ADNAN MENDERES UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
EE 310 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORY
2017-2018.
EXPERIMENT NUMBER :6

EXPERIMENT TITLE : THREE-PHASE SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

LAB. SECTION : 1

LAB. GROUP NUMBER :1

GROUP MEMBER : Ben KAPANSA 141804032.

: Musab sabri KARA 131804003.

: Burcu Serpil HIDIROĞLU 131804026.

: Cihan EBRET 131804025.

INSTRUCTOR: Asst. Prof. Atilla DÖNÜK

DATE: 16/05/2018.

SIGNATURES:-

We hereby declare that the information provided inside this report is obtained and reported with our own experimental works.
We also understand that any willful dishonesty may result in failure in this course.
OBJECTIVE:-
The objective was to demonstrate the connection of a three-phase salient pole synchronous motor and
control the direction of rotation of the motor, the excitation characteristic of a three-phase salient pole
synchronous motor and to demonstrate the operating characteristic of a three-phase salient pole
synchronous motor under load condition.

RESULTS
CONNECTION AND MOTOR DIRECTION CONTROL.

A 3-phase synchronous motor, connected to infinite bus, is operating at no load at normal excitation.
The field excitation of the motor is first decreased to zero and then increased in the reverse direction.
The armature current of the synchronous motor will increase first and then decrease.

 When the reverse switch was set to FOR position the motor started running and the observed
and recorded direction of the rotation of the motor was Anti-clockwise.
 By switching to the REV position the direction rotation ot the motor change and is was
running in Clockwise direction.
 EXCITATION CHARACTERISTIC
Synchronous motor excitation, it should be remembered that any electromagnetic device must draw a
magnetizing current from the AC source to produce the required working flux. This magnetizing
current lags by almost 90o to the supply voltage. In other words, the function of this magnetizing
current or lagging VA drawn by the electromagnetic device is to set up the flux in the magnetic circuit
of the device.The synchronous motor is doubly fed electrical motor Synchronous converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy via magnetic circuit. Hence, it comes under electromagnetic device. It
receives 3 phase AC electrical supply to its armature winding and DC supply is provided to rotor
winding.
Excitation means the production of flux by passing current in the field winding.Synchronous motor
excitation refers to the DC supply given to rotor which is used to produce the required magnetic
flux.One of the major and unique characteristics of this motor is that it can be operated at any
electrical power factor leading, lagging or unity and this feature is based on the excitation of the
synchronous motor. When the synchronous motor is working at constant applied voltage V, the
resultant air gap flux as demanded by V remains substantially constant. This resultant air gap flux is
established by the co operation of both AC supply of armature winding and DC supply of rotor
winding.

A synchronous motor driven by a constant mechanical output power at a constant nominal frequency
and voltage is called a curve V which gives the connection between the armature current and the
excitation current.A three-phase asynchronous motor is drawn with power:
P = √3 * U * .If * cosφ
In this equation P and U is constant. If load current change, power factor will change.The current is
smallest when the power factor is largest.The synchronous motor draws the smallest current when
cosφ=1.The motor is inductive for smaller excitation currents than the excitation current for the
smallest current at a given load, and capacitive for larger excitation currents.
Table 14-2-1 Measured values of cos θ, I, E, and P (50-Hz power)

T(kg-m) (for50hz) 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

cosθ 0.237 0.632 0.76 --

I(A) 0.43 0.51 0.71 --

If=0.15A
E(V) 220 220 220 --

P(W) 39 119 222 --

cosθ -0.826 -0.955 -0.973 -0.984 0.971 --

I(A) 0.11 0.32 0.52 0.77 1.12 --

If=0.3A
E(V) 220 220 220 220 220 --

P(W) 35 121 205 270 391 --

cosθ -0.26 -0.571 -0.75 -0.86 -0.922 -0.975

I(A) 0.46 0.6 0.74 0.91 1.05 1.27

If=0.45A
E(V) 220 220 220 220 220 220

P(W) 47 124 216 303 387 480

1-2 LOAD CHARACTERıSTıCS

Consider a synchronous generator driven at constant speed and with constant excitation. On open
circuit the terminal voltage Vt is the same as the open circuit e.m.f. Eg. Suppose a unity-power-factor
load be connected to the machine. The flow of load current produces a voltage drop I aZs in the
synchronous impedance, and terminal voltage Vt is reduced. Fig. 1.12 shows the phasor diagram for
three types of load. It will be seen that the angle s between Eg and Vt increases with load, indicating a
shift of the flux across the pole faces due to cross- magnetization. The terminal voltage is obtained
from the complex summation

so that the V/I curve, Fig. 1.13, is nearly an ellipse with semi-axes Eg and Isc. The current Isc is that
which flows when the load resistance is reduced to zero. The voltage Vt falls to zero also and the
machine is on short-circuit with Vt = 0 and

