Aspec - Group 4 Presentation - BS Arch 4e PDF

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY AND
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL SENSE
GROUP 4
ARIMADO-CALIBO-CIPRIANO-LOQUINARIO
Energy Efficiency Level
of an Existing Building
Extent to which the energy consumption

per square meter of floor area of the
Energy
building measures up to established
energy consumption benchmarks.
Efficiency
Renewable Energy
energy derived from natural sources
that are replenished at a higher rate
than they are consumed.
Benchmark
Are representative values for
common building types against
which a building’s actual
Benchmark performance can be compared.
The benchmarks used vary with the
country and type of building
Purposes To identify a building’s energy performance
of
Benchmarks To identify potential savings, shown by the
variance between the actual data and the
benchmarks
Model Benchmarks
obtained by using a simulation
model to determine the
performance of a building,
usually at the design or
2 Types of refurbishment stage
Benchmarks
Empirical Benchmarks
obtained from statistical data
from detailed studies of 20-
100 buildings per sector.
U-Value
refers to how well an element
conducts heat from one side to the
other by rating how much the heat
the component allows to pass
through it.
To reduce the effects of climate change
Avoid price fluctuations caused by over- Importance

dependence in petroleum use and electricity. of Energy
Provide shorter lead time. Efficiency in
Building
Lower energy costs.
ENERGY FLOW
Natural Energy
These include passive solar heating,
passive cooling, natural ventilation flow,
and daylight.
Building
Orientation
Shapes
Plan
Natural
Energy can be
Natural
obtained Natural
Ventilation
Thermal
Daylight Insulator
through:
efficient and well-

controlled building
services
Delivered
Energy
This is the amount of energy supplied to
meet a building’s net energy demand
i.e. to provide energy for heating,
cooling, ventilation, hot water and
lighting.
Internal Heat
Gain
Internal heat is the thermal energy from
people, lighting and appliances that
give off heat to the indoor environment.
Exported
Energy
This is the fraction of delivered energy
that, where applicable, is sold to
external users.
System Losses
Result from the inefficiencies in
transporting and converting the
delivered energy.
The properties of the building
How efficiently the delivered

energy is used to meet the
Addressing building’s net energy demand
System Losses How efficiently energy is
issue depends used by people in the

building
on:
The percentage of the building’s
energy requirement that is supplied
by renewable energy.
Determining
Building
Performance
Reducing heating demand
Reducing cooling demand

Energy Reducing the energy requirements for
Efficiency ventilation
Reducing energy use for lighting
Measures for Reducing energy used for heating water
Buildings: Reducing electricity consumption of office
equipment and appliances
Good housekeeping and people solutions
Limiting the exposed

surface area of the
building
The shape of a building determines how
Reducing
much area is exposed to the outdoors
through exterior walls and ceilings. To Heating
save energy, try to keep this exposed
area to a minimum. Demands
Improving air tightness

Reducing
An airtight house will reduce heat and
air movement and be quieter and Heating
Demands
cleaner.
Improving the insulation

of the building’s fabric
Reducing
Heat flow in and out of the building from
conduction can be reduced with high
levels of insulation in the attic, sidewalls,
Heating
basement walls and doors.
Demands
Effectively using controls

Temperature controls can be used to pre-
cool small office buildings so that they Reducing
Heating
take less power to cool during peak
demand and to reduce heat and cooling
temperature during unoccupied periods
in offices or when occupants are
sleeping. Demands
Identifying a suitable
heating system
The most appropriate and efficient form
of heating for a building will vary
Reducing
depending on the use to which the
building is to be put. Condensing boilers Heating
Demands
should be used in place of conventional
boiler plant due to their higher seasonal
efficiency
Avoiding excessive
glazing Reducing
Large areas of glazing will increase solar Cooling
heat gains in summer and heat losses in
winter making it more difficult to provide
a comfortable internal environment
Demand
Use of shading
Solar gains can be reduced by the use of
Reducing
external shading, mid pane blinds (where
blinds are integrated between the panes Cooling
Demand
of the double or triple glazing unit) or by
internal blinds.
Solar control glass Reducing

