THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

NAME: MOSES MUSHEHENU

COMPUTER ID: 2020558485

COURSE CODE: EEE3019

LAB NUMBER 4: A.C AND D.C MOTOR

ATTENTION: MR ZIBA

DUE DATE: 27TH OCTOBER, 2023

Contents
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 3
AIM ............................................................................................................................................. 3
EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................................ 3
THEORY ....................................................................................................................................... 4
PROCEDURE................................................................................................................................ 4
DATA COLLECTION ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.D.C ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2. A.C ...................................................................................................................................... 6
DATA ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 7
1. D.C ................................................................................................................................... 7
2. A.C ................................................................................................................................... 8
DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 9
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION
A traditional DC machine has two sets of electromagnet windings: the armature windings on
the rotor (rotating component) and the field windings on the stator (stationary component).
When DC current flows through the two windings, a torque is produced on the rotor
conductors as a result of the interaction of the magnetic fields associated with the two
windings. This torque causes the rotor to turn. As it does a commutator & conducting brush
allow the current in the armature winding to periodically switch direction when appropriate
so that the torque on the rotor, and thus the direction of rotation of the rotor, is always in
the same direction. The schematic diagram below shows the connection of a variable-speed
DC motor drive to a three-phase AC voltage supply. The DC-drive in this diagram serves two
purposes. First, it rectifies the AC supply voltage into DC-voltage for application to the DC
motor windings. Second, it allows variability in the DC-voltage output, which as you will see
in your experiment, allows variability in the rotational speed of the motor. It should also be
noted, that the field winding is externally excited by a separate power source. In class, we
have discussed series, shunt, and compound connected motors. An externally excited
winding is somewhat similar to a shunt connected motor, as the field current and rotor
current are independent.

AIM
• Increase familiarity with the operation of DC and induction motors.
• Study the implications of varying the input (e.g., voltage, current, and frequency) and
output (load demand) parameters of DC and induction motors

EQUIPMENT
• Three phase generators
• D.C compound machine
• Three phase induction motor (prime mover)
• D.C power supply (exciter)
THEORY

PROCEDURE
AS STATED IN THE LAB MANUAL…
DATA COLLECTION
1.D.C
If = 0.1A
N(rpm) V(volts)
899 55
1139 70
1319 85
1499 100
1619 110
1859 125
2099 145

N=1799rpm
If(A) V(Volts)
0.02 70
0.04 100
0.06 110
0.08 120
0.1 125

2. A.C
If= 0.1A
N(rpm) V(Volts)
899 64
1199 91
1379 110
1499 123
1679 137
1859 150
2039 166
2219 182

N=1619rpm
IF(A) V(Volts)
0.04 52
0.06 84
0.08 105
0.1 130
0.12 145
0.14 170
0.16 180
0.2 205
DATA ANALYSIS
1. D.C
Field current is constant = 0.1A
N vs V GRAPH

2500

2000

1500
SPEED

Y-Values

1000 Linear (Y-Values)

Linear (Y-Values)

500

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
VOLTAGE

NI IS CONSTANT = 1799rpm

Y-Values
140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
 2. A.C
N VS V WHEN I IS CONSTANT

Y-Values
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

V vs I when N is contant
250

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
DISCUSSION
Where we varied the field current and speed to observe changes in voltage, offered a hands-
on experience to investigate the behaviour of direct current (DC) and alternating current
(AC) motors under different operating conditions.
One of the primary objectives of the experiment was to understand the impact of field
current variation on the performance of a DC motor. The field current is responsible for
creating the magnetic field within the motor, influencing torque and speed.
As we increased the field current, we observed an increase in the motor's speed. This
relationship is consistent with the fundamental principles of DC motor operation, where a
stronger magnetic field results in greater mechanical output.
The observed changes in voltage were a direct consequence of the speed variation. As speed
increased, the back electromotive force (back-EMF) in the motor also increased. This
relationship, as described by the back-EMF equation, E = kΦN, is important for
understanding the motor's electrical behaviour

CONCLUSION
From the experiment, it can be concluded that in both A.C MOTOR and D.C MOTOR, the
generated voltage can be varied by varying the field current or varying the speed of the
MOTOR. Also, it was observed that the graphs produced from both tests were almost the
same

REFERENCES
1. EEE LECTURE NOTES
2. EEE LAB MANUAL
3. A TEXTBOOK OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BY R.K RAJPUT