Information And ➡Technology that supports activities

involving information such as gathering,

Communication Technology: an
processing, storing, and presenting data.
overview Increasingly, these activities also involved
collaboration and communication.

➡
Technology
presently includes advancements in
➡
IT, or information technology
communication and how information is pertains to the industry that involves
handled, thus enabling governments, computer, software, networking, and other
organizations, industries, and ordinary IT infrastructure to help relay or manage
individuals to improve their information important in modern-day living
decision-making, business process, and as seen primarily in large companies or
everyday living. corporations.

Information and communications

technology or ICT was defined in a study
➡is a subset of ICT as the technology used
in the field of IT aids in the use of ICT.

➡
conducted by Zuppo (2012) as:
“related to technologies that facilitate
BREAKDOWN OF ICT
the transfer of information and various types
of electronically mediated communication.”
➡ICT is made up of three words, namely
information, communications, and,
According to Baumeister and Leary
technology.
(1995), the “belongingness hypothesis”
states that people have a basic
➡
INFORMATION:
psychological need to feel closely connected
refers to the knowledge obtained from
to others, and that caring, affectionate
reading, investigation, study, or research.
bonds from close relationships are a major
(ex. telephone, television, and radio).
part of human behavior.
Information is regarded as processed data.
➡ ICT is ubiquitous and access to it is Processed information is called knowledge.
relatively affordable and somewhat
It helps fulfill daily tasks.
effortless.

➡
COMMUNICATION:
it is an act of transmitting messages. It is
a process in which information is exchanged
between individuals through verbal and
non-verbal means.

➡
TECHNOLOGY:
improve people’s daily activities.

➡ Radio, televisions, satellites, and Word

Wide Web are powerful tools that can be
used by individuals to gather needed
information to aid them in their office,
IT vs ICT school, or house work, or in simple
day-to-day activities.
ICT, or information and communications

➡
technology,
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
Described as using computer and other
digital technologies to assist individuals or
institutions in handling or using information.
➡ The evolution of technology has always
depended on one thing: the human
rationale.
➡ The concept of technology always starts
with the basic tool. By combining a set of
tools, people have come up with machines
that can do the tasks faster and more
efficiently. Another type of machine that is
considered a necessity is the computer.

➡
Computer
an electronic device, operating under the
control of instructions stored in its own
memory, that can data, manipulate the data
Other popular First Generations
according to specified rules, produce results, Computers aside from ENIAC are:
and store results for future use.

➡
Automation
“the technique of making an apparatus, a
process, or a system operate automatically.”
(sensors, wireless applications, expert
systems, and system integrations). Reduce
the instances of errors.

➡ however, an automated system is not the

same as an intelligent system.
CHARACTERISTICS OF 1ST

✔ Used vacuum tubes for circuitry

Computers have evolved based on the type
of components used in the design. Scientists
and researchers have identified five
generations based on design, suitability,
and reliability.
FIRST GENERATION
COMPUTER (1946- 1959)
➡ Electronic Numeric Integrator and
GENERATION COMPUTER
✔ Electron emitting metal in vacuum tubes
✔ Used magnetic drums for memory
burned out easily
✔ Were huge, slow, expensive, and many
✔ Were expensive to operate
times undependable
✔ Were power hungry
✔ Generated a lot of heat which would
✔ Solved one problem at a time
make them malfunction

✔ a modular computer,
Calculator (ENIAC)

✔could store only limited or small amount
✔do arithmetic operations such as addition
of information
✔ 167 square meters in size, and weighed
and subtraction of up to 10 digits.
27 tons.
✔ Used input based on punched cards
✔ Had their outputs displayed in print outs
✔ Used magnetic tapes
✔ Used machine language
✔ Had limited primary memory
✔ Were programming only in machine
language

Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John SECOND GENERATION

W. Mauchly from the University of
COMPUTER (1959-1965)
Pennsylvania and financed by the United
States Army.
Some examples of Second-Generation
Computers are:

➡IBM-1401
➡IBM-7000
➡CDC 3000 series
➡UNIVAC 1107
➡IBM-7094 FOURTH GENERATION
➡MARK III
➡Honeywell 400 COMPUTER (1971-1980)

From 1971 to 1980, very large scale

integrated (VLSI) circuits were used to build
computers. These circuits have about 5,000
transistors and other circuit elements with
CHARACTERISTICS OF 2nd their connected circuits on a single chip
GENERATION COMPUTER
✔ Used transistors known as the microprocessor. The other

✔ Faster and more reliable than first application of this microprocessor

technology can be used and applied for

✔ Were slightly smaller, cheaper, faster

generation systems pocket calculators, television sets,

✔ Generated heat though a little less automotive devices, audio devices, and

✔ Still relied on punch cards and printouts video appliances.