Glazing should be selected with the Cooling
Demand
highest light transmittance and the
lowest solar heat gain factor.
Selecting equipment with

reduced heat output Reducing
Selecting office equipment with a Cooling
Demand
reduced heat output can reduce cooling
demands and by ensuring equipment has
effective controls that automatically
switch it off when not in use
Separating high heat load

processes from general Reducing
accommodation
Intensive equipment such as mainframe
Cooling
computers, these are best located in a
separate air-conditioned space, avoiding
the need to provide cooling to the whole
Demand
building.
Making use of thermal

mass and night ventilation
to reduce peak Reducing
temperatures
Thermal mass is particularly beneficial
Cooling
where there is a big difference between
day and night outdoor temperature.
Demand
Correct use of thermal mass can delay
heat flow through the building envelope
by as much as 10 to 12 hours, producing a
warmer house at night in winter and a
cooler house during the day in summer.
Reducing heat gains from

lighting Reducing
Heat gains from lighting can be reduced
Cooling
by making best use of day lighting and
by providing energy-efficient lighting
installations with good controls.
Demand
Predicting the impact of

passive cooling strategies Reducing
Computer simulation tools can be used to
Cooling
predict the likely comfort conditions in
buildings and optimize glazing and
shading arrangements.
Demand
Building design
Reducing the
Energy
Requirements
for Ventilation

Cross ventilation
Building design
Reducing the
Energy
Requirements
for Ventilation

Stack Effect
Effective window design Reducing the

Windows should allow ease of control by
building occupants and controlled
Energy
ventilation that will not blow papers off
desks, or cause draughts
Requirements
for Ventilation

Mixed mode ventilation Reducing the

Mixed mode ventilation strategies allow
natural ventilation to be used for most of
Energy
the year or to serve parts of a building. Requirements
for Ventilation

Reducing use in
mechanical ventilation Reducing the
The main use of energy for both Energy
mechanical cooling and for air
conditioning is the fans needed to Requirements
circulate the air.
for Ventilation

Maximizing the use of

daylight Reducing
The provision of effective daylight in
Energy for
buildings can be assessed using average
daylight factors and by ensuring that
Lighting
occupants have a view of the sky.
Energy efficient lighting

systems Reducing
An efficient lighting installation should
Energy for
be able to provide the required
illuminance level for a particular use with
Lighting
minimum energy consumption.
Lighting controls Reducing

Lighting controls should be designed so
that small groups of lights can be
Energy for
controlled individually with the controls
provided adjacent to the work area. Lighting
Installing time controls
Reducing
Setting sanitary hot water thermostats
Switching off electric heating elements
Switching off any associated pumps when hot Energy for

water is not required
Replacing any damaged or missing insulation

Heating
Identifying a suitable hot water system
Water

Switching off Reducing

Upgrading existing equipment Consumption
Matching the equipment to the task
of Office
Taking advantage of energy labelling
Equipment and
schemes Appliances

Setting up an energy
policy Good
Commitment to energy efficiency has to Housekeeping
come from the top and should be backed
up by a personalized mission statement and People
and energy policy.
Solutions
Involving Staff
Good
All staff are important in saving energy,
so they must be made aware of wastage Housekeeping
areas and be trained to operate
equipment and controls correctly. and People
Solutions
Setting targets Good

Tell staff how much energy is currently
Housekeeping
being a consumed and set a realistic
savings target.
and People
Solutions
Conducting walk-rounds
Walking round your office after everyone
Good
has left, before everyone comes in and
when offices are empty during the day,
Housekeeping
gives an idea of what equipment tends to
be left on out of office hours.
and People
Solutions
Take meter readings

Meter readings can give a picture of the
Good
energy usage in the office. Meter
readings can be used to determine
Housekeeping
electricity use during and after office
hours.
and People
Solutions
Energy Efficiency Index
of Equipment/System
Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is a ratio

between measured laboratory energy
Energy consumption and a standard energy

consumption per cabinet category.
Efficiency
Index of The EEI can be used to compare the energy
efficiency of different equipment or systems
Equipment/ and to identify opportunities for
System
improvement. Higher EEI values indicate
greater energy efficiency, while lower
values indicate lower efficiency.
The EEI can be calculated using
Energy various methods, depending on the

type of equipment or system being
Efficiency evaluated.
Index of Improving the energy efficiency of

Equipment/ equipment and systems can lead to
System significant energy savings and

reduced operating costs.
The formula of the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is set as follows:

AE is the annual energy consumption,

Edaily is the energy consumption measured over 24 hours
SAE is Standard Annual Energy consumption determined
through a benchmark of existing equipment, defined by
Category, Type, Temperature class, Total Display Area.

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN In the Philippines, the Energy

Efficiency Index (EEI) is an important
tool for improving energy efficiency in
Energy various types of equipment and
Efficiency systems. The Department of Energy

(DOE) has implemented programs and
Index initiatives aimed at improving EEI for
various sectors, including buildings,
appliances, and transport.
Buildings
For buildings, the DOE has issued the Energy Conservation
Building Code (ECBC), which requires new buildings to meet
certain energy efficiency standards. The ECBC includes
provisions for calculating EEI for lighting, HVAC, and other
building systems. The Philippine Green Building Council
(PhilGBC) also promotes the use of EEI as part of its
certification process for green buildings.

