Experiment-6

-Arti Rawat (170020015)

Problem statement-
a. Open circuit, short circuit test on single phase transformer
b. Load test on single phase transformer

Prelab Work:
● Read working principle, equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a transformer
● Read about OCT & SCT.

Aim :
1. To obtain the equivalent circuit parameters from OC and SC tests
2. To estimate efficiency & regulation at various loads.

Transformer Specification:
230V/200V/300 VA single phase transformer
Primary current=1.3A
Secondary current=1.5A

Open Circuit Test

This test is performed to find out the shunt or no load branch parameters of
equivalent circuit of a transformer. This test results the iron losses and no load
current values, thereby we can determine the no load branch parameters with
simple calculations.
The OC test is carried out by connecting LV side (as primary) of the transformer to
the AC supply through variac, ammeter and wattmeter instruments. The secondary
side or HV side terminals are left open and in some cases a voltmeter is connected
across it to measure the secondary voltage.
Circuit Diagram:
 Fig. 1 Connection Diagram for OC test on a transformer

Voc(V) Ioc(A) Woc(KW)

115.2 0.213 0.012

Short Circuit Test:

This test is performed to find series branch parameters of an equivalent circuit

such as equivalent impedance (Zo1 or Zo2), total winding resistance (Ro1 or Ro2),
and total leakage reactance (Xo1 or Xo2). Also, it is possible to determine copper
losses at any desired load and total voltage drop of the transformer referred to
primary or secondary. In this test, usually LV winding is shorted by a thick wire.
And the other side, i.e. HV side this test is conducted.

Circuit Diagram:
 Vsc(V) Isc(A) Wsc(KW)
17.57 1.506 0.026

Load Test

VLV(V) ILV(A) CosɸLV PLV(W) POUT(W) Efficiency% Regulation %

230 0.818 1 181 188.1 50.9 0
225.9 0.938 1 212 211.9 49.9 1.782
225.6 1.094 1 245 246.8 50.1 1.913
225.4 1.179 1 261 265.7 50.4 2.000
224.9 1.287 1 284 289.4 50.4 2.217
224.4 1.387 1 302 308.5 50.5 2.434

Efficiency Vs Load Current :

Voltage Regulation Vs Load Current:

Calculations:
Calculation of Rc and Xm from OCC test:
Ohmic loss during open circuit test is negligible comparison with the normal core loss
(approximately proportional to the square of the applied voltage) .Hence the wattmeter
reading can be taken as equal to transformer core loss.

We have V1=Voc=115.2V
Ie=Ioc=0.213A
Pc=Woc=0.012KW
No load p. f.(cosθ) = Pc/(V1*Ie)
=12/(0.213*115) = 0.489
Ic=Iecosθ=0.104A; Im=Iesinθ=0.186A
Rc=V1/Ic ; Xm=V1/Im
=1107.69 ohm = 619.355ohm

Calculation of reH and xeH from SCC test:

ZeH = Vsc/Isc = 17.47/1.506= 11.60 Ohm

reH=Psc/(Isc^2) = 11.46 Ohm
XeH =√(ZeH^2-reH^2)
= 1.796 Ohm

Calculation of efficiency and voltage regulation:

Efficiency, η = Power output in KW/ Power input in KW

= Power output in KW/ (Power output in KW + Losses)

= Power output in KW/ (Power output in KW + Copper loss + Core loss)

= 0.7942

Percentage voltage regulation, %R = ((E1 – V1)/ V1 )×100

The expression of voltage regulation in terms voltage drops is given as

%R = ((I1ReH cos Φ + I1XeH sin Φ) / V1) ×100

= 1.324

Result :

We have determined the Equivalent parameters of transformer.

Regulation and Efficiency calculated from OC and Sc test are approximately equal to
one calculated from load test.
Efficiency first increases with increasing current and then gets saturates after a
certain value.

Voltage regulation increases with increasing current.