An-Najah National University

Electrical Engineering College

Electric Machines Lab
First semester (2020-2021)
Experiment number - 2
Experiment name: DC Series and Separately Excited Generator
Instructor: Dr.

Labe Date
Time 11-2

Student Name Registration No.

Marks ILO’s % ILO’s Grade

Report Element 2 2,3,5 20%,30%,50%
Writing skills 3 2,4 40%,60%
Measurements 2 1,3,5 30%,40%,30%
Analysis& Drawing 3 2,5,6 10%,50%,40%
Total

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Objectives:
This experiment is intended to give a comprehensive knowledge of basic
principles of DC generators . This includes ;DC series and separately excited
generators .In addition ,it shows how to determine and analyze the internal and
external characteristics and to study the influence of prime mover speed ,field
current and the loud on generated voltage .

Apparatus:
1. Power supply unitAV-1/EV.
2. Adjustable resistive load RL-1/EV.
3. Series field Rheostat RC1a.
4. 3X voltage and current meters AZ-VI.
5. Variable frequency drive VSD-1/EV.
6. DC generator (configured as shunt or compound) M1-2/EV.
7. 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor (Act as prime-mover) M-4/EV.

Theory:
This experiment has been detailed the classification of generators, which was
separately excited generators ,and self-excited (series) generators.
The separately excited generators is fed by independent source, and series
generators is operated at no load condition so only the magnetic flux is
presented in the machine.
The equation that described the no-load voltage (E) which was produced by
cutting the residual flux is :
E=k∗ᶲ∗w k :constant (1)
ᶲ =Kf*If Kf :constant (2)

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 The equation that had described the relation of the steady state operation of a
loaded series generator is described by :
VT = E - Ia*(Ra+Rs) (3)
According to the separately excited generator which is supplied by DC source
is achieved an independent flux.
It was noticed that, Circuits which contains separately excited generators has
an armature current which is equal to line current.
E= K*Kf * If *w (4)
So, it was cleared that the relation between the induced voltage, and the field
current is linearly proportional until it reached the saturation point.
The equation that had described the relation of the steady state operation of a
separately excited generators is described by :
VT = E- Ia * Ra (5)

Procedure:
in this experiment we studied( delta )Connection and (Y) Connection and we
studied about separately excited generator and DC Series Motor, we noticed the
relation between Frequency and the speed is proportional ,this experiment
Divided Into three parts :

part one: (load test on DC series generator) At the beginning, ensure that the
resistive load RL-1/EV ,tow meters AZ-VI,DC- machine M1-2/EV, induction motor
M4/EV and the frequency drive VSD-1/EV are all present at your work bench,
carefully connect the DC series generator ,speed control the generator by the
control knob inVSD-1/EV , measure the terminal voltage and load-current in each
step when the RL-1/EV change ,note down the measurements in table at the end
part one switch off the power supply and disconnect the circuit, draw the output
characteristic curve between (VT versus IL) and (Pout versus IL).

Table 1: Experimental data of DC series generator

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 RL-1/EV
N (rpm) If = Ia = IL (A) VT (V) Pout (W)
Settings
No load .02 4 .08
ABC 0.04 7 .28
ABC C 0.56 108 60.48
ABC AC 0.81 145 117.45
ABC BC 0.97 161 156.17
2800
ABC ABC 1.11 172 190.92
ABC ABC A 1.24 179 221.96
ABC ABC B 1.35 184 248.4
ABC ABC AB 1.45 185 268.25
ABC ABC C 1.54 186 286.44

VT (V)
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
VT
0 (V)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

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 Pout (W)
300

250

200
Pout (W)
150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Part two: (open circuit test of DC separately excited generator) in the part will
perform an open circuit test by simply connecting the DC separately generator in
accordance to Fig (6) in lab manual ,after checking the wiring turn on the power
supply and bring the speed at low mode (1800)rpm ,use mode DC supply to slowly
increase the field current in small five steps and observe the rise of voltage across
the terminals(A1,A2)in Fig, measure the induced voltage (E)and write the
measurement in the table ,at a high speed (2800)rpm and again increase the field
current to measure the induced voltage (E),switch off the power supply .

