Name: Kezia Mae N.

Jalandoni Date Performed: 8-26-2022

Subject: AC/DC Machinery Date Due: 10-21-2022
Instructor: Noveas Eroisa Rating: _________________________

NO-LOAD E.M.F
TITLE

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

College Of Engineering
Central Mindanao University
Musuan, Bukidnon

1st Semester, SY 2022-2023

I. Introduction

What is a synchronous motor's no-load EMF? The back emf in the stator
windings of a synchronous motor is produced by the rotor poles. The field winding
generates an equal rotating magnetic field and back emf that opposes the stator's
applied voltage, according to Faraday's laws. When there is no load and no mechanical
or other losses, the magnetic field produced by stationary windings is equal to and
completely opposite to the revolving magnetic field produced by rotor field winding. The
rotating magnetic field lags the stator field by a tiny angle in order to allow current to flow
through the stator and compensate for these losses. (Kamath, 2020, Quora, Para. 1)

II. Objectives
At the end of the activity, the student must be able to:
1. Record the no-load voltage generated by a dynamo under constant speed
and separate excitation.
2. Verify the dependence of the no-load voltage from the speed.

III. Materials and Components

1. 1DC machine stator with commutator rotor and connected brushes
2. 1 Ac machine stator with ring rotor and connected brushes
3. 1 DL 10281 Supply module
4. 1 DL 10282 Measurement module
5. 1 DL 10125 Starting rheostat and synchronizer
6. Circuit Wires
7. 2 AC/DC Electrical Testers

IV. Procedures
In executing in the said activity, the following procedures were considered. First,
is the Assemblage of the group synchronous motor-dynamo by using the stator of the
alternating current machine, completed with ring rotor and brushes, and the stator of the
direct current machine completed with commutator rotor and brushes. Carry out the
circuit shown in the previous topographical diagram. And then, Set the supply module
DL 10281 for a fixed alternating voltage 24V/14A (selector “a0b”to position “a” and
switch L1/L2/L3 to position “0”) and set the selector “c0d” to position “0” with control
knob to 0%. Next, set on the measurement module DL 10282 the voltmeter and the
ammeter for direct current measurements and observe the polarities (+ at red terminal).
After that, set on the module DL 10125 the starting rheostat switch in sequence to
positions R1A and the control knob of the direct source (ac source) to 80%: supply the
module. Next, Activate the supply module and start the motor by setting the switch
L1/L2/L3 to position“1”. Gradually accelerate the motor by setting the starting rheostat
switch in sequence to positions R2A, R3A and short circuit (last clockwise position but
one): the motor turns now with a speed next to the synchronism.
 And synchronize the induction motor by setting rheostat switch to the last
clockwise position: the induction motor is in this way synchronized and it turns with the
synchronous speed. By using the most suitable range of the voltmeter verify that there is
between the terminals A1-A2 of the generator a certain voltage due to the residual
magnetism. Ur = ..........(V1). After that, set now the supply module DL 10282 even for a
variable direct 0÷40 V/5A (selector “c0d” to position “c”). Then, record the magnetization
characteristic by measuring the voltage U delivered by the generator in correspondence
of the values of the excitation current Ic obtained by acting on the control knob and
shown in the table, by carrying out at first the measurements with increasing current and
then with decreasing current, avoiding to carry out handlings in the opposite sense (for
example, if during the recording of the ascending characteristic a too high current value
had carried out it is wrong to carry it back because we would have a point out of the
curve due to the magnetic hysteresis: in this case we have to start the test from the
beginning).
Next , draw on the same diagram the delivered voltage U as a function of the
excitation current Ic at constant speed recorded for the two characteristics and assume
the mean characteristic as magnetization characteristic. Now, verify therefore how the
no-load voltage depends on the rotation speed if the inductive flux is kept constant. And
adjust the dynamo excitation current to Ic = 0.6A and vary the rotation speed of the
induction motor, by passing in sequence from the synchronous operation to the
asynchronous one with speed adjustment by means of the rotor rheostat: for every value
that is carried out measure the corresponding delivered voltage. We advise to carry out
measurement with certain promptness because in the rotor rheostat some energy
disperses. Next, stop the group by setting the switch L1/L2/L3 to position “0” and then
deenergize the dynamo by setting the selector “c0d” to position 0 again. Finally, draw on
a diagram the trend of the delivered voltage U as a function of the speed with constant
excitation.

V. Circuit diagram

VI. Result and Discussion

 Ascending characteristics Descending characteristics
I (A) Ic (A) U (V) Ic (A) U (V)
0 0.3 1 36.7
0.15 6.8 0.9 34.8
0.3 13.5 0.75 30.7
3000 rpm
0.45 19.6 0.6 25.8
0.6 25.4 0.45 20.3
0.75 30.2 0.3 13.9
0.9 34.5 0.15 7.2
1 36.7 0 0.3

Ascending Characteristi cs
Note: (Constant Speed of 3000 rpm)
40 36.7
34.5
35 30.2
30
25.4
Voltage Delivered (V)

25
19.6
20
13.5
15

10 6.8

5 0.3
0 0.15 0.3 0.45 0.6 0.75 0.9 1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Excitation Current Obtained (A)

Descending Characteristi cs
Note: (Constant Speed of 3000 rpm)
40 36.7
34.8
35 30.7
30 25.8
Voltage Delivered (V)

25
20.3
20
13.9
15

10 7.2

5 0.3
1 0.9 0.75 0.6 0.45 0.3 0.15 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Excitation Current Obtained (A)

Discussion:
Based on the results above the exciting current and the voltage generated is directly
proportional. A generator needs excitation current to function properly. It is in responsible of
generating and maintaining the voltage in the generator terminal, which is essential for the
continuous generation of electricity. If we increase the excitation current, then excitation voltage
increases so the generator terminal voltage will also increase because we are creating stronger
magnetism. The greater the excitation voltage, the greater magnetism, the greater output voltage.

Rheostat Ic (A) N (min-1) U (V)

Short circuit 0.6 3401 25.4
R3A 0.6 2836 21.2
R2A 0.6 2214 16.6
R1A 0.6 1299 9.8

Rheostat
Note: Constant excitati on current
lc= 0.6 (A)
4000 N (min-1) U (V)
3401
3500
2836
3000

2500 2214
Axis Title

2000
1299
1500

1000

500
25.7 21.8 17.7 10.8
0
1 2 3 4

Voltage Delivered (V)

Discussion:
The voltage is directly proportional to the speed at a given level of excitation current. This
is because the voltage in any coil is proportional to the rate of change of flux through the coil
(derivative). The flux magnitude is proportional to the current. The rate of change is proportional
to both the magnitude of the flux and the generator's speed; thus, the voltage is proportional to
both the speed and the exciting current.

VII. Conclusion
Based on the findings of the experiment, we can conclude that the flux is increased by a
magnetomotive force generated by the exciting current. As a result, the voltage generated
increases. When the no-load voltage rises, so does the exciting current, and the rotational speed
rises as well. As a result, the no-load voltage, exciting current, and rotational speed are all directly
proportional.