Ia =Isc =Eg /Zs

~ Eg /Xs

For a lagging load of zero power-factor, diagram is given in Fig. 1.13. The voltage is given as before
and since the resistance in normal machines is small compared with the synchronous reactance, the
voltage is given approximately by

which is the straight line marked for cosϕ = 0

lagging in Fig.1.14. A leading load of zero
power factor Fig. 1.14 will have the voltage
another straight line for which, by reason of the direct magnetizing effect of leading currents, the
voltage increases with load.

Intermediate load power factors produce voltage/current characteristics resembling those in Fig: 1.13
The voltage-drop with load (i.e. the regulation) is clearly dependent upon the power factor of the load.
The short-circuit current Isc at which the load terminal voltage falls to zero may be about 150 per cent
(1.5 per unit) of normal current in large modern machines.

Table 14-3-1 Measured values of cos θ, I, E, and P (50-Hz power)

lf=0.05
T (kq-m) lf=0.4A lf=0.35A lf=0.3A lf=0.25A lf=0.2A lf=0.15A If=0.1 A
A
COS α -0.312 -0.45 -0.77 0.57 0.33 0.238 0.188 0.175
I (A) 0.338 0.212 0.116 0.153 0.271 0.4 0.59 0.72
0
E(V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
P (W) 40 36 34 33 34 37 43 48
COS α -0.67 -0.8 -0.95 0.928 0.767 0.636 0.521 0.45
I (A) 0.462 0.366 0.32 0.333 0.4 0.507 0.63 0.8
0.05
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
P (W) 123 115 102 115 114 124 128 134
COS α -0.816 -0.901 -0.97 0.961 0.879 0.772 0.67
I (A) 0.64 0.57 0.521 0.52 0.59 0.73 0.942
0.1 —
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
P (W) 200 197 196 197 202 213 219
COS α -0.909 -0.96 -0.984 0.957 0.88 —
I (A) 0.83 0.756 0.77 0.8 0.91 —
0.15 — —
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 —
P (W) 294 290 286 296 307 —
Table 14-3-1 Measured values of cos θ, I, E, and P (60-Hz power)

lf=0.05
T (kq-m) lf=0.4A lf=0.35A lf=0.3A lf=0.25A lf=0.2A lf=0.15A If=0.1 A
A
COS α -0.306 -0.406 -0.575 -0.6 0.388 0.28 0.225 0.2
I (A) 0.44 0.3 0.2 0.19 0.31 0.46 0.64 0.8
0
E(V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
P (W) 54 50 47 46 47 51 56 65
COS α -0.54 -0.682 -0.84 -0.894 0.763 0.573 0.482 0.413
I (A) 0.6 0.46 0.36 0.33 0.39 0.54 0.67 0.87
0.05
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
P (W) 129 124 120 118 119 122 127 141
COS α -0.725 -0.823 -0.91 -0.94 0.863 0.737 0.65 —
I (A) 0.69 0.59 0.54 0.51 0.57 0.69 0.83
0.1
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 220 220

P (W) 200 197 196 197 202 213 219

COS α -0.79 -0.89 -0.953 0.955 0.895 0.788

I (A) 0.86 0.75 0.7 0.7 0.77 0.9

0.15 — —
E (V) 220 220 220 220 220 220

P (W) 269 267 264 268 277 280

 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, An overexcited synchronous motor operate at leading power factor, under-excited
synchronous motor operate at lagging power factor and normal excited synchronous motor operate at
unity power factor. Synchronous motors are inherently not self starting. They require some external
means to bring their speed close to synchronous speed to before they are synchronised. The speed of
operation of is in synchronism with the supply frequency and hence for constant supply frequency
they behave as constant speed motor irrespective of load condition .This motor has the unique
characteristics of operating under any electrical power factor. This makes it being used in electrical

power factor improvement. A 3-phase synchronous motor, connected to infinite bus, is operates at no load
at normal excitation. The field excitation of the motor is first decreased to zero and then increased in the
reverse direction. The armature current of the synchronous motor will increase first and then decrease.