Living in Information
Technology Era:
Chapter 0 - The Origin of the
Universe, Earth and Technology.
The origin of the universe is the origin of
everything, including the very existence of human
life and all the invented technology.
 The bigbang is the best-supported theory
of our universe's origin centers on an event.
 This theory was born of the
observation that other galaxies are
moving away from our own at great
speed in all directions, as if they had
all been propelled by an ancient
explosive force 13.7 billion years
ago.
 The big-bang theory starts the
existence of: Space, Time, Matter,
Energy.
 From all elements of matter, it gradually
binds them by gravitational forces to form
the earth after billions of years.
The Evolution of life
 Necessity is the mother of all
inventions is an English-language proverb
which means, roughly, that the primary
driving force for new inventions and need.
 The Need for light during the
night - results to the discovery of
electricity.
 The need to communicate - Lead to
the creation of different communication
devices.
 The Need for Counting and
Computation - Leads to invention of
number systems, mathematics and
TECHNOLOGY.
The Origin of Technology
 Technology is the development over time
of systematic techniques for making and
doing things.
 The term derives from, a combination
of the Greek technē, “art craft,” with
logos, “word speech,” meant in
Greece.
 Technology is the application of science to
address the problems of daily life.
Chapter 1 - INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
Information Technology (IT)
 Pertains to the industry that involves
computers, software, networking, and other
IT infrastructure to help relay or manage
information important in modern-day living
as seen primarily in large companies or
corporations.
 IT is a subset of ICT as the technology used
in the field of IT aids in the use of ICT
(Wang, 2016).
Informations and Communications
Technology (ICT)
 Often used in a more general sense, and is
described as using computers and other
digital technologies to assist individuals or
institutions in handling or using information.
 Is technology that supports activities
poinvolving information such as gathering,
processing, storing, and presenting data.
 These activities also involve collaboration
and communication.
BREAKDOWN OF ICT
 INFORMATION - Refers to the knowledge
obtained from reading, investigation, study
or research.
 COMMUNICATION - An act of transmitting
messages. Information is exchanged
between individuals through verbal and
non-verbal.
 TECHNOLOGY - Evolved in ways that
improve people’s daily activities.
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
 The concept of technology always starts
with the basic tool.
 By combining a set of tools, people have
come up with machines that can do the
tasks faster and more efficiently.
 Most machines, including computers, have
evolved through the process of automation.
 Automation is defined as “the technique of
making an apparatus, a process or a system
operate automatically”.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
 1st generation - ENIAC (Electronic Numeric
Integrator and calculator) was designed by
Eckert and Mauchly. (1946-1959)
 2nd generation – TRANSISTORS was used
as the interior sections of the computer.
(1959-1965)
 3rd generation – IC inverted by Kilby was
used to build the computer. (1965-1971)
 4th generation – VLSI were used to build
computers. (1971-1980)
 5th generation – ULSI technology having 10
million electronic components. (1980-
onwards)
  AUTOMATION – everything is just one-
click away.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
 A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information or data.
 It has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data.
 It contains both hardware components and
software applications.
 Input Device - is any hardware
component that allows one to enter
data or instructions into a computer.
 Output Device – is any hardware
component that transmits
information tone or more people.
 System Unit – is a box-like case
that contains the electronic
component of the computer which
are used to process data.
 Storage Devices – holds data,
instructions, and information for
future use.
 Computers are powerful for a variety of
reasons.
 They work with remarkable speed,
reliability, consistency, and accuracy.
 Allow users to communicate with other
users and computers.
 Communication device – is a hardware
component that aids a computer to send
(transmit) and receive data, instruction and
information to and from one or more
computers.
 Speed
 Reliability and consistency
 Accuracy
 Communication – is a process in
which information is exchanged
between individuals through verbal
and non-verbal means.
CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS
 Personal Computer - is a small, single-
user computer based on a microprocessor.
 Workstation – Is a powerful single-user
computer. Has powerful microprocessor and
high-quality monitor.
 Mini-Computer -Is a multi-user computer
capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds
of users simultaneously.
 Mainframe - Is a powerful multi-user
computer capable of supporting hundreds
or thousands of user simultaneously.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER
1. DESKTOP COMPUTER - Are computers
designed to be placed on a desk, and are
normally made up of few different parts,
including the computer case, CPU, monitor,
keyboard, and mouse.
2. LAPTOP COMPUTERS - Are battery-
powered computer devices whose
portability makes them possible to use
almost anytime, anywhere.
3. TABLET COMPUTERS - Are hand-held
computers with touch-sensitive screen for
typing and navigation.
4. SMARTPHONES’S and SMART TV’S - Are
hand-held telephones which can do things
that computers can do, including browsing
and searching the internet and even playing
console games. / Include applications
present in computers.
5. WEARABLES - Include fitness trackers and
smartwatches that can be worn throughout
the day.
Introduction to Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) Ages:
 DIGITAL AGE – used interchangeable.
 INFORMATION AGE – shift from
traditional industry to information
technology-based.
 COMPUTER AGE – digital industry creating
a knowledge-based society.
MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE
 The MESSAGE: is considered to be the
message itself for those who create and
own rights of content.
 The MEDIUM: refers to the tool or tools
used in sending a message from the source
to the destination.
 The MESSENGER: is the one who delivers
the message.
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
The media has transformed itself based on two
things: (1) and (2).
 Woodcut printing on cloth or on paper was
used in the early 15th century.
 1436 when Johannes Gutenberg started
working on a printing press which used
relief printing and a molding system.
 Modern printing press delivers messages in
print, such as newspapers, textbooks, and
magazines.
 1900s, broadcasting and recorded media
were introduced. Radio and television were
used to send sound and video to homes and
offices through electromagnetic spectrum or
radio waves.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
A trend refers to something hip or popular
at a certain point in time. It can be a particular style
in fashion, devices, or entertainment. A new trend
may always come along to replace the old one.
Technology is bound to upgrade itself every
two years (Moore’s Law).
In an article from Forbes.com, DeMers
(2016) identified seven major trends in 2017.
1. IoT and Smart Home Technology
2. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
3. Machine Learning
 4. Automation – is a technique of making an
apparatus, a process, or a system to
operate automatically.
5. Big Data – is a term that describes large
and complex volumes of data analysed for
insights to help in making better decisions
and more effective strategic plans.
6. Physical-Digital Integrations
7. Everything on Demand
IMPACT OF ICT ON INDIVIDUALS,
ORGANIZATIONS, AND SOCIETY
 Supercomputer – is and extremely fast
computer that can perform millions of
instruction per second.
 USB flash drive - a portable storage device
that has more storage capacity than a floppy
disk or zip disk. It is small and lightweight
enough to be transported on a keychain or
put in one’s pocket.
 User – is anyone who communicates and
interacts with a computer or makes use of
the information it generates.

