CONTROL SYSTEMS

LABORATORY
(ELP800)

Experiment No.5
Synchro transmitter and receiver

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

Nitish Bishnoi (22EEA2005) Dr. Shubhendu Bhasin
Sabyasachi Kundu (22EEA2698)
Raghav Garg (22EEA2002)

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 Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

INDEX

SL Topic Page No.

No.
01 Objective 3
02 Theory 3
03 Experiment No.1 4
04 Experiment No.2 5
05 Practical Example 6
06 Key Take aways 7

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1. Objective:
To study and understand basic operation of synchro system and to observe interconnection of angular
position to the electrical information. Also know how a synchro transmitter and control transformer may be
interconnected to generate a noise signal.

2. Theory:
Synchro transmitter is a device that changes voltage related to angular position of its rotor, when its
input is excited by AC voltage. As we rotate the rotor the voltage
Let Vs 1 ,Vs 2 , Vs 3 be the voltages generated in the stator windings S 1 , S 2, and 𝑆3 respectively. The
rotor axis makes an angle 𝛳R with the stator windings S 2.

V s 1= KVr sin wc cos ( θR+120 )

o

V s 2 =KVr sin wc cos ( θR )

V s 3 =KVr sin wc cos ( θR +240 o )
Then as we change the value of ϴR then voltage at each stator winding changes. Stator windings are
displaced at an angle of 120𝑜with each other.
Modulating frequency depends upon the rotor rotation speed, here in our experiment it is 1 revolution
per second (which we can change) whereas the supply frequency is fixed at 50 Hz .

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 We can also see that S 2−S 1and S 3−S 2 and S 1−S 3 will change their values at angle of 120o with
respect to each other. If we plot the S 2−S 1 and S 3−S 2 and S 1−S 3 on a single graph we can see it
resembles the figure of Rotating Magnetic Field which we usually see in rotating machines.
Synchro error detector is created by interconnecting a synchro transformer and synchro transmitter.
The stator of the control transformer is directly connected to the stator of the synchro transmitter. Now
we set both dials to be at 0 and increase the knob of synchro transmitter by 20o till we reach 360o and
record the transformer output Vp− p at each step.

3. Experiment No.1:
In this experiment we will measure the output voltage across the stator windings S1−S 2 , S 2−S3 , ¿ S 3−S1
while changing the rotor position at different angles.

Observation Table:
SL No. Rotor Shaft Position Output Voltage
(Angle θ in degree) (In Volts)
S1−S 2 S2−S 3 S3−S 1
01 0 30 29.6 0
02 20 22.8 32.9 11.6
03 40 12.4 34.0 21.2
04 60 0 31.0 30.0
05 80 10.8 22.6 33.2
06 100 20.4 12.8 34.0
07 120 29.2 0 30.8
08 140 32.4 11.8 22.8
09 160 34 20.2 12.8
10 180 30 30.0 0
11 200 22.8 33.1 11.6
12 220 12.4 34 20.5
13 240 0 30.8 30.8
14 260 10.8 22.6 33.2

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 15 280 18.8 11.8 34
16 300 29.2 0 30.8
17 320 33.2 11.2 22.8
18 340 34 21.2 12.4

Output Voltage variation with change in rotor shaft angle

S1-S2 S2-S3 S3-S1
40

35

30

25
Output Voltage

20

15

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Rotor angle Angle in degree

Critical Analysis:
 From the above graph we can observe that the three windings are in 120o phase difference
with each other.
 We can see that the zero voltage is occurred at 0o for S1−S 2 . The appeared output voltage is
plotted on graph according to rotor angle.
 We also can see that all voltages are of sinusoidal shape with 120o phase shift in between.
 We always expect to have zero voltage at zero rotor angle position as we got in our
experiment but for long run there is certain mismatch occurred between the rotor angle and
output voltage. At that time, we may not get the 0-output voltage at 0o position of rotor for
S1-S2 winding.
 We can also observe that the shape of output voltage is not purely sinusoidal that maybe an
instrumental error.

4. Experiment No.2:
Here, we are seeing the change in control Transformer output with change in rotor position of
transmitter.
Observation Table:
SL No. Transformer Shaft Position (θo) Transformer Output Voltage (Volt)
01 0 10.8
02 20 11.2
03 40 10

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 04 60 7.52
05 80 4.96
06 100 1.44
07 120 2.64
08 140 6.24
09 160 9.28
10 180 10.8
11 200 11.3
12 220 10.4
13 240 8.64
14 260 5.6
15 280 2.08
16 300 2.16
17 320 5.78
18 340 8.8

Transformer Shaft position Vs. Transformer Output voltage

12

10

8
Voltage in Volt

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Rotor shaft Angle in degree

Critical Analysis:
Here we see that there is certain error as zero position of transmitter rotor angle gives 10.8V output. But
after plotting the readings, the waveform obtain is of sinusoidal shape as shown in the above graph.

5. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES:
 Synchro systems were first used in the control system of the Panama Canal in the early
1900s to transmit lock gate and valve stem positions, and water levels, to the control
desks.
 Used in blast furnaces because it requires nearly exact amount of material at preset
positions and exact amount of temperature for heat treatment. To achieve this level of

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 precision, detection and controlling the valve position synchro systems are used by giving
control over angular position of material input valves and opening the valves etc.,
 Proper precise position control of flaps of airplane is necessary while taking off and landing
which is done with the help of synchro transmitter and receiver.
 Synchro plays a very important role in exact positioning control of the antenna we can have
smooth motion required for accurate position control.

6. KEY TAKEAWAY
 It can be observed from the experiment that output voltage is dependent on rotor position as
the amplitude of voltage in all three windings varies as we change the rotor position from 00 to
3600 .
 Amplitude of output voltage should vary sinusoidally with rotor angle but even at the zero
position there is an error similar to offset error present.

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