✔ Allowed assembly and high-level

for input/output Some examples of Third-Generation
Computers are:
✔Stored data in magnetic media
languages

✔Were still costly ➡ Xerox Alto Computer (1973)

✔ Needed air conditioning ➡IBM PC (1981)
✔Introduced assembly language and ➡Apple Macintosh Computer (1984)
operating system software
CHARACTERISTICS OF 4th
GENERATION COMPUTER
THIRD GENERATION
COMPUTER (1965-1971)
✔Used CPUs which contained thousands
✔Were much smaller and fitted on a
of transistors

✔Used a mouse
Some examples of Third-Generation desktops, laps and palms
Computers are:
✔Were used in networks
➡ The Scientific Data Systems Sigma 7 ✔Were cheap
✔Had GUI
➡ IBM-360 (1964)
(1966) mainframe
✔Were very fast
➡CDC 8600 Supercomputers (1969) ✔Register over 19 billion transistors in
➡ IBM-360 high-end microprocessors (Compare with
➡ Personal Data Processor (PDP) 2,300 in Intel 4004)
➡ IBM-370 FIFTH GENERATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF 3rd COMPUTER (1980-ONWARDS)
GENERATION COMPUTER
✔ Used ICs
✔ Used parallel processing The VLSI technology has evolved into what

✔Were slightly smaller, cheaper, faster is called ultra-large-scale integration

✔Used motherboards (ULSI) technology, with the manufacture of

✔Data was input using keyboards microprocessor chips having 10 million

✔Output was visualized on the monitors electronic components. Computer

✔Used operating systems, thus permitting intelligence is associated with artificial

intelligence (AI), natural language, and
✔Simplified programming languages i.e.
multitasking
expert systems that interpret the means and
practices of producing computers that think
BASIC
like human beings.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF 5th ➡ is any hardware component that
GENERATION COMPUTER transmits information to one or more
✔The larger goals in AI is to indulge people .

✔Understand natural language

devices to SYSTEM UNIT

✔Recognize human speech ➡ is the enclosure composed of main

✔See the world in three-dimensional elements of a computer that are used to

✔Play interactive games
perspective
✔Implement expert input in medical and
✔Exercise heuristic classification analysis
other complex fields
✔ Implement neural networks
administer data.
STORAGE DEVICE
➡ a hardware component that holds
program files and all related files when
they are not in use. It is also used for
storing and keep

Ongoing AI projects: ADVANTAGES AND

Virtual personal assistants e.g. Siri, Google DISADVANTAGES OF
✔
Now and Braina.
Smart cars e.g. Tesla's autopilot cars and USING A COMPUTER

✔
Google's self-driving cars.
News generation tools like Wordsmith are ADVANTAGES OF USING A

➡
used by Yahoo and Fox to generate news COMPUTER

✔ ➡
snippets. SPEED

➡
Computer Aided Diagnosis for detection RELIABILITY & CONSISTENCY

➡
of cancer ACCURACY

➡
COMMUNICATION
COMPONENTS OF A STORAGE
COMPUTER
DISADVANTAGES OF USING A

➡
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
➡ It is an electronic device that ➡
HEALTH RISK

➡
VIOLATION OF PRIVACY
manipulates information or data. It has
➡
PUBLIC SAFETY
the ability to store, retrieve, and process
➡
IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT
data. It contains also both hardware IMPACT ON LABOR FORCE
components and software applications.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
HARDWARE
➡ It pertains to the computer’s physical COMPUTERS
devices. It is any part of the computer
PERSONAL COMPUTER: is a small,
that can be seen and touched. A
single-user computer based on a
computer’s hardware consists of
microprocessor.
interrelated electronic devices that are
used to manipulate the computer’s WORKSTATION/SERVER: is a powerful,
operation, input devices, and output single-user computer, has ore powerful
devices. microprocessor and a higher quality monitor
than PC.
INPUT DEVICE
➡ enter or send data or instructions MINICOMPUTER OR EMBEDDED
COMPUTER: is a multi-user computer
from the user or from another computer
system on the internet. capable of supporting 10 to hundreds of
OUTPUT DEVICE users simultaneously.
 MAINFRAME: a powerful multi-user
computer capable of supporting a hundreds
or thousands of users simultaneously.
SUPERCOMPUTER: is an extremely fast
Below are some examples of media tools
used especially by millennials to generate
content:

➡
BLOG:
computer that can perform millions of
is a combination of two words; web and blog. It
instruction per second.
works the same way as pen and paper would but
➡ Computers are also categorized into privacy becomes irrelevant given that a blog post
can be seen by anyone online. A person who writes
several types due to the introduction of
blogs is called blogger. Most recently, blogs have
mobile devices and the proliferation of
evolved into microblogs and video blogs.
internet-capable devices. Specialized
computers are now classified according to

➡
THE MEDIUM
specific uses. The different types of
Medium refers to the tools used in sending a
✔
computers are as follows:
message from the source to the destination.
✔
Desktop Computer