These Guidelines address the need to provide energy

efficiency guidance in the design and construction of
buildings in the Philippines.
What is the Republic Act No. 11285 or the “Energy Efficiency and
ECBC or now Conservation Act” (EEC Act) provides for the
known as establishment of a framework for introducing and
Energy institutionalizing fundamental policies on energy
Conserving efficiency and conservation, including the promotion of
Design for efficient and judicious utilization of energy, increase in

the utilization of energy efficiency and renewable
Buildings? energy technologies, and the delineation of
responsibilities among various government agencies
and private entities.
Appliances
For appliances, the DOE has implemented the Mandatory
Energy Labeling Program, which requires certain
appliances to display energy efficiency labels that include
EEI ratings. The program aims to promote the use of
energy-efficient appliances and encourage manufacturers
to improve the energy efficiency of their products.

The Philippine Energy Labeling Program (PELP) is one of the

initiatives of the Department of Energy as part of the
enactment of Republic Act 11285, otherwise known as the
Philippine
“Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) Act”, which was
approved on 12 April 2019.
Energy established through Department Circular DC2020-06-

0015, “Prescribing the Guidelines of the Philippine Energy
Labelling Labeling Program (PELP) for Compliance of Importers,

Manufacturers, Distributors and Dealers of Electrical
Program Appliances and other Energy-Consuming Products (ECP)”.
signed on 15 June 2020, published in broadsheet

newspapers namely the Business World and the Daily
Tribune on 26 June 2020 and became effective on 10 July
2020.
Objectives
Philippine The PELP aims to transform the market

and encourage the shift in consumer
Energy behavior towards the use of energy
Labelling efficient products and technologies by
Program empowering them through the

information displayed in the labels at
points of sale.
Features the star rating system for easy reference
when comparing the efficiency of similar products.
CSPF para sa mga ACUs, Energy Efficiency Factor (EEF)
The New for refrigerating appliances and television sets, and

efficacy for lighting appliances.
Philippine The Energy Label also contains some details of a
Energy particular product model, as well as its estimated

energy consumption.
Label These energy labels are to be placed in the product

itself at a conspicuous area, such as the front of the
unit on sale. For lighting appliances, the labels will be
on one side of the packaging.
The New
Philippine
Energy
Label
Under DC2020-06-0015, the PELP initially

covers appliances such as air conditioners,
refrigerating appliances, television sets and
Coverage lighting products such as self-ballasted
of PELP compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), linear

fluorescent lamps (LFL) or double-capped
fluorescent lamps (DFL), single-capped
fluorescent lamps (SFL), lamp ballasts and
light emitting diode (LED) lamps.
Transportation
In the transport sector, the DOE has

implemented the Fuel Economy Run, which is a
competition for vehicles aimed at promoting fuel
efficiency. The competition includes a calculation
of EEI for participating vehicles.

It is general statement based on the average mileage

traveled per unit of fuel for a class of vehicles; e.g., a
certain car type in a given model year.
Fuel Fuel economy run is most often measured by the

distance a vehicle can travel on a given volume of fuel
Economy
(or the inverse).
Run
It is an imprecise measure of energy efficiency as it
does not take into account vehicle mass, passenger or
cargo capacity, engine power or other attributes that
may affect the value of a vehicle’s services. In addition,
different fuels contain varying amounts of energy per
volume.
ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN POSSIBLE EE & C
IMPROVEMENTS
The diagram below presents the

PHILIPPINES framework of the Philippines Energy
Efficiency and Conservation Roadmap, 2017-
ENERGY 2040. The framework, which consists of
EFFICIENCY AND drivers and sectoral strategies, builds on the
Philippine Government strategies and
CONSERVATION priorities for energy efficiency.
ROADMAP
Energy efficiency (EE) and energy
conservation (EC) are related and often
complimentary or overlapping ways to avoid
or reduce energy consumption. Energy
efficiency generally pertains to the technical
ENERGY performance of energy conversion and
EFFICIENCY consuming devices and building materials.
Energy conservation generally includes
AND actions to reduce the amount of energy end
CONSERVATION use.
EE and EC measures can help to directly

lower energy costs for consumers and
potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions
associated with energy use.
Electric utility EE and EC programs are

often focused on reducing electricity use
during periods of high customer demand
and/or in times of supply constraints and are
called demand-side management
programs. DSM programs range from simply
(DSM) Utility EE and
encouraging electricity consumers to EC programs
undertake EE and EC measures, to providing
various financial incentives to do so, to
offering participation in more direct and active

demand-response (DR) programs.
Many states have established Energy

Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS) that
encourage or require electric and/or natural State
gas utilities operating in their states to reduce
their customer’s electricity and natural gas use government
by targeted amounts and according to a
defined timeline or schedule. In many ways,
EE and EC
EERS are similar to renewable energy portfolio
standards (RPS)).
programs

