INTERMOLECULAR

FORCES
OF ATTRACTION
LEARNING TOPICS
TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR
FOrCES OF ATTRACTION
PROPERTIES OF MOLECULES
BASED ON IMFA
LEARNING TARGETS
● I CAN Describe the general types of
intermolecular forces. (S11/12PS-IIIc-d-17)
● I CAN Explain the effect of intermolecular
forces on the properties of substances.
(S11/12PS-IIId-e19)
 CORE VALUES
OPTIMISM
The learners will become confident of their own skills,
abilities, and potentials to grow.

INNOVATION
The learners will become risk takers who willingly seek for
development and learning opportunities.
 CONCEPT MAP
ION - DIPOLE
LONDON FORCES
DISPERSION
FORCES
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
HYDROGEN
DIPOLE - BONDING
DIPOLE
FORCES
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Do attractive forces also

exist among molecules?
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

• Intermolecular forces are attractive forces present in

between molecules.
• Although there are many, four types of intermolecular
forces of attraction (IMFA) are most commonly
observed.
• These are London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole
forces, ion-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonding
forces.
 London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)

• These are the weakest type of IMFA and

are present in between all electrically
neutral molecules―polar and nonpolar
molecules.
• LDFs are caused by fluctuations in the
electron distribution within atoms or
molecules.
•
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)

A temporary dipole induces instantaneous

dipoles to neighbor molecules.
 London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)

Polarizability is the measure of how easy it

is to distort the electron distribution of a
molecule. It can be related to how easy one
can squeeze a balloon: the larger the balloon
is, the more squeezable it is, and the
stronger is its LDF.
 DIPOLE - DIPOLE FORCES
• These are attractive forces that are a moderately
strong type of IMFA and are present in between
polar molecules.

HCl molecule with partially positive and partially negative ends

 DIPOLE - DIPOLE FORCES

Molecules with partially positive ends

attracted to the partially negative ends of other molecules
 ION - DIPOLE FORCES
• This result from the electrostatic attraction of a molecule
containing a dipole and an ion.
• The strength of this force increases as the charge of ion
increases
 HYDROGEN BONDING
• It is a special kind of dipole-dipole force and one of
the strongest type of IMFA.
• Hydrogen bonding is an attractive force that exists
when hydrogen is bonded to F, O, or N.
• A hydrogen bond donor is the molecule that provides
the hydrogen atom in the hydrogen bond while a
hydrogen bond acceptor is the molecule containing
the lone-pair bearing electronegative atom.
HYDROGEN BONDING
Hydrogen
bond
formation
between water
and
formaldehyde.
 PROPERTIES
OF MOLECULES
BASED ON
IMFA
 PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER
• Matter can be classified into three
states—solids, liquids and gases.
• Matter will exist in a specific state
based on two factors—IMFA and
temperature.
IMFAs and Properties of Molecules
• The observable properties of molecules
depend on the type and strength of their
intermolecular forces of attraction.

• The phase at room temperature, solubility,

melting and boiling points are some of the
physical properties that can be explained by
IMFA.
 SOLUBILITY
• It follows the rule “like dissolves like.”
• Miscible liquids are two liquids that
dissolve together.
• Immiscible liquids are two liquids that
do not mix together.
 SOLUBILITY

A picture is worth a thousand words

Water and ethanol forming a solution.
 SOLUBILITY

A picture is worth a thousand

words Mixture of hexane and water.
SOLUBILITY
LEARNING TARGETS
● I CAN Describe the general types of
intermolecular forces. (S11/12PS-IIIc-d-17)
● I CAN Explain the effect of intermolecular
forces on the properties of substances.
(S11/12PS-IIId-e19)
 CORE VALUES
OPTIMISM
The learners will become confident of their own skills,
abilities, and potentials to grow.

INNOVATION
The learners will become risk takers who willingly seek for
development and learning opportunities.
 ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Do attractive forces also

exist among molecules?