✔
Laptop Computer

➡
THE MESSENGER
✔
Tablet Computer
The messenger is the one who delivers the
✔
Smartphones
message.
✔
Wearables
Smart TV
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
DIGITAL AGE, The media has transformed itself based on two
things;
INFORMATION AGE, AND •How information is presented
COMPUTER AGE •How the connection is established

➡
1800s
MEDIA IN DIGITAL MEDIA the telegraph was developed followed by the
telephone which made the twoway communication

➡
Media
normally refers to the means of communication
that uses unique tools to interconnect among
people. The forms of media includes television,
radio, cellular phones, and internet (which involves
the access and use of various social media sites such
as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube,
possible. Message sending and receiving can now
be done both ways simultaneously.
➡
1900s
the broadcasting and recorded media were
introduced. Radio and television were used to send
sound and video to homes and offices through

➡
among others). electromagnetic spectrum or radio waves.
In the digital age, however, media can be
considered as the message, the medium, and the
messenger.
➡ Audio (lower frequency band) or video (high
frequency band) content can be received depending
on the frequency used. Later on, a combination of

➡
THE MESSAGE
Media is considered to be the message itself for
those who create and own the rights of content. The
forms of content can be user-generated or
both audio and video information made the
audience’s viewing experience more exciting. Films
and movies became popular as they catered to larger
audiences.

➡
professionally-produced.
User-generated content (UGC) is a form of
content created and owned by the users of a system.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
A trend refers to something hip or popular at a
certain point in time. It can be a particular style in
fashion, devices, or entertainment. Technology
trends tend to change as time goes by. Following
Moore’s Law, technology is bound to upgrade itself
every two years.

In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers
(2016) identified seven major trends in 2017:
1. IoT and Smart Home Technology
The so-called Internet of Things (IoT) has
been trending since 2016. The vision of IoT
has evolved due to the convergence of
multiple technologies, including pervasive
wireless communication, data analytics,
machine learning, and use of hardware
technology such as sensors,
microprocessors, and microcontrollers.
Controlling home appliances through mobile
phones, such as switching the lights on and
off, setting the timer for the washing
machine, and controlling the television to
record shows that might be missed due to
traffic is now possible.
2. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
In 2016, the release of games such as
Pokemon Go and the anticipated VR
headsets, Oculus Rift, served as a turning
point for AR and VT Technology
3. Machine Learning
Also called artificial intelligence, having
machines decide for you seem to be a
daunting task and would probably make you
think of robots and talking computers,
similar to Iron Man’s Jarvis.
4. Automation
Through advanced technology, it is now
possible to automate previously human
exclusive tasks. This is very much evident
through wearable devices such as step
counters and heart rate monitors used by
health-conscious individuals. Information is
collected automatically, saved and stored in
mobile devices for analysis later on.
5. Big Data
Big data is a term that describes large and
complex volumes of data.
Big data can be analyzed for insights which
can help management make better decisions
and come up with more effective strategic
plans. Waze is an example of an app that
uses big data.
6. Physical-Digital Integrations
Majority of organizations nowadays are
moving towards system automation.The
concept of having a “paperless company” in
which transactions, reports, and services are
done using automated systems is one such
example.
7. Everything On Demand
Due to the prevalence of network
connectivity, it is possible to have
information on demand. Music, movies, and
even drivers (e.g., Grab) are made available
through the apps in a smartphone
IMPACT OF ICT on INDIVIDUALS,
ORGANIZATIONS, and SOCIETY ICT
Brings both positive and negative effects to
individuals, organizations, and society. It improves
education, access to information, and security.
However, it limits personal interaction and physical
activity and poses problems in employment and
security.
POSITIVE EFFECTS
🔷 Improved access to education
🔷 Access to Information and Communication
🔷 Security
(1) the use of encryption methods to keep and
protect data from any malicious software; (2) the
use of password for personal information
protection; and (3) the development of physical
security systems like biometrics in a form of
fingerprint, facial recognition, iris (eye)
recognition, and voice recognition.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
🔷 Reduced Personal Interaction and Physical
🔷 Job Loss or Increase in unemployment
Activity
This can be considered as one of the worst effect of
🔷
ICT.
Security
ICT brings not only improvement but also threat to
security
ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT
🔷 Plagiarism
It is an act of theft in which a person copies another
person’s ideas, words, or writings, etc. and pass
them off as his or her own. Those who committed
such action may lead to serious legal and ethical
defilements.
🔷 Exploitation
It is an act in which one deals with a person
dishonestly, unethically, and dishonorably, in order
to take advantage of the latter’s works and/ or
resources. This leads to unlawful actions.

🔷 Libel
It can either be an insult, slur, or slander. Either
written or spoken or even through actions, it may
lead to libel if the accusation is not true and without
any piece of evidence.

🔷 Software Piracy
It refers to an act of installing or copying a software
into a computer in the absence of an end-user
licensing agreement (EULA), and/or producing a
copy disregarding the copyrights.