Establishing energy efficiency and

performance standards for appliances, light
bulbs, motors, and other electrical devices Federal
Supporting development of energy-efficient
building codes government
Setting fuel economy standards for vehicles
Providing tax credits and other financial
EE and EC
incentives for the purchase of energy-
efficient products
programs

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GEOTHERMAL COOLING

uses the earth as a heat sink by cycling
liquid through a buried loop pipe system.
INNOVATIVE -Typically called a geothermal heat pump,

geothermal cooling uses 25%- 50% less
COOLING electricity than conventional unit
SYSTEMS -Geothermal systems are most

appropriate for those who want design
flexibility (zones), a reduced
heating/cooling system footprint, and
reduced environmental impact
ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GEOTHERMAL COOLING
-hardware is highly efficient
-Geothermal systems are classified as either

closed or open.
INNOVATIVE
COOLING closed system the refrigerant liquid circulates
repeatedly through the loop.
SYSTEMS open system, water is extracted from the
ground and discharged at another location.
Five types of geothermal loops are commonly

used today: three closed-loop systems and
two open-loop systems.
CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
HORIZONTAL LOOP INSTALLATION
- is the most common and most cost effective,

yet requires larger land area than other
systems.
-Trenches about four to six feet deep and

running from 100 to 300 feet long are
typically required
VERTICAL LOOP INSTALLATION
-is used when land use is limited
-This system involves holes bored about

twenty feet apart and between 100 to 400
feet deep.
-Pipe is placed within the bored holes and

then filled with a sealing solution that protects
the pipes from weathering and corrosion,
while increasing conductivity and heat
transfer into the ground
POND AND LAKE INSTALLATION
-requires a body of water, typically one-half

acre in area and eight to ten feet deep, within
200 feet of the building.
-Coils of tubing are anchored to the bottom of

the pond or lake. If the pond does not have an
adequate volume of water, this may lead to
more heat being introduced than can be
dissipated.
OPEN LOOP SYSTEMS ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
FIRST OPEN LOOP SYSTEM
-brings water in and through the cooling

system, and then returns it either back into
the well or some other location
-Guidelines dictate where this water can be

properly discharged depending on its source,
as well as how far the discharge zone must be
so that discharged water is not reused too
soon.
OPEN LOOP SYSTEMS ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
STANDING COLUMN SYSTEM
-The process of taking in and discharging water

is the same as the previous system.
-is designed to take advantage of bedrock

conditions, so that cool water is pumped out
from the bottom of the well, and the warmed
water is discharged at the top of the well
-are common in New England states and can

be found through out many boroughs of New
York City.
SOLAR UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGY
Mainly focuses on three modes of

MAJOR utilization:
ARCHITECTURE photoelectric conversion
RENEWABLE photothermal conversion
ENERGY photochemical conversion
TECHNOLOGIES
The most widely used in the field of
architecture is solar thermal energy
utilization technology
PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR mainly include passive solar houses
ARCHITECTURE and solar ventilation cooling
technologies
RENEWABLE
ENERGY Passive solar houses do not require
TECHNOLOGIES equipment and components such as
collectors, heat exchangers, and water
pumps
SOLAR WATER HEATING
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR is a solar energy utilization
ARCHITECTURE technology with high photo-thermal
RENEWABLE conversion efficiency and wide
application
ENERGY
-The solar water heating system is
TECHNOLOGIES mainly composed of three parts: a
solar collector, a heat storage device
and a circulation loop
SOLAR WATER HEATING
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR
ARCHITECTURE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
SOLAR ENERGY COOKING
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR -is a solar energy utilization device
ARCHITECTURE that obtains solar radiation energy
through heat collection, heat transfer
RENEWABLE and heat storage, which can be used
ENERGY for boiling water or cooking
TECHNOLOGIES
-general household solar cooker is in
the range of 500 ~ 1500W
GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION
TECHNOLOGY
Geothermal energy is the heat
MAJOR contained in the rocks and fluids
ARCHITECTURE below the surface
RENEWABLE the shallow geothermal air
ENERGY conditioning system can be divided
TECHNOLOGIES into ground source heat pump
system, surface water source heat
pump system and underground
water source heat pump system
SOIL SOURCE HEAT PUMP
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR Soil source heat pump system has the
ARCHITECTURE following features:
RENEWABLE • Geothermal temperature amplitude is
small and relatively stable, especially the
ENERGY rock and soil below 10m.
TECHNOLOGIES • Rock and soil have good regenerative
properties itself.
• Compared with Air source heat pump, it
can save 10%~20% of the defrosting
energy consumption.
SOIL SOURCE HEAT PUMP
TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR • After long term continuous operation of
ARCHITECTURE the system, it is easy to cause the
accumulation of cold and heat of
RENEWABLE underground rock and soil, and affect the
ENERGY water temperature of the buried pipe.
TECHNOLOGIES • The thermal properties and heat transfer
performance of different types of
geotechnical materials are quite different.
• Soil source heat pump system is
expensive.
SURFACE WATER SOURCE HEAT

