INTRODUCTION TO other IT infrastructures to

help relay or manage

INFORMATION AND information important in
COMMUNICATIONS modern-day living as seen
primarily in large companies
TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
or corporations.
INFORMATION AND
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY:
● The evolution of technology
AN OVERVIEW
has always depended on
one thing: the human
rationale. Humans tend to
think of ways on how to
improve tasks, workload, or
simply day-to-day activities
● The concept of
technology started off with a
basic tool
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
● With the evolution of
IT VERSUS ICT technology, computers have
● Information taken a major role in the
communications technology later years. This is due to the
(ICT), is often used in a more fact that people have
general sense, described as become increasingly
using computers and other dependent on computers to
digital technologies to assist do their daily tasks in school,
individuals or institutions in at work, or pretty much their
handling or using routines
information. ● Computers evolved based
● Information technology (IT), on the type of components
pertains to the industry that used in the design. At
involves computers, present, scientists and
software, networking, and researchers have identified
 five generations based on THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTER
design, suitability, and (1965-1971)
reliability ● In 1965, Jack Kilby invented
FIRST-GENERATION COMPUTER the Integrated Circuit (IC)
(1946-1959) that was used in exchange
● The first electronic computer of transistors as the interior
was developed in 1946. sections used to built the
● Designed by J. Presper computer
Eckert and John W. Mauchly ● A single IC has many
from the University of transistors, resistors, and
Pennsylvania and was capacitors that even the full
financed by the United circuit board of transistors
States Army can be replaced entirely with
● Electronic Numeric one chip
Integrator and Calculator ● This chip made the
(ENIAC) - considered to be computers smaller in size,
the first-generation unfailing, and effective
computer FOURTH-GENERATION COMPUTER
SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTER (1971-1980)
(1959-1965) ● In the period of the
● In this generation, the fourth-generation computer,
transistor was used as the Very Large Scale Integrated
interior sections of the (VLSI) circuits were used
second-generation ● These circuits have about
computer. 5,000 transistors and other
● Transistors were much circuit elements with their
smaller, faster, and connected circuits on a
dependable than the single chip known as the
vacuum tubes of the microprocessor
first-generation computer. ● These personal computers
● They generated less heat became more powerful,
and consumed less dense, steadfast, and
electricity but still very costly inexpensive
FIFTH-GENERATION COMPUTER ● Input Devices
(1980-onwards) ○ Input devices assent
● In this generation, the VLSI data and instructions
technology has evolved to from the user or from
Ultra Large-Scale Integration another computer
(ULSI) technology, with the system on the internet
manufacture of ● Output Devices
microprocessor chips ○ An output device is
having 10 million electronic any hardware
components component that
● This generation involves transmits information
computer intelligence which to one or more people
is associated with Artificial WHY IS A COMPUTER SO
Intelligence (AI), natural POWERFUL?
language, and expert - Computers are powerful for
system that interprets the a variety of reasons
means and practices of - They work with remarkable
producing computers that speed, reliability,
think like human beings consistency, and accuracy
THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER - Computers can store huge
● By definition, a computer is amounts of data and
an electronic device that information
manipulates information or - Computer allow users to
data. It contains both communicate with other
hardware components and users or computers
software applications - A user is anyone who
● A computer’s hardware communicates and
consists of interrelated interacts with a computer or
electronic devices that are makes use of the
used to manipulate the information it generates
computer’s operation, input
devices, and output devices
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS all aspects of human activity
● Computers can be classified such that digital interaction
based on the size and is a defining characteristic of
computing power human activity
● These general classifications ● This period is also
of computers are as follows characterized by the digital
○ Personal computers industry creating a
○ Workstation knowledge-based economy
○ Minicomputer that spans over its influence
○ Mainframe on how the manufacturing
○ Supercomputer throughput and the service
● Computers can also be sector operate in an efficient
identified in several types. and convenient way
These types have been MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE
identified due to the ● Media refers to the means of
introduction of mobile communication that uses
devices and the proliferation unique tools to interconnect
of internet-capable devices among people. The forms of
● The different types of media today include
computers are as follows: television, radio, cellular
○ Desktop computers phones, and internet
○ Laptop computers ● The Message
○ Tablet computers ○ Media is considered
○ Smartphones to be the message
○ Wearable Smart TVs itself for those who
DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE, create and own the
AND COMPUTER AGE rights of content
● Digital age, information age, ● The Medium
and computer ages, used ○ The medium used
interchangeably, capture refers to the tool or
the ubiquitous nature of tools used in sending
computing and the prolific a message from the
use of technology in almost
 source to the OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
destination ● A trend is what’s hip or
● The Messenger popular at a certain point in
○ The messenger time. It usually refers to a
means the one who particular style in fashion,
delivers the message devices, or entertainment
○ This is why ● In an article from
broadcasters, for Forbes.com, DeMers (2016)
example, being the identified seven major
messenger of the trends in 2017
news are called ○ IoT and Smart Home
media. Technology
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA ○ Augmented Reality
● Media has transformed and Virtual Reality
based on two things: ○ Machine Learning
○ How information is ○ Automation
presented; and ○ Big Data
○ How the connection is ○ Physical-Digital
established Interactions
● Woodcut printing on cloth ○ Everything on
or on paper was used in the Demand
early 15th century IMPACT ON ICT ON INDIVIDUALS,
● It was in 1436 when ORGANIZATIONS, AND SOCIETY
Johannes Gutenberg ● Positive Effects
started working on a printing ○ Improved access to
press which used relief education
printing and a molding ○ Access to information
system and communication
● Now, the modern printing ○ Security
press delivers messages in ● Negative Effects
print, such as newspapers, ○ Reduce personal
textbooks, and magazines interaction and
physical activity
 ○ Job loss or increase in
unemployment
○ Security
ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT
1. Plagiarism - this simply
occurs when a person
copies another person’s
ideas, words, writing, and
call it as his or her own
2. Exploitation - it is an action
in which one deals with a
person dishonestly,
unethically, and
dishonorably
3. Libel - it may be categorized
as insult, slur, or slander.
Either written or spoken or
even actions
4. Software Piracy - refers to
an act of installing or
copying software into the
computer in the absence of
an end-user licensing
agreement (EULA), and/or
producing a copy
disregarding the copyrights