General Types of

Intermolecular
Forces
 What
are Intermolecular Forces?
 Intermolecular Forces
 Intermolecular force - force of attraction between
or among molecules.
 Responsible for keeping matter in its solid or
liquid phase.
 General Types of Intermolecular Forces(IMF)

 There are four general types of intermolecular

forces, namely, Van der Waals forces.
1. Dipole-dipole Interactions
2. Hydrogen Bonding
3. Dipersion Forces
4. Ion-dipole Interactions
Dipole-dipole Interactions

 Attractive forces that act between polar molecules.

 Dipole is a Polarized Molecule having partially Positive and Negative Poles.
Example:
Hydrogen flouride molecule
Dipole-dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonding

 A special type and the strongest form of dipole-dipole interaction.

 Only occurs in molecules that contain Hydrogen bonded to a small, highly
electronegative atom like Flourine, Nitrogen and Oxygen.

Hydrogen Bonding

Example: Ammonia or NH3 which is composed of 3 atoms of Hydrogen and

one Nitrogen.
Dispersion Forces

 Intermolecular forces arise from tge movement of electrons in the non polar
molecules.
 Since electrons in any molecule have the freedom to move about within the
molecule, there are moments when there is nonuniform electron density
distribution within the molecule, which gives it a temporary dipole called
instantaneous dipole.

Dispersion Forces

Example:
Ion-dipole Interactions

 Attraction between ionic and dipole molecules.

Example: Dissolving sodium chloride or NaCl in water.