 Positive effects
 Improve access to education
 Access to information and
communication
 Security
 Negative effects
 Reduced personal interaction and
physical activity
 Job loss or increase in
unemployment
 Security

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ICT

1. PLAGIARISM: an act of theft in which a

person copies another person’s ideas,
words, or writings, etc. and pass them off
as his or her own.
2. EXPLOITATION: an action in which one
deals with a person dishonesty, unethically,
and dishonorably, in order to take
advantage of the latter’s works and/or
resources.
3. LIBEL: can either be an insult, slur, or
slander. Either written or spoken or even
through actions, it may lead to libel if the
accusation is not true and without any piece
of evidence.

Key words:
 Blog – is a combination of two words, web
and log. It works the same way as pen and
paper would, but the privacy becomes
irrelevant given that a blog can be seen by
anyone online.
 Blogger – is a person who writes blogs.
 Compact Disc - is a flat, round, portable
metal disc.
 Modem - is a device or program that
enables a computer to transmit data over, for
example, telephone or cable lines.
 Motherboard – is a circuitry of the system
unit which is commonly a part of, associated
with or linked to a circuit board.
 Port - is an endpoint of communication in an
operating system.
 Software privacy – refers to an act of
installing a copy of software into one’s
computer without permission, and/or
producing a copy disregarding the
copyrights.