Electrical Machines Lab

(0953374)

Facility of Engineering & Technology

The University of Jordan
Mechanical Engineering Department

Experiment # 1
Transformer

Submitted by

Zaid Ammar Alkilani 0194487

Mohamad Ayman Soufan 0197650
Ibrahim Ghazi Al Absi 0196329
Yousef Riyad Abura 0188008
Haitham Suleiman 0188714
Objectives:

This experiment is designed to:

1. Determine the parameters of the transformer equivalent circuit
by conducting the No-Load & Short-Circuit tests.
2. Investigate the performance characteristics of the transformers
under resistive loading conditions.

Equipments:

• Power transformer (240 VA , 120/130 V, 270/296 T, 50 Hz )

• Transformer Trainer unit TT179 : measurement console,
dissectible transformer included.
• Variable AC power supply PS189 (VARIAC)
• Resistive Load (variable).
• Wattmeter (Electronic or Moving coil)
• Connecting wires.
Result & Discussion:
Table (1):
V1 (v) V2 (v) I1 (A) Pi (w) Turns ratio Rc Xm
20 21.5 0.062 0.7 0.93 571.4285714 390.8069212
40 44 0.1 2.3 0.91 695.6521739 488.9058651
60 64 0.142 4.5 0.9375 800 497.6041367
80 87 0.22 7.8 0.9195 820.5128205 405.64869
100 109 0.309 12.1 0.9174 826.446281 351.7117258
110 118.5 0.4 15 0.9283 806.6666667 292.5232336
120 129.3 0.6 18.7 0.928 770.0534759 207.1072223
125 133.8 0.772 20.8 0.93423 751.2019231 165.8147194

Table (2):
I1 (A) I2 (A) Pi (w) Vsc (v) R1 X1 R2 X2
0.5 0.48 1.6 4 3.472222 2.303212 4.052853 1.973243
1 0.98 6.6 8 3.436068 2.202989 4.010653 1.887378
2.5 1.4 13.5 11.4 3.443878 2.17169 4.019768 1.860564
2 1.85 24 15 3.506209 2.035154 4.092523 1.743589

Table (3):
V1 (v) V2 (v) I2 (A) Pi (w) Po (w) P.F V.R% η I1 (A)
120 129 0 18.4 0 0.256 0 0 0.6
120 125 0.4 70 51 0.73 3.2 0.7286 0.8
120 123.6 0.6 93.5 73.5 0.82 4.37 0.7861 0.95
120 121 0.8 119.5 98 0.91 6.6 0.82 1.1
120 119 1 143 119.5 0.916 8.4 0.8356 1.3
120 114.5 1.5 203.7 171 0.943 12.66 0.8395 1.8
120 109 2 261 217.5 0.946 18.35 0.833 2.3
*Sample calculation:

(Table 1)
Trial 8
1-Turns ratio (a) = V1/V2=125/133.8=0.93423
.a avg=0.9256
2- calculate Rc & Xm
Poc=Ioc.voc.cos (theta)
20.8=0.772*125*cos(theta) …. Theta =77.55o
Ic=Ioc*cos(theta)=0.772*cos(77.55)=0.1664 A
Im=Ioc*sin(theta)=0.772*sin(77.55)=0.754 A
*Rc=Voc/Ic=125/.1664=751.2 ohm
*Xm=Voc/Im=125/0.754=165.82(j) ohm

3- calculate R1,R2,X1,X2:
From table 2
Isc=1.4 A
Psc=Isc.Vsc.cos(theta)…13.5=1.4*11.4*cossc(theta)
Theta(sc)=32.24o
Zsc=Vsc/Isc=11.4/1.4=8.143 ohm
Req=Zsc*cos(thetasc)=8.143*cos(32.24)=6.89 ohm
Xeq=Zsc*sin(thetasc)=8.143*sin(32.24)=4.344 (j) ohm
*R1=Req/2=6.89/2=3.445 ohm
*X1=Xeq/2=4.344/2=2.172 (j) ohm
*R2=R1*(1/aavg)2=3.445*(1/0.9256)2=4.021 ohm
*X2=X1/(aavg)2=2.172/0.92562=2.535 (j) ohm

Table 3:
Trial 2
η =Po/Pi=51/70=0.7286
P.F=Pi/(V1 . I1)=18.4/(120*0.6)=0.256
V.R%=(Vnl – Vfl)/ Vfl *100%= (129-125)/125*100%=3.2%

V1 with V2
160 y= .644x + 13.489
140 1
120
R² = 0.96
100
80
V2(V)

60
40
20
0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
V1(V)

figure (1) : primary voltage with secondary voltage at NO-load

test
 comment:
From the above figure we see the relation between V1 with V2 is almost linear
and the slope close to the turn ratio.

Discussion and conclusion:

During this experiment, the no-load and short-circuit tests were used to establish
the parameters of the transformer equivalent circuit.By using the open circuit test
we could determine RC and Xm . By using the short circuit test we could determine
Req and Xeq .

In the OCT , the high voltage side is opened .. while in the SCT the low voltage
side is shorted.
Since no current will flow through the secondary winding during an open circuit
test, the wattmeter result will be identical to the core losses.
Because the applied voltage is low and the core losses are also low, the wattmeter
value during the short circuit test is equivalent to the copper losses.