PUMP TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR
ARCHITECTURE -is a system that uses surface water bodies
such as rivers, lakes, seawater, or source
RENEWABLE biological water sources as heat source of
ENERGY heat pump units.
TECHNOLOGIES -is mainly suitable for situations where
there is sufficient surface water body
available near the building
SURFACE WATER SOURCE HEAT
PUMP TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR Surface water source heat pump system has the following
ARCHITECTURE features:
• The temperature of surface water is larger than that of
RENEWABLE underground water or underground rock, changing along
with the season and the depth of the water body
ENERGY • The cost of the ground water source heat pump system
TECHNOLOGIES is relatively low.

• Due to surface water quality problems, care should be
taken to prevent open system corrosion and algae
problems.
• Surface water temperature will decrease in winter, so
the operation of the surface water source heat pump
system in winter needs to be guarded against freezing.
GROUNDWATER SOURCE
HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGY
MAJOR - are generally used in areas where
ARCHITECTURE groundwater resources are abundant and
allow exploitation.
RENEWABLE
ENERGY -According to different groundwater use
TECHNOLOGIES way, groundwater source heat pump
system can be divided into direct use
system and indirect use system, as shown
in the Figure
GROUNDWATER SOURCE
MAJOR
ARCHITECTURE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
GROUNDWATER SOURCE
Groundwater source heat pump system has
MAJOR the following characteristics:
ARCHITECTURE • Groundwater source heat pump system
RENEWABLE has significant energy saving effect.
• The economic performance of
ENERGY underground water source heat pump is
TECHNOLOGIES good.
• Recharging effect is very important for
the use of groundwater source heat pump
systems.
FIN.

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ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Extent to which the energy consumption

Purposes To identify a building’s energy performance

2 Types of refurbishment stage

To reduce the effects of climate change

Avoid price fluctuations caused by over- Importance

efficient and well-

How efficiently the delivered

System Losses How efficiently energy is

issue depends used by people in the

Reducing heating demand

Reducing cooling demand

Limiting the exposed

Improving air tightness

Improving the insulation

Effectively using controls

Solar control glass Reducing

Selecting equipment with

Separating high heat load

Making use of thermal

Reducing heat gains from

Predicting the impact of

Effective window design Reducing the

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Mixed mode ventilation Reducing the

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Maximizing the use of

Energy efficient lighting

Lighting controls Reducing

Installing time controls

Switching off electric heating elements

Switching off any associated pumps when hot Energy for

Replacing any damaged or missing insulation

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Switching off Reducing

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

Setting targets Good

Take meter readings

Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) is a ratio

Energy consumption and a standard energy

Equipment/ and to identify opportunities for

The EEI can be calculated using

Energy various methods, depending on the

Index of Improving the energy efficiency of

System significant energy savings and

AE is the annual energy consumption,

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN In the Philippines, the Energy

Efficiency systems. The Department of Energy

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

These Guidelines address the need to provide energy

Conserving efficiency and conservation, including the promotion of

Design for efficient and judicious utilization of energy, increase in

ASPEC 3 - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

The Philippine Energy Labeling Program (PELP) is one of the

Energy established through Department Circular DC2020-06-

Labelling Labeling Program (PELP) for Compliance of Importers,

Program Appliances and other Energy-Consuming Products (ECP)”.

signed on 15 June 2020, published in broadsheet

Philippine The PELP aims to transform the market

Program empowering them through the

CSPF para sa mga ACUs, Energy Efficiency Factor (EEF)