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Table 2: Experimental data for open circuit test
Speed Mode N (rpm) If (A) Vf (V) E=VT (V)
0 4 7
0.02 33 30
0.04 70 36
Low Speed(30) 1800 0.06 108 95
0.07 127 109
0.09 169 134
0.10 201 146
0 4 12
0.02 31 43
0.04 69 96
High Speed(46.7) 2800 0.06 111 152
0.07 129 172
0.09 174 211
0.10 193 223

part three: (load test on DC separately excited generator)this part may have to
be carried out using an adjustable resistive load RL-1/EV to study the output
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characteristic curve (current voltage relationship),connection are to be made
according to the circuit in Fig (7)in lab manual , chick the wiring and choose
maximum value for RL (2200),set the speed of prime mover at (2800)rpm ,set the
field supply at 150Volt DC and rise resistive load in steps measure the (VT) and
(IL) and write this reading in tables .

Table 1: Experimental data for separately excited generator

RL-1/EV
N (rpm) Vf (Volts) If (A) Ia = IL (A) VT (V) Pout (W)
Settings
0.08 No Load 0.01 194 1.94
0.08 B 0.2 190 38
0.08 C 0.35 187 65.45
0.08 BC 0.52 183 95.16
0.08 ABC A 0.66 177 116.82
2800 150
0.08 ABC AB 0.8 171 136.8
0.08 ABC AC 0.92 165 151.8
0.08 ABC ABC 1.04 160 166.4
0.08 ABC ABC A 1.09 157 171.13
0.08 ABC ABC B 1.14 154 175.56

Table 2: Experimental data for separately excited generator

RL-1/EV
N (rpm) Vf (Volts) If (A) Ia = IL (A) VT (V) Pout (W)
Settings
0.11 No Load 0.02 235 4.7
0.11 B 0.23 230 52.9
.11 C 0.43 225 96.75
.11 BC 0.62 220 136.4
.11 ABC A 0.8 219 175.2
2800 220
.11 ABC AB 0.97 208 201.76
.11 ABC AC 1.12 201 207.76
.11 ABC ABC 1.27 196 240.92
.11 ABC ABC A 1.34 193 258.62
.11 ABC ABC B 1.4 191 267.4

Analysis

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Q1: With reference to the data in table 3 calculate Pout and draw characteristic
curve showing the relative change of terminal voltage VT with respect to load
current IL
200

195

190

185
VT (Volts)

180

175

170

165

160

155
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
IL (Amps)

Q2: Draw a second curve to show the relationship between P out and VT

250

200

150
Pout (Watt)

100

50

0
165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200
VT (Volts)

Q3: Calculate the voltage regulation for both; separately excited generator and
series generator.

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Answer: It is seen from table 3 above, for separately excited generator, that the
full-load voltage is 146 Volts and the no-load voltage is equal to 177 Volts.
As for the series generator, from table 1, Vnl = 3 and Vfl = 173.
Using the following equation for voltage regulation,
V nl −V fl
V R= × 100 %
V fl

It is found that for the separately excited generator is equal to 21.23% and the
series generator 98.26%.
Q4: From the open circuit test for separately excited generator, explain the reason
why there is a small induced voltage at no-load.
Answer: It is due to the existence of some residual magnetism in the field poles/
due to the residual magnetism, a small initial emf is induced in the armature. This
initial induced emf aids the existing residual flux, and hence, increasing the overall
field flux.

Conclusion:
At the end of this experiment , it has detailed the types of generators ,and
characteristics for each one.
Also, it has discussed Y and Delta connections and how did the generators
work.
By applying the practical part, it was noticed that the velocity was depended
only on the frequency .