCOVERY AND
SYNTHESIS OF
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
Here
2ndisSemester
where your
| 3rd
presentation
Quarter | Week
begins
2
LEARNING TOPICS:

John Dalton and the Concept of

Chemical Elements.

The Atomic Number and the

Synthesis of New Elements.
LEARNING TARGETS:
● Cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest
Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the
understanding of the structure of the atom.
(S11/12PS-IIIb-9)
● Describe the nuclear model of the atom and the
location of its major components (protons, neutrons,
and electrons). (S11/12PS-IIIb-10)
● Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the
synthesis of new elements in the laboratory
(S11/12PS-IIIb-11).
CORE VALUES:
Motivation
● The learners will become prepared to acquire
knowledge and skills to achieve their goals.

Innovation
● The learners will become effective collaborators and
communicators.
CONCEPT MAP:
Plum
Pudding Billiard Ball
Planetary Model
Model Model

Electron
Hydrogen of Cloud
Atom Model Model

ATOMIC THEORIES
 ENGAGE
Directions: The students will use the periodic table and
give the elements that correspond to the statement.
WHO’S THAT ELEMENT
ELEMENTS
NAMED AFTER A
PLACE
WHO’S THAT ELEMENT
ELEMENTS
NAMED AFTER A
SCIENTIST
 WHO’S THAT ELEMENT
ELEMENTS NAMED AFTER
HEAVENLY BODIES
 TOPIC:
John Dalton and the
Concept of Chemical
Elements
 All existing
substances, may
it be tangible or
intangible are
made up of
atoms.
How did the
study of John
Dalton contribute
to the discovery
of existing
elements?
EXPLORE:
PAPER INFINITY
Procedures:
1. Prepare a clean white paper.
2. Cut the paper in half.
3. Continuously cut the paper until it
become difficult to cut anymore.
 ATOMS
● Democritus proposed that
matter is composed of atoms.

● John Dalton used this concept

to proposed his atomic model.
○ John Dalton expound the
idea into his Atomic Theory.
DALTON’S ATOMIC MODEL

BILLIARD BALL MODEL

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY
● Matter is made up of indivisible atoms. Atoms of
the same elements have the same properties.
● Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed. These
can only be combined, separated or rearranged.
● Atoms of the same or different elements may
combine with each other in a fixed, whole number
ratio.
 LAWS USED BY DALTON
Law of Definite Proportion - states that a given chemical
compound always contains the same elements in the exact same
proportions by mass.
Law of Multiple Proportion - states that whenever the
same two elements form more than one compound, the different
masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the
other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers.
Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy
● states that in a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor
destroyed.
● states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed -
only converted from one form of energy to another.
 DALTON’S
LIST OF
COMBINATION
OF ATOMS
MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
● Matter is composed of atoms.
● Atoms of the same elements generally have the same
properties. However, there are isotopes which are
atoms of the same element differing in the number of
neutrons.
● Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed. These can
only be combined, separated or rearranged.
● Atoms of the same or different elements may combine
with each other in a fixed, whole number ratio.
 ELEMENTS
● Elements are composed of just
one atom with different
properties.
● Jöns Jacob Berzelius made
use of symbols to represent
elements.
● Dmitri Mendeleev arranged
elements in the periodic table.
 TOPIC:
The Atomic Number
and Synthesis of New
Elements
Scientists Explained the Structure of
the Atom
● Dalton’s Billiard Ball Model
● Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model
● Rutherford’s Planetary Model
● Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
● Schrodinger’s Electron Cloud Model
DALTON’S BILLIARD BALL MODEL
THOMSON’S PLUM PUDDING MODEL
RUTHERFORD’S PLANETARY MODEL
BOHR’S MODEL OF HYDROGEN ATOM
● n = 1 – represents the lowest possible
energy level. An electron occupying this
state is described to be in the ground
state.
● n = 2 – represents the second energy
level. An electron of hydrogen occupying
this state is said to be in the excited
state. Electrons in the excited state tend
to go back to the ground state.
SCHRODINGER’S ELECTRON CLOUD MODEL
 The Arrangement of Elements
● Johann Dobereiner made use of Triads.

● John Newlands made use of Octaves.

● Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements by

increasing atomic weights.

● Dmitri is considered as the Father of the

Periodic Table.
 The Arrangement of Elements

Henry Moseley made use of spectroscopic

data that lead him to arrange elements by
increasing atomic number.
 ATOMIC NUMBER
● The atomic number is also known
as the Z number. The Z came from
the German word, “Zahl.” It means
number.
● The atomic number corresponds
to the number of protons.
● The number of protons gives the
identity of the atom.
MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
1. He is an English chemist known for his pioneering
work in the development of the atomic theory.
2. It is composed of very small, indivisible particles
called atoms.
3. He is a French chemist who institutionalized the law
of definite proportions.
MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
1. It is a number that corresponds to the number of protons
in the nucleus.
2. He is an English physicist who demonstrated that the
atomic number determines most of the properties of an
element.
3. It is a device that is used to speed up particles to
overcome the repulsion between the particles and the
target atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical
fields.
 GENERALIZATION
1. It is a number that corresponds to the number of protons
in the nucleus.
2. He is an English physicist who demonstrated that the
atomic number determines most of the properties of an
element.
3. It is a device that is used to speed up particles to
overcome the repulsion between the particles and the
target atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical
fields.
LEARNING TARGETS:
● Cite the contributions of J.J. Thomson, Ernest
Rutherford, Henry Moseley, and Niels Bohr to the
understanding of the structure of the atom.
(S11/12PS-IIIb-9)
● Describe the nuclear model of the atom and the
location of its major components (protons, neutrons,
and electrons). (S11/12PS-IIIb-10)
● Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the
synthesis of new elements in the laboratory
(S11/12PS-IIIb-11).
CORE VALUES:
Motivation
● The learners will become prepared to acquire
knowledge and skills to achieve their goals.

Innovation
● The learners will become effective collaborators and
communicators.